Project report on development of automated rain operated wiper PDF

Preview

Summary

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper 1. Introduction Over the past two decades, the automotive industry has aggressively researched ways to exploit modern computing and electronic advances in the development of safety, reliability, an entertainment technology for vehicles. Previously remarka...

Description

Accelerat ing t he world's research.

Project report on development of automated rain operated wiper Purnank Gogarkar

Related papers

Download a PDF Pack of t he best relat ed papers 

AUT OMAT IC ROOM LIGHT CONT ROLLER WIT H VISIT OR COUNT ER Joseph Ashley Driver less car cont rolled using gsm Afnan Khan Jyo gopi krishna

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

1. Introduction

Over the past two decades, the automotive industry has aggressively researched ways to exploit modern computing and electronic advances in the development of safety, reliability, an entertainment technology for vehicles. Previously remarkable and uncommon features such as auto dimming mirrors and rear-view cameras have become standard in the modern era. Today consumers expect their automobiles to be able to connect to their MP3 players, provide GPS-assisted visual directions, and allow hands-free phone calls via Bluetooth technology. While these features have improved the driving experience for many, they also imply the increasingly common interaction between driver and electronic gadgetry during vehicle operation. These interactions can be a dangerous distraction for the driver, who must take his/her eyes off the road to attend to a device. In recent days the whole concept of making cars has change the companies are shifting towards providing more and comfort to their customers. The invention of wiper dates from1903 in which brushes were used to clear the moisture dust in the windshield. In most of the cars, the windshield is operated manually and the speed of the wiper blades should Controlled manually. The working of the wiper is based on conversion of the wiper motors linear motion into linear back forth motion. Inside the motor/gear assembly is the electronic circuit senses when the wiper are in their down position. One system designed for vision aid in windshield assembly. A circuit for a windshield wiper motor is developed in which wiper motor is made automatically responsive to the presence water droplets on the windshield causing the wiper blades sweep back and forth at a rate dependent upon the level of precipitation encountered. In this project, design and working Windshield wiper speed control will be discussed taking into account the recent challenges in the windshield assembly. 2

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

Figure 1.1: Schematic diagram of Automatic Wiper

A control circuit for windshield wiper motor is developed in which the wiper motor is automatically responsive to the presence of moisture droplets on the grid sensor. Grid sensor can be used in various types such as Conductive, Capacitive, Piezo-electric and optical. In this project design and working of windshield wiper speed control will be discussed taking into account the recent challenges in the windshield wiper assembly. The system uses capacitive type sensors to detect rain and its intensity. The ADC in the controller detects sensors input and give the signal to the driver circuit. The motor drive actuates the motor to run at high speed or low speed based on amount of rain detected. Existing system manually used control stalk to activate wiper and the process of pulling up wiper is difficult to be handled. The driver needs to switch on and off the control stalk and it will reduce the driver’s concentration during the driving. This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. Now a day’s almost all the automobile vehicles are being atomized in order to reduce human efforts. Thus, this system is proposed to solve all these problems.

3

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

2. Literature Review In this project, there were different innovations reviewed as the literature review. They were designed with different concept and operating mechanism however with same objective of working principle of the car wiper. For the working of the automatic wipers, the sensing of rain intensity must be provided. The different methods for sensing the rain water are as follows: Table 2.1: Literature Review

Sr. No. 1.

2.

3.

Literature

Author

Automatic Wiper Controller using

Hideki Kajioka, Keiji

Optical Sensor

Fujimura

Capacitive Rain Sensor for

Design Team 6 : Eric

Automatic Wiper Control

Alexander Otte

Implementation of Automatic Wiper

Thet KoKo, ZawMyo Tun

Speed Control using Fuzzy Logic

Year

1989

-

2015

2.1 Optical Method: Optical sensors utilize light and the principle of total internal refraction within the windshield. The optical sensor consists of a light source, a light detector and an optical assembly. The optical assembly consists of two lenses and a light guides

[2].

A beam of light is directed

through the optical assembly to the windshields, the light is trapped within the glass due to total internal refraction. The light reflect from the outside surface of the glass back to the inside surface of the windshield glass until it is picked up by the second optical assembly. If 5

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

rain falls on the windshield within the sensing area, light is directed by the water droplet in the other direction opposite to the optical assembly as shown in figure 2. This causes a corresponding reduction in the light intensity falling on the second optical assembly. The microprocessor is used to distinguish between different amounts of rain and to provide the best wiping method. So the Optical sensors are reliable and effective detectors of rain. By using the suitable rain sensing methods it is possible to develop the automatic wipers. These are by far the most common method, and the one currently employed by Hyundai vehicles [2]. The complete development of optical wiper system is explained in the paper “Automatic Wiper Controller Using Optical Sensor” published by “H. Kajioka”

[2].

According to this

paper, the basic components used are: 1. Optical Rain Sensor 2. Controller The working of the controller is based on three major functions

2.1.1 Types of Functions: 2.1.1.1 Semi-automatic Function: When the wiper switch is set to the intermittent position, then wiper moves once, then moves at intervals automatically controlled. 2.1.1.2 Washer Interlock Function: When the washer switch is turned on, the wiper moves, when it is turned off, the wiper will stop after two wiping cycles. 2.1.1.3 Failsafe Function: It is assured that the wiper operates at 6 second when the rain drop detection function is disabled because the sensing beam is completely blocked by the dust, snow or other matters stuck to the sensor.

Figure 2.1: Reflection phenomenon in optical sensor

6

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

From the literature review, it is found that the disadvantage of these products is expensive and else sensitive when the beam is disturbed. This system used the light beam to sense the water hitting. Further, these products were suitable for the country with four seasons and not suitable for the country with hot and climate weathers [7].

2.2 Conductive Method: This method uses a sensor, which consists of two sets of contacts separated by an insulator. When water falls on the sensor, the water conducts the signal and completes the circuit [7]. Then it sends the signals to the next unit to operate the wiper motor. This system has some fundamental problems; the sensors used here are prone to oxidization and become unusable. Also the dirt can foul the sensors. So it is very difficult to design such sensors [7].

2.3 Piezoelectric Method: This method uses a piezo crystal element. While Rain falls on the windscreen generates the sound waves at a certain frequency. These waves are transmitted through and across the windscreen as shown in figure 3. The piezo crystal senses the sound waves, and also compares them with the other noises caused due to wind, dust, etc. this crystal responds only to the sound waves due to rain [7]. Again this system is susceptible to false triggering.

Figure 2.2: Transmission through Piezoelectric sensor

7

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

From the literature review, it is found that the disadvantage of these products is that they are expensive and sensitive to interferences. Hence, this project proposed to use capacitive sensor and a microcontroller to be used to execute the function of this system. By using Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) microcontroller, the controller can be programmed using C language or assembly language [7].

2.4 Capacitive Method: A Capacitive Sensor works by emitting an electric field which can pass through the glass to interact with objects resting on it. Because water and other objects such as dirt or rocks interfere with the electric field in very different ways, the sensor will be less likely to be fooled if designed correctly [1],[7].

Figure 2.3: Capacitive detection

The complete development of optical wiper system is explained in the paper “Capacitive Rain Sensor For Automatic Wiper Control” published by “Design Team 6, Hyundai Kia Motors”. The basic components used in this paper are as follows:

2.4.1 Capacitance Monitoring Circuitry: Analog Devices AD7745: The AD7745 interfaces with both the capacitive sensor traces and the PIC microcontroller processor. Its primary role is to sample the changing capacitance of the sensor traces and output that data as a digital signal to the microcontroller for processing [1].

8

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

2.4.2 Microcontroller: Microchip PIC18F4520/PIC16F1826: It is responsible for configuring the AD7745 into the correct operating state, polling it for capacitive and other data, and interpreting that data by comparing it to known capacitance values gained through extensive testing of the device [1]. If the incoming capacitive data falls into a certain range over a certain number of samples, the PIC will output a signal instructing the wipers to engage. Furthermore, the PIC can differentiate between varying levels of rain to adjust the speed of the wipers, and prevent false positives by ignoring capacitance values outside the range of rain [1].

2.4.3 Capacitive Sensor Traces Custom Design: The capacitive sensor trace layout is critical to the performance of the capacitive sensor system. The shape and spacing of the two traces forming the capacitive sensor are directly related to the electric field lines produced when the excitation voltage is applied. As the rain to be detected is present through 6 – 8 mm of glass, the sensor traces should be designed as to maximize the fringing fields away from the plane of the PCB

[1].

Glass has a relatively high

dielectric constant of around 4.5, allowing easy transmission of electric fields through it. Nonetheless, 6 – 8 mm is a very large distance away from the sensor traces to have to measure, as most capacitive touch screens have an overlay thickness of only 1 – 2 mm as shown in below figure 5. The software COMSOL was used to model a variety of different sensor layout designs, where parameters such as trace patterns, conductor width, conductor spacing [1].

Figure 2.4: Trace layout of capacitive sensor

9

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

2.4.4 Voltage Regulator: Analog Devices ADP3301-5: In a vehicle, the typical battery voltage can range from 11 – 13.5 V depending on the strength of the battery and the operating state of the vehicle and the alternator. Both the AD7745 and PIC microcontroller require 5 V DC for operation, so a reliable voltage regulator was required to scale the vehicle power supply voltage to 5V [1]. The Analog Devices ADP3301-5 is a linear voltage regulator which can accept up to 14 V of input voltage, and outputs a preset 5 V DC. It can source up to 100 mA of current, more than enough for the entire device [1].

10

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

3. Problem Definition 3.1 Problem Statement:  Manual Handling: The manual handling of the current wiper systems cause trouble to the driver while driving in tough situations like heavy rainfall or during foggy conditions. In these conditions it becomes uncomfortable or inconvenient for the driver to switch the wiper ON and OFF again and again.

 Switching of Wiper: The switching of wiper can cause distraction while driving which can lead to accidents on highways or sharp turns if precautions are not taken. Current systems require the driver to switch the wiper according to need.

 Speed Control: During rainfall with changing intensity or stormy conditions, there is need to change the speed of wiper according to the requirement. Current systems require manual speed control which can again cause trouble during driving.

12

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

4. Objectives This project aims to develop an Automated Rain Operated System taking the following objectives:   



To dispense with troublesome wiper operation needed when rainfall condition change or driving condition change, including the car speed and entry to or exit from tunnels. To operate the wiper with response to changing rainfall or driving conditions, thus keeping the driver’s windshield clear. To implement a control system this reduces human efforts.



To increase automation in vehicle driving system.



To minimize rates of accident caused by distraction in driving.

 

To achieve high safety by reducing the driver’s work load.

To make the system easy to install. To develop a cheaper automated system that can be integrated easily.

14

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

5. Methodology 5.1 Project Plan: For the development of the Automated Rain Operated Wiper, the following plan is to be followed: 1. Research for the Components required for the Project. 2. Cost Estimation of the Components. 3. Selection of the Best Method. 4. Purchasing of the Components. 5. Fabrication of Mechanical Model. 6. Development of Electrical Circuit. 7. Burning of Program. 8. Analyzing the Working of the Project. 9. Reducing the Errors.

5.1.1 Research for Components: Different literatures and technical papers were reviewed to collect the list of the components required to develop an automatic wiper system according to our requirement. Major components that are required to develop an automatic wiper system are wiper motor, sensor unit and microcontroller unit.

16

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

5.1.2 Cost Estimation: For the cost estimation of the project, various garages, motor spare parts stores and electronic stores were visited and cost estimation of each component is mentioned in Table 5.1 and 5.2

 Chander Car Spares:

ADD: Kalyan Ambernath Road, Near Ailsinghani Chambers, Section – 17, Ulhasnagar 421003. 

Ambika Car Parts:

ADD: Kalyan Ambernath Road, Near Ailsinghani Chambers, Section – 17, Ulhasnagar 421003. Table 5.1: Cost comparison of Motor components

Component

Company

Wiper Motor Wiper Motor Linkage Blades Blades

Cost ₹825 ₹650 ₹425 ₹300 ₹150

Santro Varroc Assy. Santro Auto Blade

Table 5.2: Cost estimation of Electronic components

Components

Cost ₹60 - ₹360 ₹550 - ₹700 ₹50-₹250 ₹200 - ₹450 ₹100 - ₹500 ₹3 per piece ₹25 per piece ₹1 per piece ₹1 per piece

Pic Microcontroller Arduino Uno Microcontroller P8051AH Stepper Motor Sensors NPN Transistors Relay 9V Diodes Resistances

5.1.3 Selection of Best Method: As the condition for our project is to develop an automatic wiper system which is cheap, reliable and easy to control, conductive method supports all our requirements.

17

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

5.1.4 Components: The components used in the project are shown in the table below. The detailed explanation of the components is given in Chapter-6. Table 5.3: Components

Mechanical Components

Model

Wiper Motor

Varroc Company WIPR-AUTO24-AA52

Wiper Blade

Auto Blade

Glass

Normal Electrical Components

Description

Voltage Regulator

1x7805 Model

Step-Down Transformer

1x12V

Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Silicon Diode

Low Pass Filter

Red - Green

LED

Red - Green

Microcontroller

Intel P8051AH

Resistors

330-110Ω

Disc Capacitor

Quartz

Relay

9V-12V

NPN Transistor

IN4007

Crystal

1x11.059MHz

5.1.5 Fabrication of Mechanical Model: The mechanical model of a windshield to demonstrate the working of an automatic wiper system is developed. The detailed explanation of the procedures and processes involved in fabrication is given in Chapter-7.

5.1.6 Development of Electrical Circuit: The main part of the project is to develop the electrical circuit according to the requirement. The detailed explanation of the procedures and processes involved in development and design of electrical circuit is explained in Chapter-8.

18

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

5.1.7 Burning of Program: As in this project microcontroller is to be used, burning of the program in microcontroller becomes an important step. Since microcontroller 8051 is to be used it requires certain hardware device for mounting and burning program through computer. The detailed explanation of the procedure and steps to burn program is explained in Chapter-9.

5.1.8 Analyzing Project: This is the process where we check whether our project is working according to the design and requirement and then test the operation of all the components used in project.

5.1.9 Reducing Errors: This is the process if in case there occurs any error due to design or electrical components then rectify the errors by finding the cause and check the working again.

19

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

6. Components 6.1 Mechanical Components: 6.1.1 Wiper Motor – AUTO24-AA52 : The motor used is of Varroc Company WIPR-AUTO24-AA52 Modified Auto wiper motor. It takes a lot of force to accelerate the wiper blades back and forth across the windshield so quickly. In order to generate this type of force, a worm gear is used on the output of a small electric motor. The worm gear reduction can multiply the torque of the motor by about 50 times, while slowing the output speed of the electric motor by 50 times as well. The output of the gear reduction operates a linkage that moves the wipers back and forth.

Figure 6.1: Wiper motor with Gear housing

21

Development of Automated Rain Operated Wiper

Inside the motor/gear assembly is an electronic circuit that senses when the wipers are in their down position. The circuit maintains power to the wipers until they are parked at the bottom of the windshield and then cuts the power to the motor. This circuit also parks the wipers between wipes when...