QUESTION ANSWERS CH.3 PDF

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answers to question packets CH. 3 CELLS...

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Chapter 03-Cell Structure and Function 1. According to cell theory A. all organisms are composed of tissues. B. the smallest unit of life is a nucleus. C. animals but not plants are composed of cells.D. multicellular organism is made of many cells. E. new cells arise only from preexisting cells. 2. The cell theory states A. all organisms are composed of only one cell. B. organelles are the basic living units. C. all cells come only from other cells. D. all organisms are composed of only one cell AND organelles are the basic living unit. 3. All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT A. invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum. B. incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria. C. incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts. D. a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed. E. groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group, sharing products of metabolism. 4. If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle? A. the outer mitochondrial membrane B. vacuole C. crista D. thylakoid membrane 5. If the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote? A. the outer chloroplast membrane B. the inner chloroplast membrane C. crista D. thylakoid membrane E. granum 6. Surface-area-to-volume ratios indicate A. cells must exceed a certain minimum size. B. as cells get larger, their surface area decreases. C. that the largest cells have a less proportionate need for food intake and waste removal. D. a chicken egg is one cell thus demonstrating the upper limit for metabolizing cell size. E. as cells get larger, their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases. 7. The body of a slime mold that flows over a rotten log appears to lack any partitioning into distinct cells; however it does become cellular when it changes form and produces spores. The surfaces of parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are "syncytial" layers of living material that developed from a single cell but now contains many nuclei but lack partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues actively consume food and produce wastes. Considering that the cell theory states that "all living things are composed of cells," then A. these tissues are not living because they violate the cell theory. B. some vital force is involved beyond normal cell structures in order to give life to living organisms. C. these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells. D. the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds since sometime in their life these organisms still utilize cells, but this shows cell membranes can be abandoned. 8. Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles. Are these cells living? A. Yes, because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles. B. Yes, because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation. C. No, because they do not contain a nucleus, they cannot be living. D. No, because red blood cells do not actively metabolize. 9. Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell A. lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. B. is larger. C. does not require energy. D. is not living. E. has no method of movement. 10. Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell? A. plant cell B. liver cell C. muscle cell D. paramecium E. bacterium 11. Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?

A. plasma membrane B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. chloroplast E. flagella 12. In moving from the outside to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered is A. the nucleus. B. the capsule. C. the cell wall.D . cell membrane. E. DNA. 13. An agent is a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our cells. Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic? A. prevents repair of the peptidoglycan cell wall B. damages the nuclear membrane C. damages DNA D. prevents ribosomes from producing proteins E. stops cellular respiration 14. Considering that small differences in organelle structure are enough to give selective toxicity, which organelle would be a good target for an antibiotic without attacking your cells? A. plasma membrane B. DNA C. ribosomes D. cytoplasm E. ER 15. A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be? A. eukaryotic, animal B. eukaryotic, plant C. eukaryotic, fungi D. prokaryotic, archaea 16. Which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and function? A. lysosome-intracellular digestion B. mitochondrion-cell respiration C. ribosome-production of proteins D. cell wall-regulate molecule passage in/out of animal cells E. vacuole-storage of chemicals 17. Which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and their structure? A. cell wall-cellulose fibers and lignin B. centriole-microtubules C. ER-concentrated chromatin, RNA, and nucleoli D. plasma membrane-two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins 18. Within eukaryotic cells, the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis. A. sER B. chloroplast C. nucleolus D. nucleus E. rER 19. Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material? A. nuclear envelope B. chloroplasts C. chromatin D. nucleoplasm 20. The nucleolus A. contains RNA and is found in the nucleus. B. contains DNA and is found in the nucleus. C. contains RNA and is found in the cytoplasm. D. contains DNA and is found in the cytoplasm. 21. Which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm? A. mitochondria B. chloroplast C. chromosomes D. nucleus E. lysosome 22. Ribosomal RNA is produced in the A. nucleolus. B. Golgi apparatus. C. ribosomes. D. rER E. sER. 23. Ribosomes are composed of A. DNA and RNA. B. DNA and protein. C. only protein. D. RNA and protein. 24. If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able to A. form a spindle apparatus. B. synthesize proteins. C. respire. D. hydrolyze fat. 25. Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the A. mitochondria. B. nucleus. C. chloroplasts. D. rER E. sER 26. What evidence suggests that proteins are modified in the rough ER but not the smooth ER? A. Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER. B. Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the smooth ER. C. The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids. D. The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids. 27. Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell? A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosomes E. lysosomes 28. Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then A. vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface. B. vesicles must travel from the rough ER and smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus.

C. the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system. D. the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs. 29. If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what is the correct sequence of organelles that are involved in the production of the protein? A. endoplasmic reticulum-to-ribosomes-to-Golgi apparatus B. ribosomes-to-endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus C. endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus-to-ribosomes D. Golgi apparatus-to-endoplasmic reticulum-to-ribosomes 30. Tissues that produce large amounts of secretions, such as the gastric glands of the stomach, contain cells with large numbers of A. lysosomes. B. nucleoli. C. centrioles. D. Golgi apparati. 31. The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on A. specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell. B. DNA extending to direct the protein through the Golgi and on to final destination. C. vesicles that constantly shuttle back and forth from the various cell destinations and these vesicles determine which protein in the Golgi apparatus to pick up and deliver. D. proteins drifting away in all directions and are only used at the cell sites that need them. 32. The ____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells. A. chloroplast B. lysosomes C. peroxisomes D. vacuole E. mitochondria 33. When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole, A. they both disappear. B. they both return to the Golgi apparatus. C. protein synthesis begins. D. division begins. E. its contents are digested. 34. Each time water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. The most reasonable explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of A. the nuclear membrane, causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. B. ribosomes, causing them to break into subunits. C. The breakage of lysosomes result in release of digestive enzymes which self-digest and, therefore, alter the taste of the meat. None of the other organelles would destroy the cells of alter the taste. D. rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes. 35. Which of the following would not be a function of the peroxisomes? A. break down fats in the liver B. produce bile salts in the liver C. help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars D. store toxic materials in the cell 36. The failure of which organelle during development result in a child born with webbed toes? A. lysosomes B. peroxisomes C. vacuoles D. rER E. Golgi 37. Tay-Sachs is a serious childhood metabolic disorder where ____ fail to digest certain lipids. A. lysosomes B. nucleoli C. mitochondria D. Golgi apparati 38. Which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production of H2O2? A. lysosome B. vacuole C. Golgi apparatus D. ER E. peroxisome 39. Which is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton? A. maintains a cell's shape B. anchors organelles in place within a cell C. allows cell and its organelles to move D. secretes the calcium for bone tissue 40. Microtubules A. are composed mostly of lipid. B. form spindle fiber to move chromosomes in mitosis. C. may be associated with metabolism. D. are found in the nucleus. 41. Centrioles A. consist of a 9 + 2 pattern. B. are composed of microtubule triplets. C. are found in plant cells. D. are composed of actin. 42. Centrioles are the basic structure that form the cellular structures: A. flagella B. microtubules C. both of them D. none of them

43. In a certain group of people, males are more subject to respiratory infections and are sterile. The most likely explanation for this disease is malfunctioning A. lysosomes. B. intermediate filaments. C. actin filaments. D. cilia and flagella. 44. When viewed through a microscope, one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move. What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see? A. cell membrane and nucleus B. ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum C. centrioles and cell wall D. mitochondria and cytoskeleton E. chloroplasts and lysosomes 45. The "powerhouse" of the cell is the A. chloroplast B. mitochondria. C. Golgi apparatus. D. ribosome. E. centriole. 46. Cellular respiration is best associated with the A. Golgi apparatus B. ribosome. C. mitochondrion. D. chloroplast. E. microtubule 47. Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both A. carry on photosynthesis. B. have a large central vacuole. C. have endoplasmic reticulum. D. need ATP for energy. 48. Which organelle will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water? A. lysosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. mitochondria D. chloroplasts E.ER 49. Which of these is mismatched? A. cilia-microtubules B. centrioles-spindle C. mitochondria-stroma D. lysosomes-hydrolytic enzymes E. ribosomes-RNA 50. In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for A. respiration. B. secretion. C. photosynthesis. D. storage. E.movement. 51. Which of these is present in plant, but not animal, cells? A. nucleus B. centrioles C. cell membrane D. Golgi E. chloroplasts 52. During photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented by A. carbohydrate + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy B. carbohydrate + carbon dioxide  oxygen + water + energy C. solar energy + oxygen + water  carbohydrate + oxygen D. solar energy + carbon dioxide + water  carbohydrate + oxygen 53. Thylakoids and cristae are, respectively, structures of A. lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. B. the nucleus and nucleolus. C. chloroplasts and mitochondria. D. mitochondria and chloroplasts. 54. Which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants? A. Golgi apparatus B. rER C. lysosome D. chloroplast 55. Mitochondria inner-filled space is called the matrix, which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production. A. DNA/energy B. ribosomes/CO2 C. RNA/energy D. enzymes/energy 56. Which would be considered evidence that chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis? A. Chloroplasts give off O2 when exposed to sunlight. B. Plants that are green contain chloroplasts. C. Both plants and algae have chloroplasts. D. Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria. 57. In a person with a mitochondrial disease in which the mitochondria do not produce enough energy for the cell, which organs would most likely be affected? A. muscles B. liver C. skin D. stomach E. ovaries/testes...