(Re-Reading) THE PHILIPPINES: past revisited by Renato Constantino PDF

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Quintana, Krizzia Ann C. Readings in Philippine History (GEED10033) BSIT 1-2N The Philippines: The Past Revisited by Renato Constantino Renato Constantino, a historian, and scholar in the Philippines proposed the idea of rethinking our colonial history, correcting it, and learning from the past. He ...

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Quintana, Krizzia Ann C.

Readings in Philippine History (GEED10033)

BSIT 1-2N The Philippines: The Past Revisited by Renato Constantino

Renato Constantino, a historian, and scholar in the Philippines proposed the idea of rethinking our colonial history, correcting it, and learning from the past. He hopes that the Filipinos have a useful badge souvenir to help promote the Filipinos to find a real nationhood. Renato Constantino learned patriotism from his grandmother, who told him several stories about friar abuse and her family's sufferings under American rule, and from his lawyer-father, who chastised officials who did not fight for the country's independence. When Renato became the leader of junior and high school students at Arellano High School, he was selected as the class president, and he was also awarded a medal as orator and debater. His writings always reflected his nationalistic, democratic, anti-colonial, anti-imperialist views, whether he was writing historical articles or articles on economic, social, and cultural aspects in the Philippines. He was often persecuted in his life because of what was then considered his radical views and his critiques of those in power. In 1951, he lost his position with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was subsequently prevented from obtaining a job because intelligence officers discouraged employers from hiring him, because he was a security risk. Over the past few years, Renato Constantino has eloquently defended the importance of a correct understanding of the Filipino past in order to understand current issues according to the Rizal tradition, as evidenced in the comments on the Morgan incident. Introduction by John R. Taylor to Get "Historical Truth from Prejudice". The Philippines rebelled against the United States. So far, Constantine has mainly focused on colonial historiography from the American era in Filipino history. In Clark M. Rectos' biography "The Misunderstanding Education of the Filipinos" and many other articles and brochures, he reveals the harmfulness of earlier official views of the Philippines, inspired by colonial historiography and the impact of the American education system. Its shadow distorts the true story of its past in Filipino minds. You cannot understand the real cause of evil in modern society without understanding the root of the moment. Like Rizal, Constantino viewed history as a means of liberating the Filipino people. Prior to starting his latest book, The Philippines: A New Journey into the Past: The Battle of Constantine, Constantine

received a new income of $ 100,000 which is the foundation for continued hard work. Reject the views of the colonial powers or Filipinos on the history of the Philippines. Filipinos often perceive why the first literary period is the most informative in the Philippine history. The way how pre-colonial changes everything. Filipino's before had a unique culture and unique ways of life. And so, here we discussed and learned how pre-colonial has been transformed in Philippine History and see the comparisons if history has been changed and if it has evolved and developed. Same as Rizal, Constantino regarded history as a means to liberate the Filipino people. Constantino's latest book re-examines the history of the Philippines before World War II. This book is a "people’s history" whose purpose is to better understand reality. This is how human history connects past and present experiences. PART I - LIBERATION TRANSFORMED CHAPTER I - Towards a People’ History - Years has passed since the Philippine historians deemed it necessary to modernize the history of the Philippines from the perspective of the Philippines. The discovery that some known historical evidence is only forged has made people more and more aware that some foreign documents that were once the center of historical books were prejudiced during the fermentation period of nationalism. All of this, combined with the Filipinos' rising awareness of their specific ethnic origins, has led to many attempts to go back in time. Lately, the rise of nationalist movements in Filipino society heralded the need for a new environment for Filipino culture. Filipino historians are taught to be strivers to Spanish and American history. They have a natural bias towards Filipino culture. Some of these scientists fought bravely to solve this problem. Restrictions on education level. The foreign policies of Spain had a significant impact on the developing Filipino communities. Some historians ignore the entire historical period because it is Spanish history. Spanish colonial politics and certain aspects of Spanish history and culture. Other scholars idealized the leaders of other countries and planned their fame they fail to understand and must carefully analyze the role of certain men in order to make the story have a nationalist perspective. Otherwise, other myths will spread, and people will continue to imagine that this story is the work of heroes. The pressure of nationalism on Filipino scholars has led to a series of

specialized studies that uncovered some myths about the relationship between the Philippines and the United States. Nevertheless, his impact is limited because the work of these scientists continues mainly for the benefit of "objectivity. " In additional phrases, the mission of fixing historical misunderstandings was not accomplished as part of a broader effort to free Filipinos from the chains of colonial education.

CHAPTER II — The First “Liberation” - Although every battle tries to change certain goals. Conditions have the greatest impact on the city itself, and the nature of oppression determines the intensity and direction of any struggle. Every ruler was opposed by the people and After each "liberation", they found their land was occupied by foreigners. Filipinos have had the hard luck of being "freed" four times in the entire history. The Spaniards were the first to liberate them from "slavery into the devil", followed by the Americans to "liberate" them from Spanish pressure.

CHAPTER III — Baranganic Societies - The time of conflict with the Spanish colonial period. Spanish colonial rule was a foreign power that destroyed and distracted the growth of indigenous communities. If colonialism did not fundamentally change the rules of production in the social units that existed at the time, it would be meaningless to speculate on the particularity of the Asian culture that will develop in the archipelago. Just as we tried to examine the dynamics of Spanish civilization during the conquest, we must also study the nature of the indigenous peoples and the extent of their economic growth in the country.

CHAPTER IV — Pacification and Exploittion - When King Felipe of Spain wanted to go to the East Indies, he was motivated by business interests and fear of competition between Spain and Portugal. The Spanish monarch tried to expand his kingdom and defend the eastern declared territory from the enemy Portuguese. Magellan's trip to East India inspired many Spaniards to undertake parallel expeditions of exploration and conquest. It is believed that they are equally involved in the extraction of gold and spices. The western islands abound, the western islands are Spanish names for the East Indies from the Philippines to New Guinea.

CHAPTER V — The Colonial Lanscape - New traditions and new religions were brought to the Spanish. Community tradition, Social tradition. Although they chose to keep it, they adopted modern traditions and institutions from the initial colonial meetings in Latin America. Finally, the Spanish Conquest brought deep changes to indigenous people's lives. They have fundamentally changed the structures established to satisfy colonial interests and the use of these institutions in local culture for unknown purposes.

CHAPTER VI — Monastic Supremacy - It is believed that the Spanish empire serves “all majesty”: God and monarch. On the other hand, every dual power has the responsibility to cause and cause jurisdictional disputes some have the right to provide such services to individuals or groups under common management in order to gain an advantage in the loyalty competition. According to de la Costa, it “should be regarded as a civilized church or a missionary country.” Royal jurisdiction over the Spanish Church is based on the Pope’s royal model. This idea is the basis for unifying the church and the country into a single structure. Royal advisor. In the struggle with the pope for the power and property of the Spanish church, the king granted church land and other rights and expanded these individual communities to include priests and even their servants. As a result, clergy generally tend to support the king, who is generous due to their income and merits. Part II: THE CRUCIBLE OF PRACTICE CHAPTER VII — Patterns of Struggle - A more fundamental aspect of Philippine history is the tradition of its people's sacrifices for the independence and a better life. In view of the oppressors and oppressed societies, all opposition must also be interpreted. In each stage of the conflict, the essential characteristics of these answers were largely dictated by the two cultures. Since the colonial rule was formed in the early stages of social growth and was carried out with just a short interregnum until the twentieth century, however, the rebellion was largely negative in response to colonial imperialism rather than a progressive national movement. In the anti-colonial struggles against Spain, local people in the archipelago finally became aware of their position as one country.

CHAPTER VIII — End of Isolation - Francis Bacon wrote in 1624 on "the brittle State of the greatness of Spain," which was based on the treasure exclusively of the Indians and he

predicted, "but accession to those who were masters by sea." This prediction was soon shown to be true by the English. The English have been able to take over new land as well as penetrate colonies of other strong empires in aggressive trade activities aimed at increased sea dominance. Britain built important connections in Asia, Africa, and America in the 17th century. The English colonized America and set up outposts in Western India during this century. England set up a merchant navy that would compete effectively with its rival sea force, Holland. These possessions offered markets for their products to England.

CHAPTER IX — Progress and Protest - The end of Philippine isolation from the mid-18th century to the beginning of the 19th century included not only the nation's physical openness to international trade, but also the entry into Europe's long-winded theories of enlightenment. Their own growth required more independence. These innovative concepts, in particular the principles of individual freedom which formed the foundation of the philosophy of capitalism, found fertile ground in the nation precisely because Spain had been developing social power with its own new economic policies.

CHAPTER X — Revolution and Nationhood - It was a fragmented and fragmentary uprising against the Spaniards that brought about the idea of nationality. But because a country lacked a material basis, these spontaneous responses to various forms of exploitation and oppression were incapable of bringing people together. Their articulation has crystallized and disseminated in a sufficiently large scale the denominators of these resentments and desires to establish a sense of independent, distinct nationality in the majority of the population as well as a counter conscientiousness offering various alternatives to colonial oppression. In addition, the shortage of contact services and the colonial policy of keeping people actively unaware by severely limiting educational opportunities and prohibiting the spread of new ideas, have slowed national conscience development. The resulting national consciousness only emerged when it became apparent after the beginning of a national market and economy when articulators were able to project the various complaints and wishes of citizens. They belonged to the groups emerging from the nation's emerging new economy. Within a decade, the products of recent school reforms were the first to speak out for the complaints and expectations of the people. These young men were able to take advantage of the educational

opportunities that a liberalized Spanish colonial policy at the time provided, from families who had benefitted from economic growth throughout the country. The ilustrados were these articulators. These rich families sent their children to Spain. The illustrados helped develop a sense of nationality which already existed in their practice within the people. Their consciences were the product of empirical experiences, primarily the positions they took inside that reality, but the articulation of their ideas would help organize the powers that would change the developing country and the people. PART III — UNITY AND DISUNITY CHAPTER XI — Revolution and Compromise - Throughout 1894 Bonifacio, however, triggered the Katipunan, insisting that the only way to achieve that was to separate and to revolt. The day when Rizal was exiled from Katipunan to Dapitan aptly symbolized the transition between leadership and separatist bassist middle-class leaders. Even the smallest association with a subversive group like the Katipunan in a totalitarian colonial state is to be detained, persecuted, or even killed. Bonifacio was prepared to hold meetings in Manila and its surroundings under the nose of the Spanish government. Among those joining the movement were personnel, fishermen, officials, government workers, traders, teachers, and priests. Bonifacio took diligent management responsibilities before the Liga's breakup.

CHAPTER XII — The Second Coup - In the months between Biak-na-bato and Aguinaldo's return, the Philippine people resolutely resumed their struggle for emancipation. They were not aware of the need to strip them of their right to freedom across the seas. The sentiments of classes willing to make concessions to preserve and improve their prime economic standing were what he was actually voicing. The determination and ferocity with which Aguinaldo's Philippine masses instinctively went into rebellion against great odds for almost a decade after he swore loyalty to the U.S showed that he misread his compatriots.

CHAPTER XIII — Collaboration and Resistance (1) - Bonifacio's loss at Tejeros triggered a series of historical events that not only enabled the Biak-na-bato settlement but also enabled the illustrado leadership to take place within the power complex of American colonialism. The

Spaniards used the principalia as transmission belts of the colonial government; the Americans used the illustrado as evidence to confirm their false argument that the Philippines supported America's rule wholeheartedly, but also the intermediaries between the colonizing authority and citizens.

CHAPTER XIV — Collaboration and Resistance (2) - The vote has the people now, without the illustrados. Only those military officers react more to common aspirations. Aguinaldo's arrest freed the masses of people who were trapped in his second coup. The Katipunan leaders rose to lead the new movements that had remained at lower levels of leadership. While the country's revolution was again compromised and the collaborative leadership accepted a more insidious form of imperialist education, it remained in peace and harmony for the People's Revolution. The American colonizer distorted Filipino history. The Filipinos welcomed the new colonizer by American education, says the author, has distorted history. The U.S. government attempted to dismiss groups of the resistance as bandits. The irreversible depletion of material on these movements resulted from decades of neglect. However, these organizations may also have aggressive origins. The disregard of these campaigns by the Americans prevented any major historical interest in them. Their leaders' attachment to the old Katipunan, their desire for democracy and above all the various evidence of popular support can be used to evaluate their sincerity. their commitment to democracy. It is also worth noting that since the days of the remontados in Spanish times, "taking the hills" has played part in the oppressed mass ritual.

CHAPTER XV — New Outpost and Preserve - The US invasion of the Philippines was part of a growth trend that began almost immediately after the foundation of the Thirteenth Colonies. The course of imperialism began when the West of America invaded the Indians and the Spanish influence in America had been annihilated. Throughout a large part of our national career out history has been one of expansion. . . . This expansion is not a matter of regret, but pride. Theodore Roosevelt

The American Civil War was in reality a colonial revolution in the United States, portrayed as a war for Slave Emancipation. The victory of capitalism on the continent was the result of a conflict between aggressive industrial North and agrarian South. The victory of the North has removed the only major obstacle to neoliberal growth.

CHAPTER XVI — Colonial Society and Politics - The commercial exploitation of the colony can only be effectively carried out under conditions of peaceful recognition of colonial rule. This has led to the implementation of a virtual de-Filipinization program. This led to the constant disruption of the fervent nationalist sentiments fueling the Revolution and the opposition to the US occupation. Gradually an almost American culture was created with the imprint of the institutions, ideals and perspectives of the colonizing power. As a result of the American imperialist strategy, millions of Filipinos owed their loyalty to the US.

CHAPTER XVII — Turbulent Decades - The leading revolutionary people found refuge within the governmental establishment through nominative or public office elections during its assimilation of the Philippine elite as colonial apparatus. The legacy of the Revolutionary War was still alive in their hearts. However, one important change would occur in their ensuing battles: the popular protests were not concentrated only against the winner as the elite articulators of their interests had already negotiated with the new colonizer, but in most cases also against their native allies and supervisors. PART IV — PROLOGUE CHAPTER XVIII – A Usable Past - The future can only be consciously shaped if the present is seen as a continuity of historical process as part of history in flow. The present must be seen as part of the process of dissolution into a true historical future through a real historical past. The past must be recognized as a concrete historical reality as part of the development of total reality. If the present is to be meaningful, the past should not just be comprehended. For the past would dominate and immobilize the present, or they would become irrelevant to today's interests if considered "frozen reality." There would be no use of the blind dynamics that gave rise to various trends and people would learn no lessons from history. A history study aimed at clarifying the genesis and development of our particular consciousness can play a powerful role in achieving our economic and intellectual independence. The rationalizations have become part of our national awareness. We still tacitly accept the alienation of our own culture and the distortion of our economy as natural and unobjectionable

developments. In the last two decades, nationalist voices have had some effect, but the dead weight of the colonial conscience and the continued influx of external cultural influences are constantly eroding any advance. People's oppression has received different justifications from the proper use of the past to serve the colonial ends. The Americans, too, projected different rationalizations for their invasion until they finally succeeded in persuading us that they came to teach us how to be democratic. We look at and depreciate the conquerors; we take their views and interests respectfully i...