Project file pdf PDF

Preview

Summary

project file on footstep power generation mechanism...

Description

A PROJECT REPORT ON FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATION MECHANISM Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SUBMITTED BY PABITRA PRAN BORA NISCHAL RANJAN DEBSISH JARH ARVIND KUMAR MISHRA AMAN DESWAL

(15017004015)

(15017004014)

(15017004008)

(15017004007)

(15017004001)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF VIJAY KUMAR (Assistant professor) Department of Mechanical Engineering

Submitted to: Head of Department DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING P.M. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Kami Road, Sonipat, (Delhi – NCR), Haryana – 131001. Affiliated to

DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Murthal, Sonipat, (Delhi – NCR), Haryana – 131039.

1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: It gives us immense pleasure to present our project on “FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION MECHANISM”. No work, doesn’t matter, how much small or big, has ever been possible without contribution of perfect team members and guidance of various personalities directly or indirectly involved in successful completion of our project. The euphoria and satisfaction of completion of the project will be incomplete without thanking the personalities responsible for this venture. We would like to convey our heartiest regards to the people who helped us to undergo this project work successfully and also thank them for making this project such an interesting and a great learning platform and working experience. We take the privilege to thank Mr. Vijay Kumar, Asst. professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.M. College of Engineering, for guiding us throughout this project and helping us thoroughly for successfully completing the project work as a Final Year Major Project Report Submission for P.M. College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and making it possible to work it out in real practice. We would also like to express my gratitude to Mr. Rahul Malik, Head of Department, Mechanical Engineering, P.M. College of Engineering, for allowing us to undergo this project work as a Final Year Major Project Report with our Team Members and Project Guide and also want to thank him for his invaluable guidance throughout this project work. During the project work, our mentor was Mr. Naba Jarh, Head of Industry, Bengal engineering, (Manufacturer of: Paper Rewinder, Sheeter, Printing, Flexo, Coating, Lamination, Embossing machinery & General Order Supplier), Alipur, Delhi, who affordably taught us along each and every step and helped us grasping a preliminary knowledge on the systems. We would also like to thank his Factory Staff for providing us with the required tools and machinery and for imparting us with their invaluable knowledge and advice and guiding us and helping us for the completion of the project. Last but not least, I am very much thankful to all the staff members of P.M. College of Engineering, friends, families and all other technical staff and all other personalities who directly or indirectly encouraged us, guided us and helped us out in successfully completing the project work.

2

CERTIFICATE This is certify that the work which is being presented in the project entitled “FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION MECHANISM” operated by PABITRA PRAN BORA, NISCHAL RANJAN, DEBASISH JARH, ARVIND KUMAR MISHRA, AMAN DESWAL, in partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree in B.Tech MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, submitted in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.M. College of Engineering, Kami Road, Sonepat (Delhi – NCR), Haryana – 131001, Affiliated to DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MURTHAL, SONEPAT (DELHI – NCR), HARYANA - 131039, was carried out from January 2019 to April 2019 under the guidance of Mr. Vijay Kumar, Asst. professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.M. College of Engineering. The matter presented in this project report has not been submitted in any other Institution/University for the award of Degree in B.Tech Mechanical Engineering. PABITRA PRAN BORA, NISCHAL RANJAN, DEBASISH JARH, ARVIND KUMAR MISHRA, AMAN DESWAL. This is to certify that the above mention statements made by the candidates ar e correct to the best of our knowledge.

MR. VIJAY KUMAR MR. RAHUL MALIK ASST. PROFESSOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING The B.Tech viva/external examination of the above candidates had held on…………… And accepted.

3

PROJECT TEAM PROJECT REPORT ON: FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION MECHANISM

PABITRA PRAN BORA 15017004015

NISCHAL RANJAN 15017004014

ARVIND KUMAR MISHRA 15017004007

DEBASISH JARH 15017004008

AMAN DESWAL 15017004001

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

VIJAY KUMAR ASST. PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

4

ABSTRACT: Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the substance and well - being since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway stations, temples, etc., are overcrowded all round the clock. Nowadays energy and power are the one of the basic need in this modern world. Energy demand is increasing day by day. On the other hand, the many energy resources are getting exhausted and wasted .Millions of people move around. This whole energy is wasted. If this energy made possible for utilization then it will be a great invention. In this project we are converting non-conventional from just walking foot step into electrical energy. This project uses simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assembly. The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion; D.C generator, gears, shafts, plates and multimeter to show output. We have discussed the various applications and further extension. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Nonconventional energy using foot step needs no fuel input power to generate the electrical power. In this project the simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assembly mechanism is used for generating power by utilization of force which is obtained during the walking on steps is converted in to electrical energy with the help of mechanical systems. We have discussed its various alternate applications with extension also. The power generation is much worthy but it has little initial cost effective factors.

5

LIST OF FIGURES: SR. NO.

DESCRIPTION

PAGE NO.

1.

Non-renewable energy resources

10

2.

Renewable energy resources

11

Table 1. Specifications

14

3.

Base and upper plate

17

4.

Gears

18

5.

D.C. generator

18

6.

Shaft

18

7

Rack

19

8.

Solid and hollow pipes

19

9.

Linear motion bearings

20

10.

Circular bearings

20

11.

Circular caps

21

12.

Multimeter

21

13.

Layout

22

14.

Schematic representation of footstep

22

15.

Outer structure

23

16.

Inner structure

24

17.

Block diagram

25

Table 2. Energy storing table

28

6

CONTENTS: SR. NO.

DESCRIPTION

PAGE NO.

1.

Acknowledgement

2

2.

Certificate

3

3.

Project team members

4

4.

Abstract

5

5.

List of figures

6

6.

Introduction 1.1 Types of energy resources. 1.2 Conventional energy sources. 1.3 Non – conventional/ alternate energy sources

7.

Existing system

13

8.

Proposed system

13

9.

Objectives

14

10.

Specifications

14

11.

Literature review

15 - 16

12

Components used

17 - 21

13.

Foot step arrangements

22

14.

Layout of power generation by Foot Step

22

15.

Methodology

22

16.

Working and basic principle

17.

Block diagram

9 – 12 10 10 11

23 - 24 25

7

18.

Working 8.1 Working steps

25 – 26 26

19.

Need of this type of system

27

20.

Future scopes

27

21.

Energy storing table

28

22.

Calculations 21.1 Charging time 21.2 Battery backup time 21.3 Spring stiffness 21.4 Theoretical power output 22.5 Practical power output

23.

Advantages

31

24.

Disadvantages

31

25.

Applications

32

26.

Personal experiences

27.

Conclusion

38

28

References

39 - 40

29 – 30 29 29 29 30 30

33 - 37

8

INTRODUCTION: As the availability of conventional energy declines, there is need to find alternate energy sources. All most all the state electricity departments in our country, they are unable to supply the power according to the demand. The power produced by these companies is not even sufficient for domestic utilities; in such critical situation it is very difficult to divert the energy for other public needs. There by an alternative source must be discovered, many people proposes for solar energy, but it is going to be a costliest affair, moreover availability of solar energy is poor particularly in rainy & winter seasons, as a result it is not dependable. Hence an alternative cheapest method must be determined for few applications; consequently this project work has been taken up, which is aimed to generate electricity from footsteps mechanism. Out of the many alternative energy resources, this technology described in this project report is the ultimate source of all known forms of energy. It is clear, safe, and free, does not pollute the environment and thus will be an extremely viable alternative in the days to come. As there is a tremendous increase in the crowd, the load applied on the footsteps by the people, it generates nonstop energy, which can be stored and utilized to energize the street lights. Here the concept is to convert the mechanical energy in to electric energy. Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well-being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago. Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted. With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added a new dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him.

9

With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy. This whole human energy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it will be great invention and power producing platform will be very useful energy sources in crowded countries. TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES:  Conventional energy sources.  Alternative energy sources. CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES: Primary energy sources can be defined as sources which provide a net supply of energy coal, oil, uranium etc. The energy required to obtain these fuel is much less than what they can produce by combustion or nuclear reaction. The supply primary fuel is limited .It becomes very essential to use these fuel sparingly. Example: Coal, natural gas, oil and nuclear energy.

FIG. 1

10

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: It is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel. These alternatives are intended to address concerns about such fossil fuels. The nature of what constitutes an alternative energy source has changed considerably over time, as have controversies regarding energy use. Today, because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as "alternative" is highly controversial. In a general sense, alternative energy as it is currently conceived is that which is produced or recovered without the undesirable consequences inherent in fossil fuel use, particularly high carbon dioxide emissions, an important factor in global warming.

FIG. 2 Question that every time comes before every country i.e., the need of non-conventional energy sources or systems. Why we need these systems and the answers are the growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil & gas. Rising prices of oil and gases and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties about the security of energy supply in future, which has serious repercussions on the growth of the national economy. The main factor is increasing use of fossil fuels also causes serious environmental problems. Hence there is primary need to use renewable energy sources like solar, wind, tidal, bio-mass and energy from waste material. Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and wellbeing ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago. Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted.

11

With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added a new dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy. For an alternate method to generate electricity there are number of methods by which electricity can be produced, out if such methods footstep energy generation can be an effective method to generate electricity. Walking is the most common activity in human life. When a person walks, he loses energy to the road surface in the form of impact, vibration, sound etc., due to the transfer of his weight on to the road surface, through foot falls on the ground during every step. This energy can be tapped and converted in the usable form such as in electrical form. This device, if embedded in the footpath, can convert foot impact energy into electrical form. Human-powered transport has been in existence since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. However modern technology has led to machines to enhance the use of human-power in more efficient manner. In this context, pedal power is an excellent source of energy and has been in use since the nineteenth century making use of the most powerful muscles in the body. Ninety-five percent of the exertion put into pedal power is converted into energy. Pedal power can be applied to a wide range of jobs and is a simple, cheap, and convenient source of energy. However, human kinetic energy can be useful in a number of ways but it can also be used to generate electricity based on different approaches and many organizations are already implementing human powered technologies to generate electricity to power small electronic appliances. Now let us come to its some working principle, this device if embedded in footsteps of railway platforms, city malls, city footpaths etc. can convert the weight impact of people into electrical energy. When a pedestrian will step on the top plate of this device, the plate will go down and this downward motion results in rotation of the shaft of the alternator which produces electrical energy. After removal of force the top plate returns to its original position due to springs.

12

EXISTING SYSTEM: Other people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to-electrical) surfaces in the past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban space by adding a sense of fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement. The Crowd Farm floor is composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. Like Capable Of Harnessing Human Locomotion For Electricity Generation.

PROPOSED SYSTEM: Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock. This whole human/bio-energy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy sources in crowded countries. Walking across a "Crowd Farm," floor, then, will be a fun for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such farms with earning. The electrical energy generated at such farms will be useful for nearby applications.

The creation of new source of perennial environmentally acceptable, low cost electrical energy as a replacement for energy from rapidly depleting resources of fossil fuels is the fundamental need for the survival of mankind. We have only about 25 years of oil reserves and 75 – 100 years of coal reserves. Resort to measure beginning of coal in thermal electric stations to serve the population would result in global elementary change in leading to worldwide drought and decertification. The buzzards of nuclear electric-stations are only too will. Now electric power beamed directly by micro-wave for orbiting satellite. Solar power stations (S.P.S) provide a cost-effective solution even though work on solar photo voltaic and solar thermo electric energy sources has been extensively pursued by many countries. Earth based solar stations suffer certain basic limitations.

13

OBJECTIVES: In this project we are converting Mechanical energy into Electrical energy. We are trying to utilize the wasted energy in a useful way. By using Rack and Pinion arrangement we are converting to and fro motion of the steps into rotational motion of the dynamo. In first step we are using rack and pinion arrangement directly to rotate the dynamo. But in second step we are using gear mechanism to obtain better efficiency. Through Dynamo the rotational energy is converted i...