PSYC1001 Quiz Answers PDF

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PSYC1001 Quiz Answers Week 1 Introduction to Psychology Answers 1. ‘Anything that cannot be observed and measured directly is not worth studying.' Which psychologists are most likely to agree with this statement? a. Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson b. John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner c. William James and Wilhelm Wundt d. Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg

2. Behavioural researchers like Skinner believe that the ___________ of a behaviour is much more important than it's ___________. a. form; topography b. function; form c. evaluation; function d. function; consequence

3. Psychology is best defined as the a. search for the most successful treatment for people with emotional, cognitive or neurological disorders. b. use of scientific methods to study the elements of human consciousness. c. study of the human experience from birth to old age. d. science of behaviour and mental processes.

4. Scientific psychology is empirical because it relies on information from a. research studies. b. deductive reasoning. c. reflection. d. mathematical proofs.

5. The modern age of psychology began when a. Sigmund Freud first uttered the phrase, ‘Tell me about your dreams.' b. B. F. Skinner used shaping to teach birds to play ping pong. c. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology research laboratory at the University of Leipzig. d. Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate at the tone of a bell.

6. The process of observing your own mental processing, as pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt, is known as a. b. c. d.

introspection. meditation. philosophy. imagination.

7. Tim is telling his parents about his classes this semester. He tries to explain what his Introductory Psychology class is all about. Tim can best describe psychology as the study of a. disorders and therapies. b. behaviour and mental processes. c. motivation and emotion. d. rats in mazes.

Week 1-3 Developmental Psychology Answers 1. According to Piaget, the end of the sensorimotor stage is marked by a. the disappearance of egocentrism. b. mastery of conservation tasks. c. the appearance of logical thought. d. the ability to form mental representations.

2. A child sees a piece of bread go down in a toaster, then turns away believing it no longer exists. According to Piaget, this child has not yet achieved ___________ and is in the ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. object permanence; sensorimotor b. object permanence; preoperational c. conservation; concrete operational d. conservation; formal operational

3. Agatha is a graduate student studying behavioural genetics. In other words, she is most likely learning about a. the characteristics of a single individual rather than differences between individuals. b. how hereditary factors cause behaviours and traits, independent of environment. c. how genes and the environment influence specific aspects of development. d. how children learn about the world independent of instructions from adults.

4. A researcher is worried that changes in the early education curriculum might account for the age-related differences in socio-emotional skills that she is seeing in her study of 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds and 8-year olds. She is worried about a _______ effect. a. generational b. practice c. cohort d. developmental

5. Bowlby believed that children who had secure attachment patterns were more likely to have better relationships and seek less attention because they a. developed internal working models for positive interactions. b. operated at a post-conventional level of reasoning. c. learned the skills of resilience. d. implicitly enhanced their dialectical thinking. 6. Children with fetal alcohol syndrome typically present with a unique pattern of facial dysmorphology. These changes to facial structure mostly likely occur due to alcohol exposure during which period of prenatal development? a. germinal b. fetal c. embryonic d. 2nd trimester 7. Cohort effects are a problem for __________ designs a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional

8. Developmental psychology is best defined as the study of a. children's thought processes and moral reasoning. b. the physical changes that occur in the womb and during the childhood years. c. the social, cognitive and physical changes that occur over the course of the life span. d. the influence of genes on the behaviour of infants, children, adolescents and adults. 9. ___________effects are seen when participants of different ages might differ in how they perform on a test, because of some other variable, other than age. a. generational b. practice c. cohort d. developmental

10. ___________ effects are seen when the results of a study might not be able to be generalised simply because of how long the longitudinal design took to run a. generational b. practice c. cohort d. developmental

11. Federico and Nate are debating on how to best study the cognitive activities of children. Federico subscribes to Piaget's approach, which focuses on sudden qualitative advances. Nate disagrees, contending that the information processing approach is superior, because it focuses on a. gradual qualitative changes. b. sudden quantitative advances. c. sudden qualitative changes too. d. gradual quantitative advances. 12. Generational effects are a problem for _______ designs a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional

13. Harlow's studies with the two artificial mothers concluded that a. infant monkeys were motivated by the need for contact and comfort. b. females isolated at birth from all social contact still develop into good mothers. c. infant monkeys are more attached to caregivers who provide food than to caregivers who provide comfort. d. monkeys were able to successfully overcome maternal separation and long-term social isolation.

14. Harry is in university and is asked to imagine what the world would be like if humans had never invented the wheel. According to Piaget, if Harry is able to think abstractly about this problem, Harry is in the ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. concrete operational c. preoperational d. formal operational

15. Infant Izzie is most likely to stare at a. her mother's face. b. the dainty pastel flowers in the wallpaper in her room. c. the fuzzy, all-white bunny in her crib. d. the life-size teddy bear sitting across the room.

16. In relation to pre-term birth, we say that the limit of viability is currently 24 weeks gestation. This is because.... a. The major organs are fully functional by then b. when born at 24 weeks there is a 50/50 chance of survival c. infants begin to hear the outside world and respond to light at 24 weeks d. all of the infants born at 24 weeks survive

17. Jean Piaget explained that people form generalisations as they experience the world, which help them to organise past experiences and provide a framework for understanding future experiences. These generalisations are called a. scripts. b. periods. c. schemas. d. stages.

18. Jeff, a toddler, has malformations on his face, including his nose and upper lip. He also has been diagnosed with an intellectual disability. Jeff's condition was most likely caused by his mother ___________ while she was pregnant. a. contracting rubella b. smoking heavily c. using cocaine d. abusing alcohol

19. Little Susie wants a cup of milk, so tells her sister ‘Cup, milk, want'. Little Susie is probably in the ___________ period of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. operational c. formal d. preoperational

20. Little Tara is having lots of fun exploring her aunt's home while her mum and aunt are talking. She crawls into other rooms for brief periods and then makes her way back to her mum. Tara may climb into her mum's lap for a while, but it isn't long until she is off exploring some other room. Tara is exhibiting a. infant hyperactivity. b. an insecure attachment. c. a secure attachment. d. sensorimotor play.

21. Margarite is going to have a baby. Dr Cortez tells her that there is a critical period in which her baby's organs and limbs must grow or else they never will. Which stage of prenatal development is Dr Cortez describing? a. Zygote b. Embryonic c. Foetal d. Gestational

22. Mehmet thinks that his teddy bear will be very sad when he leaves for a week on a holiday. He thinks that it might even get sick because he will not be there to care for it. According to Piaget, Mehmet is most likely in the ___________ stage and is displaying ___________. a. sensorimotor; animism b. preoperational; egocentrism c. sensorimotor; egocentrism d. preoperational; animism 23. Olivier Pascalis used a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in the studies of the "other species effect" that we talked about in class. The primary advantage of using a longitudinal design is... a. the ability to make claims about age-related differences rather than just age-related changes b. the ability to manipulate experiences that the infant has between testing time 1 and testing time 2 c. the ability to look at development within an individual over time and draw conclusions about age-related change d. the ability to compare groups of infants growing up in different face environments to see how their brain is shaped differently by experience 24. Pascalis et al., (2005) used a longitudinal design to show that 9-month-old infants who had looked at pictures of monkey faces at home between 6- and 9 months could discriminate between different monkeys, but infants who had not looked at pictures at home, could not. This suggests that ____________ may be the mechanism that is driving the perceptual narrowing effect. a. maturation b. experience c. biology d. development

25. Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development is marked by the first appearance of the ability to a. conserve number and amount. b. engage in abstract, hypothetical thinking. c. form mental representations. d. perform logical operations.

26. Rachel can sort objects by size or colour and can solve simple addition and subtraction problems. However, she cannot think logically about abstract ideas such as freedom and justice. Rachel is most likely in Piaget's ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational

27. Recent studies indicate that many people have never developed beyond the stage of concrete operational thought. Which of the following statements lends support to this hypothesis? a. Many university students feel unprepared to select a career. b. Many day-to-day tasks require only concrete operational skill levels. c. Many adults are unable to solve problems requiring abstract reasoning skills. d. There is a wide variation regarding when people can solve conservation problems. 28. Researchers from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Study found that the combination of a particular genetic predisposition and stress during adolescence, increases participants' risk for developing depression in adulthood. Critics might question the relevance of the results, given that the kind of stressors experienced by today's youth differ so much from the kinds of stressors experienced by the participants in the 1980s. This is an example of a _________________ effect. a. generational b. practice c. cohort d. developmental 29. Research exploring gene x environment interactions has shown that the low version of the MAOA gene only conveys an increased risk of developing conduct disorder if... a. the gene is expressed b. the child is formula fed c. the child experiences severe maltreatment d. the child grows up in a stressful environment

30. Travis is in Piaget's concrete operations stage of development. Accordingly, Travis has recently learned to a. understand, create and use symbols that represent things that are not present. b. take in new information about objects by using existing schemas. c. understand conservation, add, subtract and measure. d. engage in hypothetical thinking and abstract reasoning.

31. Which of the following type of twins share as much genetic material with each other as they do with their other siblings? a. monozygotic b. dizygotic c. fraternal d. identical

32. You are a contestant on a new game show, Psychologise! You select a question on attachment and the host asks you to complete the following: As an infant, Bernard's attachment is described as inconsistent, disturbed and disturbing. You conclude that Bernard has a(n) ___________ attachment behaviour. a. avoidant b. secure c. disorganised d. ambivalent 33. Zika virus is the "new teratogen on the block". Children who are prenatally exposed to Zika often present with.... a. growth retardation b. macrocephaly c. microcephaly d. blindness

Week 3-5 Social Psychology Answers 1. According to Milgram's obedience to authority studies, which of the following people is least likely to obey? a. Abraham, who has an authoritarian personality b. Bradley, who participates with someone who refuses to continue with the experiment c. Charlie, who participates in the experiment at a prestigious university d. Dominick, who has an external locus of control

2. According to the evolutionary approach, aggression a. is an instinctive biological urge. b. reflects mostly environmental influences. c. presupposes the existence of frustration. d. once helped people compete for mates.

3. A saleswoman visited Kassandra and told her about a great new vacuum that cost $100. Kassandra filled out the paperwork to buy the vacuum and the salesperson went out to the car to get the machine she had purchased, but returned with a different vacuum. The saleswoman explained that she was all out of the $100 vacuums and had only the $120 dollar vacuums. What technique did she use to gain compliance? a. Foot-in-the-door b. Door-in-the-face c. Low-ball d. Cost-benefit

4. Attribution theory is principally concerned with the a. influence of the presence of others on performance. b. process of explaining the causes of people's behaviour. c. process of forming impressions of others. d. comparison of ourselves with those around us.

5. Barry received an A on his first group project. He believes this grade is the result of his superior intelligence and hard work. He received a D on his second group project and he attributes this grade to the other group members' poor work and stupidity. What attributional error is Barry demonstrating? a. The fundamental attribution error b. A self-serving bias c. The actor-observer effect d. Unrealistic optimism

6. Beatrice finds that one person working alone can scoop about 100 kilograms of corn kernels per minute. When these people work in groups, each person's output drops to about 80 kilograms per minute. What is this group process called? a. Social interference b. Deindividuation c. Social loafing d. Group polarisation

7. Caleb's Year 5 teacher, Mr Tosi, has just told Caleb to sit down. Although Caleb doesn't want to, he sits down. This is an example of a. conformity. b. compliance. c. private acceptance. d. obedience.

8. High school sweethearts Lindsey and Ryne are very physically and emotionally attracted to each other, but they are going to different colleges next year and decide that they should not commit to their relationship. According to Sternberg's triangular theory, they have ___________ love. a. companionate b. consummate c. fatuous d. romantic

9. In Milgram's original experiment, they estimated no more than ___________ per cent of individuals would reach the highest voltage. a. 2 b. 10 c. 15 d. 16

10. Liberty and Scott have decided that they want to spend the rest of their lives together and plan to get married in June. They have a strong emotional attachment to one another and find each other physically, as well as psychologically, attractive. They have been dating for eight years and are best friends. According to Sternberg's theory, they probably experience ___________ love. a. companionate b. consummate c. compassionate d. romantic

11. Marco believes that it is very important to vote. He finds it difficult to find the time to vote on election day, but he does go to vote. Marco's belief about voting represents the ___________ component of his attitude and his presence at the polls represents the ___________ component of his attitude. a. behavioural; cognitive b. affective; cognitive c. cognitive; behavioural d. affective; behavioural

12. Maxine has been playing the violin for years. On Friday at the school concert, she played better than ever knowing all her friends were watching. Sounds like a classic example of social a. facilitation. b. norms. c. deindividuation. d. acceleration.

13. Randolph is playing badminton, a task he is particularly good at. Soon, a crowd gathers to watch him play. Randolph ends up having one of the best badminton games of his life. His improved performance is a result of social a. ability. b. anxiety. c. facilitation. d. interference.

14. Research has suggested three influential factors to explain why group norms are so powerful. Which of the following is not one of these factors? a. People want to be correct. b. People want others to like and accept them. c. Confirming to group norms are always associated with positive outcomes. d. Conforming to group norms may increase a person's sense of worth.

15. Sabina does not like to drink. At a recent party, however, everyone was drinking and they started to give her a hard time because she wasn't drinking. Because of all the pressure, Sabina decided to drink. Sabina's behaviour is an example of a. compliance. b. social facilitation. c. conformity. d. obedience.

16. Social discrimination is the ___________ component of a prejudiced attitude. a. cognitive b. behavioural c. affective d. evaluative

17. The results of Milgram's obedience studies and of studies of the inhumane acts of Nazi soldiers in war indicate that a. most normal people would not have acted this way under similar conditions. b. most people assume full responsibility for their actions. c. this type of obedience no longer occurs today; it is clearly a thing of the past. d. most people do what authorities tell them to do, even when they have doubts.

18. The three components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love are a. intimacy, support and cohesiveness. b. passion, intimacy and commitment. c. commitment, affection and sexuality. d. companionship, infatuation and passion.

19. Thom is trying to understand the circumstances in which a person is more likely to conform to group influence. He reads your textbook and finds all of the following increase the likelihood of conformity occurring except having a. unanimity in the group. b. an unambiguous and clear situation. c. many people in the majority view. d. little or no minority influence.

20. What is the most serious ethical objection to Milgram's studies on obedience? a. Milgram's results are not replicable outside of the laboratory. b. Experimental procedures should not cause emotional harm to subjects. c. Subjects' actions were governed by the ‘experimental subject role'. d. All participants in the study were male.

21. Which of the following is an example of altruistic behaviour? a. Setting up a scholarship fund for your children for the tax deductions. b. Helping your neighbour cut down a tree, so that the leaves don't blow into your yard anymore. c. Accidentally scaring a bank robber away by screaming when you see her. d. Informing the Environmental Protection Agency that your company is dumping toxic waste into a local river, even though it will jeopardise your job.

22. Which of the following is not a component of an attitude? a. Cognitive b. Biological c. Affective d. Behavioural

23. Your roommate Perry is often cranky. One night you overhear Perry yelling at someone on his cell phone. You conclude that Perry is being h...