PSY355-RS-Conception Birthandthe Newborn Worksheet PDF

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PSY-355-Child and Adolescent Psychology Conception, Birth, and the Newborn Worksheet Part 1 Directions: Provide a 25- to 50- word summary of development during each of the prenatal stages listed below. 1 Month: During this time period, the growth is very rapid and is a critical time in the baby’s development (Martorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014). The baby at the end of this period will be about a half of an inch, have blood flowing, and a beating heart while the brain, kidneys, liver, and digestive tract are developing (Martorell et al., 2014). 7 Weeks: The fetus is less than one inch long and weighs about less than one ounce (Martorell et al., 2014). The fetus’s head becomes bigger than its body, and begins to develop hands, fingers, knees, and ankles (Martorell et al., 2014). The stomach begins producing digestive juices, blood cells, and sex organs (Martorell et al., 2014). 3 Months: The fetus is about one-third of its full size, starts to weigh one ounce and, the sex of the child is easily identifiable (Martorell et al., 2014). Reflexes are starting to develop when interaction is initiated and the fetus has now developed fingernails, toenails, eyelids, and lips (Martorell et al., 2014). 4 Months: By the four month mark the body begins catching up with the head, becomes about the same proportion it will be at birth and grows between eight to ten inches and six ounces (Martorell et al., 2014). The placenta is fully developed, and reflexes become more prominent (Martorell et al., 2014). 5 Months: The fetus weighs around 1 pound and personality begins to develop. Kicking, stretching, squirming, and hiccupping are now a part of the fetus activity (Martorell et al., 2014). Hair has started to develop (lanugo) (Martorell et al., 2014). If the baby is born around this time it does not usually survive due to its underdeveloped respiratory system (Martorell et al., 2014). 6 Months: Growth begins to slow down at this rate and by this time, the fetus is about fourteen inches long and a little over one pound (Martorell et al., 2014). In this specific month, eyes are developed and capable of opening, closing, and looking around (Martorell et al., 2014). 7 Months: The fetus is now about 16 inches long and weighs 3-5 pounds with fully developed reflexes are capable of crying, breathing, and swallowing (Martorell et al., 2014). Sucking one’s thumb and reflex patterns begin to develop (Martorell et al., 2014). If the baby is born during this time it is able to survive if given intense medical attention (Martorell et al., 2014).

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8 Months: The fetus is around 18 to 20 inches long and weighs between 5 and 7 pounds (Martorell et al., 2014). A layer of fat develops over the fetus’s entire body, which will enable it to adjust to varying temperatures outside the womb (Martorell et al., 2014). 9 Months/Newborn: The fetus stops growth around this time and has reached about seven pounds and twenty inches in length (Martorell et al., 2014). Fat pads continue to grow, and organs are operating more efficiently (Martorell et al., 2014). The heart rate increases as the fetus loses its reddish tone, and more waste is expelled through the umbilical cord (Martorell et al., 2014). Part 2 Directions: Write a 150- to 300- word response to each of the following questions; include any references and APA citations in your answer: 1. What is a teratogen? How does it affect normal prenatal development? Provide at least two examples to support your response. A teratogen is an outside environmental factor that can interfere with the development of a fetus during pregnancy. The way it affects a normal pregnancy is by causing developmental issues during the prenatal period. In some cases, it can even result in death of the unborn fetus. An example of a teratogen affecting a fetus is if the mother has a maternal illness. If the mother of the fetus has the HIV virus, then the child is more likely to be susceptible to the disease. Another example of how a teratogen can affect an unborn fetus is how drug intake during a pregnancy can cause issues for the unborn. If a mother were to be ingesting methamphetamines during a pregnancy, the child can come out of the womb underdeveloped and can have many medical complications that affect the vital organs. (Martorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014). As a whole, not all fetuses are affected by teratogen, but some are, and it can come from things as easy as smoking, drinking, drugs, and/or sickness during pregnancy (Martorell et al., 2014, p. 101 & 102). 2. What are the differences in the roles of mothers and fathers in bonding with a newborn? How can a father be an active participant in raising a newborn? When a child is first born, it is typically introduced to its mother right away. From the moment of birth, a mother-infant bond is developed. A mother- infant bond is the mother’s sense of closeness and connection towards the newborn, whether that is from providing physical needs or giving a sense of love and care toward the child (Martorell et al., 2014). While a newborn tends to develop a strong attachment towards the mother as it is first born due to the resources and care she gives, a father can also develop the same attachment, usually depending on how the mother and father’s relationship are. The father can easily impact a newborn by the emotions he goes through while experiencing his child for the first time. (Martorell et al., 2014, p. 138). From grasping the father’s finger to the father holding and interacting with the child, the overall involvement a father has in his child’s life builds the different types of attachment, as seen with mothers as well (Martorell et al., 2014). While mothers are typically the primary caregivers to a newborn child due to the resources and nurture she gives, a father creates a bond that is more physical and based on interaction. As a whole, a father being constantly involved and creating © 2015. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

positive influences within his child’s life are more likely to build a stronger influence and impact on physical, cognitive, and social development (Martorell et al., 2014, p. 139).

References: Martorell, G., Papalia, D. E., & Feldman, R. D. (2014). A child’s world: Infancy through adolescence (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education

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