RAAS assignment PDF

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RAAS assignment...

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RAAS ASSIGNMENT

Overall View of RAAS Expected to already know from fundamentals link --> RAAS video Reference to the video to answer the following questions 1. What does RAAS stand for? (refer to video)  Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System 2. Which organ is the juxtaglomerular located?  Kidney, mainly in the afferent arterioles and some in the efferent arterioles.  Blood vessels 3. Which sympathetic nerve receptor is located on the kidney? (refer to ch 15 for receptor on kidney)  Alpha A1 4. What does the juxtaglomerular on the kidney secrete (enzyme)?  Renin

5. Why is the enzyme being secreted?  To raise blood pressure 6. Which hormone does the liver secrete?  Angiotensinogen 7. What effect does renin have on the liver hormone?  Converts to Angiotensin 1 8. What organ does the newly changed liver hormone go too?  Lungs 9. The organ secretes another enzyme; name the enzyme? Describe the effects the enzyme has on the hormone in the lungs.  Angiotensin II; Causes vasoconstriction 10. Peripheral resistance is increased, why?  Smooth muscle cells all over the body contract and are going to cause increased resistance because of the effects of Angiotensin II.

Effects of Aldosterone on the kidney: Expected to know from fundamentals click on link --> video Aldosterone (watch the first 3 and 50 seconds to answer to answer questions 1 through 4) 1. Is Aldosterone a hormone or enzyme?  Hormones 2. Where is aldosterone secreted from?  Adrenal Gland 3. Name 2 triggers that stimulate aldosterone to be secreted? (refer to the video) i. Angiotensin II ii. Potassium 4. If serum potassium (k+)is elevated, what are the effects of sodium (Na+)?  If there’s excess potassium that stimulates aldosterone. Aldosterone increases the loss of potassium. Sodium is reabsorbed and potassium is lost. I.E. If potassium is high, sodium levels will be low. The potassium and sodium channels in the cells will use ATP to correct the imbalance, 2 potassium’s for 3 sodiums. 5. If serum potassium (k+)is low, what are the effects of sodium (Na+)?  If potassium levels are low, sodium levels will be increased. High levels of sodium can be treated with oral hydration or intravenously in cases of an emergency such as sever dehydration.

Meds that affect the RAAS 

Medication group that blocks Aldosterone: “Aldosterone blocker”  Spironolactone and Eplerenone a. Is an aldosterone blocker a diuretic? If so, which group?  Yes, facultative diuretics b. When aldosterone is blocked what happens to sodium?  Aldosterone blockers will cease the reabsorption of sodium that encourages water loss. This will lead to a decrease in blood pressure and reduces excess fluid around the heart. c. What happens to potassium?  Potassium, if levels are high, may continue to increase leading to heart complications, nausea, chest pain, etc.

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Medication groups that block renin  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors such as Enalkiren, Remikiren, Aliskiren, Aliskiren a. Beta 1 receptors are located on which two body parts? (refer to the pharmacology first page of the sympathetic/adrenergic chapter)  Heart and Kidney b. Name the function of each of those two body parts: (refer to the pharmacology first page of the sympathetic/adrenergic chapter)  Heart- pumps blood throughout the body through the circulatory system. Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes.  Kidneys- Remove wastes such as acid and extra fluid from the body. Maintains a health balance of water, salts, and minerals in the blood c. What is the suffix of the medication group that blocks beta 1?  -olol d. What are the effects of blocking beta 1 for each of the body parts  Decreases heart rate and contractility  Decreases peripheral vascular resistance  Decreases renin release.

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Think about the medication group that blocks the enzyme that converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2: a. What is the suffix ending of the medication group?  -pril b. What would be the effects of blocking the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 at the lungs?  This would stop the adrenal glands from producing aldosterone, thus ceasing the reabsorption of sodium. This can have the desired effect of lowing blood pressure.

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Medication group that blocks angiotensin 2:  Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists/blockers (ARBs) a. What is the suffix of the medication group?  -sartan

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Any one of the above groups block the RAAS: a. What would be the effect on blood volume?  Blood volume is lowered by the loss of serum sodium in the blood b. What would be the effect on Blood pressure?  Blood pressure is lowered from the dilating arteries c. What are the effects on Na+? K+?  Sodium is lowered and Potassium becomes elevated...