quantitative study description PDF

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Quantitative study Confirmability: Dependability: if info is dependable / reliability Credibility: accuracy of identification and description of subject in the study / Validity Transferability/Generalizability: report is clear and thorough, all assumptions must be detailed Naturalistic observation: 1. observation in the real world - describe behavior as occurs in the natural setting w/o lab setting 2. Describe variables that are present in relations among them 3. Researcher should not interfere with or intervene in the behavior being studied 4. Reactance or reactivity effect: refers to biasing of the participants responses b/c they know they are being observed also known as hawthorne effect. Ethnographic Inquiry: 1. Goal is learning about a culture from the perspective of the members of that culture 2. Observer as participant: researcher observes while interacting with others in study. 3. Participant as observer: researcher becomes part of culture by working / interacting extensively w/ the others 4. Issues: more immersed in culture & may lose objectivity 5. Acceptance: may require a lot of time before accepted into a group 6. Finances : No money Focus Groups: 7-10 people focus Interview study: 1. May be conducted one on one or in a group 2. Structured interview : pre determined questions 3. Unstructured interview: participant talks about whatever they want can be hard to narrow down to one specific question Narrative study: 1. Goal: gather and interpret stories that individuals in the group use to describe their life 2. Life histories, biographies, personal experiences, oral histories may be used 3. Narrative analysis: Analyzing method that examines an individual's speech pattern Case Studies: 1. Participants behavior observed & recorded/ recorded over an extended time period 2. No guidelines Grounded theory 1. Deriving theories based on data from the real world 2. Such theories will lead to better understanding of the phenomenon to ideas for exerting some control over phenomenon 3. Creativity 4. Open coding: label & characterizes phenomenon being studied 5. Axial coding: finds links between categories from open coding 6. Selective coding: Artifact analysis: analysis of extant artifacts Historiographies:

Symbolic interaction Participatory action research: goal of PAR projects is to evaluate and understand the impact of some social program on the community...