prostis and fungi PDF

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prostis and fungi...

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Briefly, compare sexual and asexual reproduction.

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Introduction

Sexual production is when two individual organisms produce offspring through the process of meiosis hence the offspring inherit genetic traits from both parents. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, occurs when a single organism creates genetically identical offspring through the process of mitosis. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are possible for Perfect Fungi. Fungi create spores that float through the air or bind to an animal and leave the parent organism. In contrast to plant seeds, these spores are tiny and light. Sex is a eukaryote-specific genetic recombination mechanism in which diploid nuclei undergo meiosis to yield haploid nuclei, followed by karyogamy, a step in which two haploid nuclei fuse together to form a diploid zygote nucleus (Rye et al., 2016).

What are the evolutionary advantages for an organism to reproduce both asexually and

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sexually?

The climate is one of the most important factors that influence how species like perfect fungi reproduce. According to Wikipedia.org, asexual reproduction is used when environmental conditions are favorable. These species turn to sexual modes of reproduction when the environment becomes hostile (Wikipedia contributors. 2021).

The evolutionary benefits of sexual reproduction include:

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As a result of the genetic variation in their offspring,

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The species may adapt to new conditions, giving them a survival advantage.

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A disease has a lower probability of affecting anyone in a population.

The following are some of the benefits of asexual reproduction:

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When conditions are favorable, the population can grow quickly because only one parent is required; it is more time and energy efficient

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It does not need a mate.( A single parent is needed)

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Asexual reproduction is faster than sexual reproduction (They are not reliant on the intricacies of sexual reproduction).

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Describe the reproductive cycle of the organism you have selected.

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How does this organism use both forms of reproduction as an adaptation?

Fungi, as mentioned in the introduction, excrete massive amounts of spores, allowing them to grow in a variety of environments.

The most common mode of asexual reproduction is through the creation of asexual spores, which are formed by one parent only and are genetically identical to that parent. This helps the fungi to grow in number and colonize new habitats. Mitosis, in essence, releases spores, which germinate and produce new identical cells (Rye et al., 2016). Two forms of mating are formed during sexual reproduction. In fungi, sexual reproduction occurs in three stages: plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis. Essentially, two haploid cells join to form a single cell, then the haploid nuclei combine to form a diploid zygote nucleus, and eventually, meiosis occurs (Rye et al., 2016).

Fungi have the ability to expand even in conditions with a high negative water potential. Fungi can also withstand extreme temperatures, ranging from very cold to very hot. The ability of fungal to thrive in a variety of conditions is due to their ability to assimilate carbon from the surrounding atmosphere using metabolic enzymes. “All fungal pathogens must possess systems for sensing and responding to changes in abiotic factors during colonization of human hosts” (Cooney, N.M. & Klein, B.S.). Fungi come in a variety of forms; some are dangerous to humans, while others are essential to the environment's ecology. These fungi help the environment by decomposing essential particles. Some fungi provide nutrients to humans, such as mushrooms, which we consume on a regular basis. Other spores, on the other hand, are poisonous if eaten. Conclusion. To summarize, fungi are a fascinating and peculiar organism that require extensive research to fully comprehend their structures, both for imperfect and perfect fungi.

References. Bailey, R. Common Types of Asexual Reproduction. ThoughtCo. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/asexual-reproduction-373441 Cooney, N.M. & Klein, B.S. Fungal Adaptation to the Mammalian Host: It’s a New World, After All. NCBI. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2643043/

Rye, C., Wise, R., Jurukivski, V., DeSaix, J., Choi, J., & Avissar, Y. (2016). Biology. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, April 25). Reproduction. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21:46, April 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Reproduction&oldid=1019858042

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