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Python Made SimpleFull Beginner’s Guide to Mastering PythonProject SyntaxNumbers in PythonChapter 5: Lists and Tuples and DictionaryPython Lists and Tuples Python DictionariesChapter 6: Input, Output, and ImportCapturing keyboard input using input() Printing to the screen using the print() function ...

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PythonMadeSimple  FullBeginner’sGuidetoMasteringPython      ProjectSyntax

TableofContents(Python)

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Legalnotice AboutthiseBook WhothisebookisFor AboutProjectSyntax FeedbackandQuestions Chapter1:IntroductiontoPython WhyPython? InstallingPython Installationdirectoryandexercisefiles ThePythonshell Installatexteditor Chapter2:HelloWorldandtheBasicsofPython InteractiveProgrammingMode ScriptProgrammingMode PythonIdentifiers ReservedWords Linesandindentation CommentsinPython QuotationinPython BlankLines Chapter3:VariablesandBasicOperatorsinPython TypesofVariablesinPython BasicOperators OperatorsPrecedenceinPython Chapter4:WorkingwithStringsandNumbers StringsinPython

NumbersinPython Chapter5:ListsandTuplesandDictionary PythonListsandTuples PythonDictionaries Chapter6:Input,Output,andImport Capturingkeyboardinputusinginput() Printingtothescreenusingtheprint()function PythonImport Chapter7:DecisionMakingandLooping DecisionmakinginPython LoopsinPython Chapter8:Functionsandfunctionarguments DefiningafunctioninPython Callingafunction Functionarguments Chapter9:FileOperations Openingafile Readingfromafile Writingtoafile Closingafile Pythonfilemethods Chapter10:ConclusionandFurtherReading Furtherlearning

TableofContents(Hacking) 

Legalnotice Aboutthisbook Chapter1|AHacker’sIntroductiontoEthicalHacking TypesofHackers Whybecomeanethicalhacker? Settingupavirtuallab Chapter2|Reconnaissance StagesofReconnaissance 1.PassiveReconnaissanceofaTargetwithNetcraft 2.UsingMaltegoforNetworkReconnaissance Chapter3|Scanning Purposeofthescanningprocess NetworkscanningwithNmap UsingtheNmapScriptingEnginetoscanforvulnerabilities ScanningforvulnerabilitieswithNessus Chapter4|GainingAccess Developinganattackstrategy ExploitingavulnerablewebserverusingPsexecinMetasploit SQLinjectionexploitguidewithGoogleDorkandHavijPro UnderstandingSQLinjection IntroducingGoogleDork CrackingpasswordsusingJohntheRipper Chapter5|MaintainingAccess Whymaintainingaccesstosystemsyouhavealreadyhacked Top5KaliLinuxtoolstousetomaintainaccess 1.PowerSploit

2.Sbd 3.Webshells 4.DNS2TCP 5.Weevely Summaryofpost-exploitationaccess Chapter6|CoveringyourTracks Waystocoveryourtracksafterahack a)Anti-incidentresponse b)Anti-forensicsactions Clearingyourtracksbydeletingeventlogs Coveringyourtracksoveranetwork Chapter7|Gettingstartedwithreal-worldhacking(300)

Legalnotice This book is copyright protected only for personal use. You cannot amend, distribute,sell,use,quoteorparaphraseanypartorthecontentwithinthisbook without the consent of the author or copyright owner. Legal action will be pursuedifthisisbreached. Please note the information contained within this document is for educational and entertainment purposes only. Every attempt has been made to provide accurate, up to date and reliable, complete information. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. Readers acknowledge that the author is not engagingintherenderingoflegal,financial,medicalorprofessionaladvice. Byreadingthisdocument,thereaderagreesthatundernocircumstancesarewe responsibleforanylosses,directorindirect,whichareincurredasaresultofthe useofinformationcontainedwithinthisdocument,including,butnotlimitedto, —errors,omissionsorinaccuracies.

AboutthiseBook Do you feel that the world we live in has been so engulfed in artificial technologythat itis gettingto apoint youcan barelyrelate? Doyou everwish you were a part of those that actually contribute to the development of these technologies butthey seems so complicatedthat you wouldnot know where to start? Well, congratulations on finding a starting point if you are a newbie to programing. There is no better way to start being a part of the solution (as opposedtobeingpart oftheignorantmasses)than bypickingupthisbookand startingtolearntobecomeaprogrammer. At Project Syntax, we are on a mission to equip everyone with the ability to writein computerlanguage tomakethe machinessolve ourproblems withless difficulty. This Python guide adopts a learn-first, then-understand approach to showyoutheincrediblepowerofPython.Thebestwaytolearnisto: 1.

Follow the guide step-by-step in its original chapter order. You willcarry outprogramming exercisestosee howthe code works,thenyouwilllearnwhywetypethecodethewayitis.

2.

Youmustpayattentiontodetailineveryexercise.Whatsetsa goodprogrammer apartfrom alousy oneishow attentivethey aretoeverycharacter,space,andsymbolinthecode.

3.

Make the code run and write your own code based on each example.Use thepointers provided tocreate yourown Python scripts or go online to such sites as StackOverflow or CodeFightstopracticeandexpandonwhatyouhavelearned.

Rinse and repeat for the next exercise. Remember, the key to progressive learningisconsistencyandpersistence. This eBook imparts all the essential skills and knowledge that a beginner programmer must master to become a proficient programmer. If you follow its instructions to the latter and still you get errors or get the results you are not expecting,gobacktothebeginningoftheexerciseandstudyyourcodeindetail,

notjustthrowinthetowel.Youmusthaveaneyefordetailtobeabletodetect thetiniestbugsinyourcode.

WhothisebookisFor The Full Beginner’s Guide to Mastering Python trains you by demonstrating what is happening and explaining it so you are able to replicate it in another exercise,ratherthanjusttellingyouhowtodosomething.Ifyouhavethedesire tobethebestPythonprogrammeryoucanbe,thisbookisforyou.Ifyouhave alreadylearned to writecomputer programs inother languages –be it asimple languagelikeHTML5oramorecomplexhigh-levellanguagelikeC#–thenthis bookisforyou. ThisbookteachestheconceptsandsyntaxofthePythonprogramminglanguage and requires that each exercise be typed in a text editor manually. We strive to simplifythelearningprocess forthosewhobuyour book,andassuch,we also offer practice files for all the exercises in the .py format to help you compare whatyoudowithwhattoexpect. If you have basic computer skills, some time to study (preferably one to two hoursaday),andagoodinternetconnection,thenyouhaveallittakestomake the most of this eBook. This is a stepping stone to a future where you get to choose the path that involves using the skills you learn now to instruct a computerhowtosolveyourproblems.

AboutProjectSyntax Thefutureofhumanityisdefinedbythecodewewritenow.Thatiswhatweat Project Syntax believe. Our organization was founded on the desire to produce high quality yet simply illustrated and concise learning materials that will help beginnersenterinto theworldofprogramming by‘learningthroughattempting first’. The Full Beginner’s Guide to Mastering Python eBook is one of the materials that our dedicated team of experienced researchers and programmers havecreatedtotraincompletebeginnerslikeyouontheartofwritingcode. Whetheryouareacompletenewbietoprogrammingorhaveexperiencewriting code in some other language and wish to learn Python to expand it, you have chosentherightbook.Webelievethatmostlearninginstructionsontheinternet and in published books do not use the right approach, which is to show the learnerhowtodoitfirst,andaftertheygraspthehow,explainthewhy. ProjectSyntaxispassionateaboutteachingthepublictowritecode.Webelieve thatintime,everyone willbeableto contributetowardsthefutureof humanity by learning to write computer programs. Besides the Full Beginner’s Guide to Mastering Python, we also have another eBook title “Full Beginner’s Guide to MasteringHacking”inthepipeline.

FeedbackandQuestions We always welcome all forms of feedback from our readers – compliments, complaints, corrections, and questions – regarding the content of our eBooks. Wewouldliketoknowwhatyouthinkaboutthisbook,whatyoulikeandwhat youdonot,aswellaswhatyoufoundusefulandwhatyoudidnot. Your feedback is important because it helps us create titles that will best help you and others learn the coding and hacking skillsthey seek fast and with less difficulty. Donothesitatetocontactusifyouhavesomethingtosay.

Chapter1:IntroductiontoPython Pythonisahighlevelprogramminglanguage. Aprogramminglanguageishowacomputerprogrammer canissueinstructions forthecomputertofollowwhensolvingaproblem. PythonwasnamedaftertheMontyPythonFlyingCircuscomedygroupthatwas popularintheUKbetween1969and1974. Therearetensifnothundredsofprogramminglanguagesinusetoday,andthey allaredifferentinmanyways.Pythonhasgrowntobeoneofthemostpopular for many reasons. Top among them is that it is a very powerful language that powersthealgorithms ofsomeof thebiggestglobalcompanies suchasGoogle andYahoo,andtopglobalwebsitesincludingReddit. Despitethis,Pythonisalanguagethatisveryeasytolearn.Learningtobecome aprogrammerisnotashardasitusedtobe;infact,youwillfinditfunandvery engaging. The best part about learning to write computer programs with the Python language is that compared to other object-oriented programming languages in use today such as C, C++, C#, and Java, Python was designed not just for the endresult,butalsotomaketheprocessofwritingcodeanadventureonitsown. There are 20 core principles that influenced the design and creation of the Python Programming Language, dubbed the Zen of Python, 19 of which are written down. Here are the first 10 principles of Python to help you appreciate whythelanguagewasmadethewayitis: 1. 2.

Beautifulisbetterthanugly. Explicitisbetterthanimplicit.

3.

Simpleisbetterthancomplex.

4. 5.

Complexisbetterthancomplicated. Flatisbetterthannested.

6. 7.

Sparseisbetterthandense. Readabilitycounts.

8.

Specialcasesarenotspecialenoughtobreaktherules.

9.

Practicalitybeatspurity.

10.

Errorsshouldneverpasssilently.

WhilethiseBookwillnotmagicallytransformyouintoaabadassprogrammer readytomakethebigbucks,itisanexcellentsteppingstonewhetheryouwant to pursue computer programming to expand your career, to start a new one, or justtoknowhowtobuildyourownprograms. Consideringthat ‘fun’is agreatmotivator,every effort hasbeen takentomake the process of learning using this book engaging and enjoyable for all users -from first-time programmers to seasoned developers looking to add Python to theirbeltofprogramminglanguagestheyhavemastered. As you join the hundreds of thousands of other learners striving to master Python,thebestwordofadviceIcanleaveyouwithisthisonegreatquote: “Inmanyways,(Python)isa dulllanguage,borrowingsolidoldconceptsand styles from many other languages: boring syntax, unsurprising semantics, few automaticcoercions,etc.Butthat'soneofthethingsIlikeaboutPython.” -TimPeters

WhyPython? If youdid your research well beforechoosing to buy this eBook,you probably discoveredthatPythonisbyfarthemoststudiedandthemostwidelyusedhighlevel programming language today. This is not just because it emphasizes on codereadabilityandsimplesyntax,orbecauseitrequiresfewerlinesofcodeto create a program compared to other languages; here are the top seven reasons whyyoushouldseeyourdecisiontotakeonPythonprogrammingstudiestothe end: 1Pythonopensupendlessopportunitiesforprogrammers Python developers are making a killing freelancing and taking up permanent jobsbecause thelanguage isvery popularamongcompanies andorganizations. Once you get comfortable with coding sing Python, you will be in a good position to consider job opportunities and even gigs that pay you to apply the conceptsyoulearninthisbook. 2.Pythonisapreferredlanguageforwebdevelopment The number of websites on the World Wide Web is approaching the 1 billion mark and one facet of this evolution is the growing scope of Python in web development. Python brings a lot of flexibility and an array of ready-to-use framework (such as django, Zope2, Pylons, Grok, and web.py) that are revolutionizing how the front and back end of websites are built. Learning to createwebsitesinPythonisthebestwaytopositionyourselfontherightsideof history. 3.LearningcomputationalthinkingwithPythoniseasy Python is a high-level programming language that reads like regular English. Becauseofthis,manyEnglish-speakinglearnersfinditveryeasytounderstand itssyntaxandhowtousethevariouscomponentsofthelanguagewithminimal complexity.Ifyouareabeginner,youwillbesurprisedhoweasyitistotellthe computerwhattodoinPythonandtothinkinwaysthathelpsyouconceptualize computercode. 4.Pythonhasarichandvibrantonlinecommunity

As you enter the world of programming, you will discover soon enough how important the developer community is to the language and to its learners. The Pythoncommunityisthe5thlargestonStackOverflowcommunityandthefourth mostused languageon Github.When you ventureto the cyberspaceto interact withotherlearnersandwithprofessionals,youwill betakenabackbythehuge number of people ready to help you learn by answering your questions and checkingyourcode. 5.Pythonhasoneofthemostmaturepackagelibraries Most programming, as you will discover soon, is repetitive. When you start writing code on a commercialscale, you will appreciate the fact that Python is backedbyrepositoriessuchasPyPIwithhundredsofthousandsoffreemodules and scripts that you can grab and use in your code. These modules and scripts bringpre-packagedfunctionality toyourPythonenvironment tosolveamyriad of problems that you would otherwise have to deal with one-by-one. With Python,thereisnoneedtore-inventthewheel. 6.Pythoniscross-platformandopensource Pythonhasbeenaroundforover20yearsandthroughoutthatperiod,ithasbeen developed as a cross-platform and open source software that runs on Linux, Windows, and MacOS. Besides, the language is backed by over 2 decades of kink-straightening and bug-squashing which has turned it into a power house thatmakesyourcoderunlikeyouintendeditonwhicheverplatform. 7.LearningPythonistheidealsteppingstonetootherlanguages There aren’t many languages today that offer the simplicity and versatility of Python, but different people choose their languages of specialty for their own reasons.Evenifyouintendtospecializeinsomeotherhigh-levelprogramming languagee.g. C#, C++,or Java,Python isa great languageto learnfirst before diversifyingintoanotherlanguage.

InstallingPython InordertobeginwritingPythonscriptsandexecutethemonyourcomputer,you mustfirstsetuptherightsoftwareonyourcomputer.Nothingiscomplicatedat this stage, just as long as you follow the right steps. If you already know how your computer works, how to navigate around the computer storage structure, download software and files, and install programs, this should be a straightforwardprocess. If you already have Python 3 installed on your computer, you can skip this sectionandproceedatthenextsection,ThePythonshell. Downloadtherightsoftware You can download the official Python programming tools from python.org. On yourcomputerbrowser,gotohttp://www.python.org/download/andgetthelatest versionofPython(itshouldbeversion3). Before you can begin the installation, take some time to read the resources on https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide and make sure that you know the operatingsystem(andversion) ofyourcomputerandwhetherit isa32-bitora 64-bit.Thisisimportanttoensurethatyoudownloadtherightsoftware.

Thepython.org/downloads/downloadpage. Atthetimeofwritingthisbook,thenewestversionofPythonisPython3.6.1.If youareunsurewhichversiontodownload,clickonthenameofyouroperating systemtoaccessmoreoptions. Windowsinstallation Installation is pretty straightforward on a Windows 10 or 7 computer. Simply downloadtherightversionofPythonandopentheinstallationwizardwhenthe downloadiscomplete. When the installation is complete, make sure that you check the “Add Python 3.6toPATH”optioninthelaststepofsetup. If the installation went well, you can launch Python from the Windows Start menu. The Python Integrated Development Environment (IDLE) shortcut is placedhere: Start➤ Programs➤ Python2➤ IDLE(PythonGUI). LinuxandUNIX

For Linux and most Unix-based systems such as Mac OSX, the Python interpretercomespre-loadedwiththeoperatingsystem.However,yoursismost likelyanolderversionofPython(version2)whichwewillnotbeusinginthis guide.TofindouttheversionofthePythonInterpreteronyoursystem,enterthe followingcommandontheterminal: $python  This command should initiate the interactive Python interpreter, which will displaytheversionandotherdetails. TofindoutifPython3isinstalled,enterthecommand: $python3  Youwillprobablygetanerror “bash:python:commandnotfound”ifversion3 ofthePython interpreterisnotinstalledin yourcomputer.Thismeans youwill havetodownloadandinstallityourselfbutremembertocheckthe“AddPython 3.6toPATH” optionin thelaststep ofsetup whenthe installationiscomplete. UsethepackagemanagerifyouareonaDebian-basedLinux. IfyouhaveaMac,opentheterminalapplicationandenterthe“python” commandtostartit.Iftheolderversion2.xisinstalled,donottamperwithit becauseitusedbytheoperatingsystemindifferentways.Instead,youcan downloadthenewestversionfrompython.org/downloads/oruseFink (http://finkproject.org)orMacPorts(http://macports.org)distributiontools.

Installationdirectoryandexercisefiles Note the installation folder of your Python interpreter because we are going to refertothatdirectoryalotinthiscourse.ThiseBookcomeswithasetofpython script files (.py files) bundled with the book; you should extract the folder in Python’sinstallationfoldertomakeiteasilyaccessiblefromth...