Principles OF Observation PDF

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PRINCIPLES OF OBSERVATION Observation: purposeful or intentional examinations - responses that we can perceive, we can count, and we can record - taking data Why? To identify the problem - Ultimate goal: to describe a clinical event When we describe, our description must be precise. Just the facts. What happened? How many times did the behavior occur? In what context did the behavior occur? Observations should be multi-dimensional and pulled from a variety of contexts. What we don’t need to do, have an observation loaded with value judgments. Objectivity: the ability of a clinician to report their findings without bias or influence of personal opinion Role 1 - Graduate clinicians - The person that is observing the behaviors, but also interacting with the client - Observation and interaction occurs at the same time - Downside: sometimes we get so wrapped up in the activity with the client that sometimes we miss things Role 2: - In the therapy session, can be seen, but they are not directly interacting with the client - Downside: sometimes they can be distracting to the client initially, however, after the first 10-15 minutes you are no longer a distraction Role 3: - Someone observing behind a one-way glass/mirror or observing on the computer - Not visible to the client or clinician Quantitative: numbers, how much of a given behavior is occurring, measured, counted, can compare, etc. Qualitative: judging, description, provides information about how or by what means a behavior occurs Prekinesics: The most basic nonverbal behavior The study of movements the body is capable of making Microkinesics: Typically the level that we, as speech pathologists, are more involved in

The study of expressive movements Hand movements, eye contact, etc. Illustrators: paired with verbalizations that emphasize what is being said Social Kinesics: The study of the meaning of the specific movements that are related to a particular culture Context: Antecedent: try to determine what triggered the behavior Behavior Response Linear-Temporal: Antecedent: try to determine what triggered the behavior Behavior Response Function of time Multi-dimensional: Look at all behaviors at a given unit of time Individual Behavior: How often is this occurring? Is this ongoing or did it just happen once? Looking at the range of the individual’s behavior Environmental: Looking at the environment and seeing where the behavior takes place the most Cultural: Is this a behavior that is culturally related? Is this a typical behavior of their culture?...