Prof Ed-10 HE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP PDF

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NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TE

Y Cabanatuan City

TH E TEA CH ER AN D TH E CO M MU NIT Y,

N OR M A

THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Table of Contents

Title Page Table of Contents 3

UNIT I. The Nature and Scope of Philosophy of Education Scope and Philosophy of Education Importance of Philosophy of Education Relationship Between Philosophy of Teaching and Teaching Style Activity 1

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UNIT II. The School as a Social Institution The Role of School as a Socializing Agent Types of School Community Relationship The Role of the Teacher in School-Community Relations Activity 2 UNIT III. Creating a Positive Classroom Culture How Important Is School Culture? Components of Positive School Culture Eleven Ways to Build a Positive School Culture Negative School Culture Suggested Ways to Improve School Culture Common Debate Concerning School Culture Activity 3 UNIT IV. Concept of Leadership What are the Key Elements of Leadership? The Seven Primary Leadership Styles Key Leadership Theories Skills of Educational Leaders Principal Task of a Leader 10 Traits of Successful School Leaders Styles of Educational Leadership Styles of Managerial Leadership 4 Functions or Steps of Management Process The Role of Leadership in Institution Building Activity 4 References

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THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP

UNIT I. The Nature and Scope of Philosophy of Education Education gives us an awareness of the world around us, and makes things better. This provides the viewpoint of looking at life inside us. It allows us to develop opinions and to have views on life's matters. While philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions concerning life, knowledge , values, meaning, mind, and language. These issues are also raised as concerns that need to be researched or answered. You will find an response in this unit to the question "What is the purpose of Education?”. Would it only train the students to get a job or give them the skills they needed to survive? This unit will assist you in developing your own philosophy as a future educator. Let’s read the following objectives that is expected of you.

Learning Objectives At the end of the unit, I am able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Discuss the meaning of philosophy of education; Explain the unlimited scope of philosophy of education; Enumerate the various functions of philosophy of education; Differentiate the two teacher centered philosophes; Discuss the student-centered philosophies; and Describe the relationship between philosophy of teaching and teaching styles.

Activating Your Prior Knowledge

Name _____________________________________________________ Year/Section ____________________________________________

Date _____________________________

Direction: : Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the line provided for each number. ______1. Naomi are self-paced, self-directed and require a lot of individual interaction with the teacher, this is typical of a ______school. a) Existentialist c) Perennialist b) Social Reconstructionist d) Essentialist ______2. Which is a teacher-centered philosophy? a) Existentialism c) Progressivism b) Social Reconstructionism d) Essentialism ______3. This philosophy places the highest priority at leading students to their own learning. Learning is self-paced, and requires a lot of individual teacher interaction. a) Essentialism c) Progressivism b) Existentialism d) Social Reconstructionism ______4. Which philosophy is based on real-world experiences and John Dewey's work? a) Perennialism c) Social Reconstructionism b) Progressivism d) Existentialism ______5. Which philosophy is a student-centered philosophy? a) Essentialism c) Educationalism b) Perennialism d) Existentialism ______6. In teacher centered philosophy the teachers role is to __________. a) keep the students happy b) focus on students’ individual needs, contemporary relevance, and prepare students for a changing time

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THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP c) assert their dominance in the teacher- student relationship and teach whatever interest them d) instill respect for authority, perseverance, duty, consideration, and practicality. ______7. It emphasizes the importance of transferring knowledge, information, and skills from the older (wiser) generation to the younger one. a) Teacher-centered philosophy b) Student-centered philosophy ______8. Uses lessons that both intellectually and emotionally stir students about the inequities that surround them. a) Social Reconstructionist c) Perennialist b) Essentialist d) Progressivist ______9. Helps children find meaning and direction in their lives a) Social Reconstructionism c) Progressivism b) Perennialism d) Existentialism ______10. Teachers role would be as facilitator: assisting students to focus their questions, develop strategy, help organize visit while collecting data on social problems. a) Progressivism c) Social Reconstructionism b) Essentialism d) Existentialism

Lesson Proper Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those related to truth, nature, awareness, beliefs, meaning, mind and language. Pythagoras possibly invented the Ancient Greek (philosophia) which simply means "love of wisdom" or "friend of wisdom. Philosophy was broken up into several sub-fields. It has been chronologically divided (e.g., ancient and modern); by subject (the key topics being epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics); and by style (e.g., analytical philosophy) There's a collection of similar values behind every school and every teacher — a philosophy of education — that determines what and how students are taught. An educational philosophy provides answers to questions about the purpose of learning, the position of a teacher and what should be taught and by what methods. Philosophy of Education may refer to either the academic field of applied philosophy or any of the educational philosophies that advocate a specific form or vision of education and/or investigate the nature, aims and significance of education. As an academic field, philosophy of education is "the philosophical study of education and its issues ... its central focus is education, and its methods are those of philosophy. Philosophy of Education can be either the philosophy of the educational process or the philosophy of the education discipline. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense that it is concerned with the goals, structures, methods or results of the educational or educational process; or it may be meta-disciplinary in the sense that it is concerned with the discipline 's principles, objectives, and methods.

SCOPE AND FUNCTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION As an independent study the philosophy of education has its own scope and function. The scope of the education philosophy includes critical assessment of goals, ideas and education, analysis of human nature, educational values, knowledge theory, and the relationship between education and social progress. It tends to have three functions: 1) speculative; 2) normative; and 3) critical. The speculative role of education philosophy is to explore and investigate, and to shape theory about education, its causes, and nature. It attempts to make a survey of the entire region when doing so. Normative roles have to do with setting priorities, expectations and standards. The Critical function consists of a rigorous scrutiny of the words and concepts involved in educational thought and practice.

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THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP Now the question arises, what are the problems ‘philosophy of education’ deals with? In his “Preface to Indian Philosophy of Education” R.S. Pandey mentioned some problems, which are analyzed by the 'philosophy of education’. These are – 1. What is the nature of education? 2. Why should education be imparted? 3. What is the need of education? 4. For what objectives should education be imparted? 5. What is the relationship between Education and Philosophy? 6. What is the impact of philosophical thoughts on education? 7. How to theorize or philosophize the educational practices? 8. How can the excellence of education be brought about? 9. What are educational values? 10. To what extent can the values be taught?

While these questions are regarded as the primary questions for the philosophical analysis of education, the purpose is not the same for every educational philosopher. Our views on knowledge acquisition, character growth, human development, and social development are inconsistent. Philosophers who support knowledge as an educational objective recognize knowledge as power, virtue and happiness. For others, the sole aim of the education philosophy is either materialistic development or social adjustment. Few emphasize the metaphysical upliftment as the educational goal. Yet if we just show interest in one side of development as the focus of educational philosophy, it would be the same as the six blind men's old tale and the elephant's.

IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION Teachers are mentors, who play an important part in inculcating students' critical thinking. Yet to do so as a teacher, you have to have your own teaching philosophy. Students often look up to their instructor and so it becomes important for you to have positive thoughts. Here are specific reasons why if you're a teacher you should study Philosophy of Education.

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Helps to Decipher The Path of Learning

Philosophy of teaching was described as the map which provides directions for moving forward. Without a map one can feel lost. Similarly, when teaching, you'll be overlooked if a particular direction isn't determined. Therefore, a map is always necessary to make informed moves. Children cannot be persuaded to understand anything until the teacher understands why and how he / she chooses to teach. You'll be helping your students plan to reach their destinations once you know your path. •

Affects the Society

The teachers are named the community 's future builders. People like you are the ones who help students pick different professions and different identities. A instructor will leave a profound impact on the students and in the near future help them to make independent decisions. The core values which your students today learn from you will be implemented and

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THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP used in society as they grow up. Strong philosophical history should help ensure that all of these beliefs are meaningful. When you believe in breaking stereotypes, your students will follow the same philosophical direction, with high chances. When your theory follows the theories that already exist, rather than challenging them, your students will follow your direction. Knowing the educational philosophy will teach you the need to learn the why s. This will also raise the quality of our society along with the students ' academic growth, and make us more rational. •

To Be in Their Shoes

By learning philosophy a teacher may interpret and evaluate from their students ' perspective. In addition to understanding why students behave in a certain way, teachers should also be able to understand how students interpret their behavior. This helps to develop effective teaching methods and feedback which ultimately contribute to improved outcomes. A instructor should most of all evaluate his / her behavior and consider the positive and negative implications of their practices. •

To Avoid Being Judgmental

Philosophy of education frequently gives a teacher the notion of not prejudicing a student's personality. Mind all students should be considered equal. But, this does not impact each student's unique ability and capabilities. As educators you are expected to teach all students creativity, autonomy and curiosity without losing their level of intelligence. The aim is to stop giving up on a low-level learner, who is a student. Thus philosophy tells you educators, you are expected to teach all students imagination, autonomy and curiosity without losing their level of intellect. This helps the teachers as much as though it helps the students. In other words, the philosophy-consisting educational program leads to the learner's (student's) mind development, thereby allowing him / her to deliver insights and opportunities to develop his / her potential abilities. •

To Teach the Concept of Unification

Philosophy also advises to unify each pupil and teacher as one body in order to guarantee harmony. The aim is to work together to create a better person who serves his society diligently and keeps his / her morality tested. Through education philosophy teachers can understand and connect with the students as one. Then even the students would be able to talk to the teacher in confidence as if he / she were their comrade.

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The Verdict

Through philosophy, you will ensure that your student not only maintains his academic knowledge from all grades he has achieved but also develops a sense of human values and ethics. TEACHER-CENTERED PHILOSOPHIES Teacher-centered education philosophies demand that children be taught using such approaches put into practice by their teacher, as opposed to student-centered ideologies in which teaching methods are developed according to individual student needs and learning styles. In short, teacher-centered philosophies require the student to adapt to the teacher; with

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THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP philosophies focused on the student, the instructor adjusts to the student. The two teachercentered philosophies are essentialism and perennialism. a.

Essentialism

An essentialist curriculum is designed for the growth of a discipline and a common knowledge culture. Essentialists prioritize specific knowledge on some key subjects, as opposed to more general knowledge on a broader variety of topics. In the classroom, the Essentialist 's Platform outlined three key elements of essentialism. Initially, students were to be taught in the core curriculum by an essentialist teacher who is well educated and knowledgeable. The role of the teacher in essentialism was to teach with competence and authority a strict curriculum but the approach was at the discretion of the instructor. Second, incorporating culture into the curriculum. Third is the "pass or fail" approach to progressing students to the next level of education; the only way a student could advance was through grades and assessments to show knowledge of the required subjects. When education abandons quality standards and thus does not provide adequate stimuli, many people will go through twelve years of schooling to b.

Perennialism

Perennialism is an educational philosophy focused on teachers that focuses on the timeless concepts and universal truths learned from art, history, and literature. The curriculum of perennialism stems from the "Great Books," a collection of literature considered to be fundamental, significant and important in Western culture, regardless of time period. Such books include the works of Socrates, Aristotle, Homer, Plato, Chaucer, Geoffrey and Shakespeare. Perennialism resembles essentialism in that teachers direct the cycle of education. It is also closely related to the Socratic teaching method which promotes an open dialog between teacher and student. Throughout the classroom, perennialism includes students acquiring cultural literacy through the Great Books and proving their understanding by testing, writing, and behavior. A teacher of perennialism has a responsibility to help students become cultural people, and grasp human knowledge principles.

STUDENT-CENTERED PHILOSOPHIES The student-centered philosophies are more focused on individual student teaching. Such ideologies placed more emphasis on student’s uniqueness and help them understand their potential. A classroom based on students can be less static or organized, less concerned about past teaching methods and drilling academics, and more oriented on preparing students in an ever-changing environment for learning. Usually, students and teachers discuss together what to learn, and how to better accomplish this.

A.

Progressivism

It is focused on the constructive improvements and problem-solving approach that can be offered by individuals with various educational qualifications. Progressive educators are based on results and don't just impart learned information. Teachers are less interested in passing on the current culture and aspire to allow students to build an individual approach to the tasks they are given.

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THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY, SCHOOL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP The leading minds of progressivism are John Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) and John Dewey (1859–1952). Rousseau believed that people are inherently decent and that society is responsible for their corruption. He advocated nature education, away from the city and society pressures, where the needs of the child (as opposed to a prescribed collection of guidelines) should drive the curriculum. John Dewey believed people learn best through social interaction and problem solving. Dewey introduced the scientific problem-solving approach and experimentalism. Progressivism was not formed into a formalized, recorded philosophy of education because of the diverse views arising from the movement. Nevertheless, progressives also decided that they needed to step away from those aspects of conventional schools. They were especially keen to distance themselves from the textbook-based curriculum and the notion of teachers as knowledge disseminators, in favor of seeing teachers as thought facilitators. The progressivist classroom is about creativity and discovery. In a classroom , teachers serve as facilitators in which students discuss physical , emotional, moral , and social development. Popular sights may include: small groups debating, custom-made games, and learning stations in a progressivist classroom. Teachers usually move freely among the classes, using feedback and thought-provoking questions to guide them. c.

Social Reconstructionism

This is an educational theory that sees schools as tools for solving social problems. Social reconstructionist reason that schools should have a curriculum that fosters their growth because all the leaders are the product of schools. Reconstructionist not only aims at educating a generation of problem solvers, but also at recognizing and addressing many notable social issues facing our country, with diverse objectives like racism, pollution, unemployment, poverty and crime. Reconstructionism may be referred to as something of a solution for society, rather than a theory of education, which aims to create a more rational social order. The reconstructionist classroom contains a teacher who involves the students in discussions of moral dilemmas to understand the implications of one’s actions. Students individually select their objectives and social priorities and then, with guidance from the teacher, create a plan of action to make the change happen.

d.

Existentialism

It promotes a close personal consideration of personal character, values and choices. The primary question existentialists raise is whether they want to determine who they are, or if they want to determine them by the culture. Although liberty and individuality are highly valued American ideals, existentialists argue that an underlying message of conformity e...