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QUIZ Nr.2: ANSWER SHEET 1. Referenda, citizen assemblies, and community councils can all be considered part of: a. Direct democracy b. Democratization c. Representative democracy d. Minimal definition of democracy 2. The theory that traces democracy to broad social changes and economic development is known as: a. Growth-based development theory b. Democratization theory c. Modernization theory d. Consolidation theory 3. The most used common distinction between definitions of democracy is between __________ and __________ definitions. a. Provisional, supportive b. Qualitative, quantitative c. Normative, theoretical d. Procedural, substantive d. [PAGE 123] Give one example of a political right and one example of a civil liberty. (You can use general examples from the textbook or from a specific country– for example, the Second Amendment in the USA, the right to bear arms). •

Political right: directly related to electoral processes. Examples include: free/fair elections,

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and most individuals can vote; regularly scheduled elections; multiple political parties at elections, or some choice; any individual can run for office. Civil liberty: guarantee citizens the ability to participate in civic life outside of elections. Examples: freedom of speech and expression, FOI, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, to join interest groups and parties.

e. [PAGE 131] Select one of the five Causes of Democratization listed in the textbook and describe it in one or two sentences (if you can’t remember the details, give a specific example). I.

II.

III.

Modernization Theory: democracy caused by broad social changes; especially economic development and the changes that accompany it. Example: urbanization over decades causes new land-owners to want more say. Cultural theories: democratization and democratic consolidation caused by cultural variables that predispose some countries (Example: Asia – Malaysia/Singapore) to democracy and prevent or hinder democracies in other pleaces (Example: Africa, Latin American women) Systematic or Structural theories: situate countries in international environment where major powers or global trends may condition whether democracy

IV.

V.

emerges or not (Example: between WWs, Cold War, and Post-Cold War all different in democracy) Domestic Institutional Theories: the advent and success of democracy depend on the forms of political institutions within a country (example: United States and the constitution, Chile failed due to election structure, Weimar Republic president/chancellor structure) Agency-Based Theories: individual actors, or small groups of actors, are the drivers of changes in regime types (whether democratic or authoritarian). Example: Mandela in South Africa, Ghandi in India....