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FIRST QUARTERLY EXAM IN RESEARCH IX SET B GENERAL DIRECTIONS: It is recommended to use a No.2 pencil. It is very important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response, erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score. I. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Shade the letter of the correct answer on the answer sheet provided. For nos. 1-40, if the answer is not among the choices, shade letter E. 1. Which of the following research questions should NOT be answered using action research methods? A. What issues concerning school uniforms do parents of children in this school need more information about in order to decide whether they would support a mandatory uniform policy? B. How do parents in this school feel about mandatory school uniforms for their children? C. What kinds of uniform policies would parents of students in this school support? D. Is parent attitude toward school uniforms related to their socioeconomic status? 2. Which of the following statements about the abstracts is/are TRUE? I. The abstract will be more broadly read than the paper. II. Oftentimes, abstract uses active verbs to downplay the author and emphasize the information. III. Commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar when writing an abstract. A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II and III 3. Ms. Enriquez is conducting a study on the effect of technology on writing essays. She has one group write essays using paper and pen, while another group uses a word processor to write an essay on the same topic. The researcher found that the quality of the essays was equal regardless of whether they used paper and pencil or a word processor. Further, high achieving students performed better than low achieving students while using paper, but this effect was not seen while using word processor. In this experiment, what is the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV)? A. IV - The quality of the essays; DV - the achievement level of students B. IV - The quality of the essays; DV - the medium for writing C. IV - The medium for writing; DV - the quality of essays D. IV - The medium for writing; DV - the achievement level of student 4. Mrs. Del Valle is skilled in the administration and interpretation of objective psychological tests. In which Division of AREA (American Educational Research Association) does Mrs. Del Valle belong? A. Division H B. Division E C. Division C D. Division D 5. A researcher asks you to name a fruit and you say, “Pineapple”. Then on the second trial, the research either asks you to name another type of fruit or asks you to name a type of dog. It turns out that research participants could name another type of fruit faster than they could name a type of dog when

they were asked to name a type of fruit first. What kind of research is exemplified? A. Basic Research B. Applied Research C. Action Research D. Evaluation Research 6. Evidence-based inquiry refers to research which is A. Conducted in such a way that the methods can be examined carefully. B. Used to formulate, expand, or evaluate theory. C. Narrow, very precise, and focused on a particular problem. D. Useful in education because the results can influence educational decisions. 7. Anna is hungry and about the bite into a hot crusty baguette. However, her friend, Rachel, stops her and says, "Don’t do it. That piece of bread will poison you." Anna replies, “This is absurd of course. Bread that smells this good has not poisoned me in the past, so it will not poison me now." This situation pointed out A. The problem of deduction B. The problem of induction C. The problem of supposition D. The problem of replication 8. Mike’s research is entitled “The Relationship between Television Watching and School Achievement – A Review of the Literature”. On the other hand, his friend Joaquin comes up with a research entitled “A Reanalysis of the Evidence on School Effectiveness”. What can be deduced in the researches of Mike and Joaquin? A. Their researches are both empirical. B. Their researches are both non-empirical. C. Mike’s research is empirical while Joaquin’s research is non-empirical. D. Mike’s research is non-empirical while Joaquin’s research is empirical. 9. Which of the following utilizes deductive reasoning? A. Based on a survey of 2200 randomly selected likely voters, 56.2% indicate that they will vote for the incumbent in the upcoming election. Therefore, approximately 56% of the votes in the upcoming election will be for the incumbent. B. The telegraph was a technological breakthrough that allowed rapid communication across vast distances. In doing so, it made communities more homogeneous and diminished diversity. Ultimately, the benefits probably outweigh such hard-to-measure costs. C. It usually takes 2-3 days for a delivery to ship from the warehouse to your door via most major shipping services. You ordered on Tuesday morning, so it is safe to assume your package will arrive Thursday or Friday. D. Three is a prime number. Five is a prime number. Seven is a prime number. Therefore, all odd numbers between two and eight are prime numbers. 10.Educators need to be consumers and producers of research. Educational research can allow us to extend what we know in ways we never conceived. What purpose of educational research is stated? A. Educational research adds to knowledge. B. Educational research expands knowledge. C. Educational research addresses gaps in knowledge. D. Educational research replicates knowledge. 11.The following are subject matters that science cannot provide answers EXCEPT A. What beauty is B. Pro-choice versus pro-life in the abortion debate C. Which is politically correct? Republican or Democrat? D. Veracity of claims about the existence of life after death 12.Which comes first, theory or research? A. Theory, because otherwise you are working in the dark. B. Research, because that’s the only way you can develop a theory.

C. It depends on your point of view. D. The question is meaningless, because you cannot have one without the other. 13.Before findings are published in journals, the studies are usually evaluated by a group of experts. What do you call these group of experts that make sure there are no major flaws in the research and that the procedures are feasible? A. Panelists B. Critics C. Pundits D. Referees 14.According to Jerome Bruner, students are more likely to understand concepts if they discover them as part of their own exploration. Bruner recommended that teachers should provide discovery learning environments that would let students explore relationships between different concepts in real-world scenarios. A teacher decides to teach genetics based on Bruner’s discovery learning principles. Which of the following educational technology tools and strategies is most in line with these principles? A. Allowing students to pair different animals in a simulation to determine the genetics characteristics of the offspring. B. Providing students repetitive practice of the rules of genetic pairing using an educational video game. C. Showing a video on the life history of Mendel (scientist regarded as the founder of genetics) to motivate students. D. Explaining the laws of genetics by demonstrating genetic pairing in pea plants via an animated movie. 15.If William will study Law at Harvard University, then Kelvin will graduate with a bachelor’s degree. William did not study Law at Harvard University. Therefore, Kelvin did not graduate with a bachelor’s degree. A. Certainly true B. More likely to be true C. Certainly false D. More likely to be false 16.Theories suggest the ways in which further research may be conducted. What property of a good theory is being described? A. Theoretical scope B. Appropriateness C. Heuristic value D. Openness 17.The use of the methods follows a cyclical process. One researcher might focus on the theory-testing process, and another researcher might focus on theory generation, but both researchers will usually go through the full cycle many, many times, as they think about and carry out their research programs over time. Complete the research wheel below. Confirmatory

Exploratory A. Hypothesis and Predictions, Theory, Patterns and Descriptions B. Theory, Patterns and Descriptions, Hypothesis and Predictions C. Patterns and Descriptions, Hypothesis and Predictions, Theory D. Patterns and Descriptions, Theory, Hypothesis and Predictions 18.How could the program better address the needs of participants?” This question falls under what type of evaluation? A. Needs assessment

B. Theory assessment C. Implementation assessment D. Impact assessment 19.Which of the following statements is TRUE about proofs in research? A. Science does not “prove” things. B. When we test our hypotheses, we obtain proofs that support or rejects the hypotheses. C. When we have a sufficiently large body of proof supporting an idea, we accept that idea. D. The primary criterion and standard of evaluation of scientific theory is proof. 20.What is the key purpose of science and research? A. Exploration B. Explanation C. Prediction D. Influence 21.Egon Guba emphasized that research paradigms are characterized by their distinctive __________- the nature of the knowable. A. Ontology B. Epistemology C. Methodology D. Axiology 22.After thousands of miles of use, the tread on many bike tires wears down. One common theory about why tires wear down contends that the perpetual friction and heat generated by the contact between the tire and pavement erode the material on the surface of the tire. However, a local scientist who is also an avid cyclist proposed a new theory for why bike tires wear down. This scientist contended that chemicals from the road's composition and chemicals from rain residue wore down the surface of the tire. Which of the following would best evaluate whether the scientist's proposed theory is true? A. Place chemicals from rainwater and pavement on a bike's idle tires. B. Ascertain whether the bike's frame is made of rust-resistant components. C. Ascertain whether chemicals from the road's composition also reside within the bike's frame. D. Determine the number of miles that a bike tire can be used on a wet road before wearing down. 23.Orientational research is sometimes called critical theory research. This is because orientational researchers are often critical of “mainstream research”. The following are associated to orientational research EXCEPT A. Queer theory B. Post-colonialism C. African-American studies D. Post-structuralism 24.Which of the following scenarios correctly depicts the self-correcting nature of science? A. Adela controls various extraneous variables in her study on self-esteem. B. Helix conducts a replication with extension study on deindividuation and finds that the previous research reached a faulty conclusion. C. Sasha conducts a study illustrating a cause-and-effect relationship between distractions and reading comprehension. D. Olander conducts an empirical research study on racial discrimination. 25.Shekinah walks into their living room and finds torn up papers all over the floor. Shekinah’s dog has been alone in the room all day. Shekinah concludes that the dog tore up the papers because it is the most likely scenario. Now, her sister may have brought by her niece and she may have torn up the papers, or the property owner may have done it, but the dog theory is the more likely conclusion. What type of reasoning is illustrated? A. Deductive Reasoning B. Inductive Reasoning C. Probabilistic Reasoning D. Intuitive Reasoning...