PSY1101 – Depth Perception PDF

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PSY1101 – Depth Perception Depth Perception - this is the ability to see objects in 3D although the images that strike the retina are 2D; allows us to judge distance - Gibson and Walk discovered in 1960 using a model of a cliff with a drop off area covered by glass o Visual cliff: a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals o They used 6-14 month old infants, most did not want to cross over the glass indicating they could perceive depth Binocular Cues - these are depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of 2 eyes - when you only have 1 eye focusing on the object it becomes more difficult - eyes are 2.5 inches apart, retinas receive different images of the world and the brain compares these two images to determine depth - retinal disparity: a binocular cue for perceiving depth, the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity between the two images the closer the object - 3D movies use 2 cameras to create retinal disparity when wearing the 3D glasses (L eye sees L camera film and R eye sees R camera film) Monocular Cues - these are depth cues, that allow us to differentiate whether a person is 10 or 100 meters away from us, these are available to each eye separately - examples: o relative height – we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away o relative motion – as we move stable objects appear to also move o relative size – you perceive the object that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away o linear perspective – the sharper the angle of convergence, the greater the perceived distance o interposition – if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer o light and shadow – shading produces depth Motion Perception - usually the mind perceives shrinking objects retreating and enlarging objects approaching - we are imperfect at this - our brain perceives a rapid series of slightly varying images as continuous movements (stroboscopic movement) - phi phenomenon: an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession...