PSYC001 Lecture 4 (9-8-15) PDF

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Professor Andrew Ward...

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PSYC001 Notes

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Motivation o What drives people? o Homestasis (stable equilibrium) 

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E.g., pH, temperature

Eating o 1960s: Schachter’s externality hypothesis 

“Obese” sensitive to external eating cues

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More of an effect than cause?

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Non-obese can be “externals” too

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Environment can affect lots of us: Wansink

o We don’t really know when we are full 

Much less taste sensitive than we think we are

o Cues can control diet 

Using smaller plates/bowls

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Use chopsticks

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Slow down the pace of eating

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Use long, skinny glasses as opposed to shorter, wider glasses

o Actually, environment can affect lots of us: 

Unit bias: Rozin 

Eat in whatever “units” we are served o Smaller units = less food taken

o 1970s: Nisbett’s setpoint hypothesis 

Obese individuals are starving 

Activates starvation mode o Metabolism slows, appetite goes up

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Today: more of a set range

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Losing weight: Andrew’s Rule of Two 

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You have to do two things: diet and exercise or limiting fats and carbohydrates or weight training and aerobic exercise

Fsfsh

o 1980s Herman’s Restraint theory 

psychology > biology

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Rozin (1998): Amnesac eats 3 lunches

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“Disinhibit” restrained eaters with caloric preload, emotion, and/or alcohol?

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How about simple distraction? 

Collaboration with Traci Mann

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Restrained Eaters (prescreened): Conflict o Pressures to inhibit eating – diet rules, high calorie food o Pressures to eat – hunger, salient food, tasty food

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Unrestrained Eaters o Pressures to eat – hunger, salient food, tasty food

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Predictions o RE: Eat more under load, UE: wont eat more

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Body Dissatisfaction o Common findings 

Women: current shape> opposite sex’s ideals > own ideals

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Men: current shape = opposite sex’s ideals = own ideals

o Accuracy: both wrong – women prefer lighter men than men thinks, and men prefer heavier women than women think 

Easting Disorders o Anorexia – DSM-5 criteria:

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Significantly low body weight

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Fear of weight gain

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Body dysmorphia

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0.5-1% (mainly college age), > 90% female

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> 10% death rate

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Causes: 

Biological – high concordance rates

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Cultural – western middle class

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Personality – perfectionist

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Social – family dysfunction

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Bio-social synthesis: no clear, distinct identity

o Bulimia 

Lot of food & lack of control

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Inappropriate compensatory behavior

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Once a week for 3 months

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Self-eval. Depends on body shape/weight

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Not anorexia

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4-8% of female population

o Binge Eating Disorder

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3.5% of men, 2% of men

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uncontrolled, once a week

Study: Mann and others (1997) o Assess eating disorder panel o Recovered Stanford students talk to peers o Increased eating disorder symptoms 4 weeks later o May normalize by not “stigmatizing”

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Already at risk: Don’t stigmatize

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Not at risk: Don’t normalize...