Rest and Sleep- Fundamentals PDF

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Rest and Sleep Foundations II Objectives •Describe the functions and physiology of sleep. •Identify variables that affect sleep. •Perform a sleep assessment. •Describe common sleep disorders. •Describe nursing strategies to promote sleep. Physiology of Sleep •Reticular activating system (RAS) oFacilitates reflex and voluntary movements oControls cortical activities related to state of alertness •Bulbar synchronizing region (BSR) •Hypothalamus Stages of Sleep •Non- REM •REM •Sleep Cycle •Factors Affecting Sleep •Developmental considerations •Motivation •Culture •Lifestyle and habits •Physical activity and exercise Dietary habits •Environmental factors •Psychological Stress •Illness •Medications Illnesses Associated with Sleep Disturbances •Peptic ulcers •Coronary artery diseases •Myocardial infarctions

•Epilepsy seizures •Liver failure and encephalitis •Hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism •End stage renal disease (ESRD) •Restless leg syndrome Nursing Assessment •Subjective Assessment •Identify patient’s sleep–wakefulness patterns •Identify effect of these patterns on everyday functioning •Assess patient’s use of sleep aids •Assess the presence of sleep disturbances and contributing factors Assessing Sleep Disturbances •Nature and cause of problem •Accompanying signs and symptoms •Date of occurrence, frequency and effect on everyday living •Severity of the problem •Treatment of problem •How the patient is coping with the problem Assessment of Sleep Characteristics •Restlessness •Sleep postures •Sleep activities •Snoring •Leg jerking •Sleeptalking •bruxism •Sleep Diary •Physical Assessment •Energy level •Facial characteristics •Behavioral characteristics •Physical data suggestive of sleep problems

I can’t sleep….. •Based on assessment findings, patient may have a sleeping disorder. Classifications of Sleep Disorders oFour categories •Sleep Disorders •Dyssomnias •Parasomnias Dyssomnias •Obstructive Sleep Apnea •Parasomnias •Somnambulism •Sleep talking •Bruxism •Enuresis •Sleep-related eating disorder Treatment for Dyssomnias •Pharmacologic therapy oSedatives and hypnotics •Nonpharmacologic therapy oStimulus control oSleep restriction oRelaxation therapy Common Etiologies for Nursing Diagnoses •Physical or emotional discomfort or pain •Changes in bedtime rituals or sleep environment •Exercise and diet before sleep •Drug dependency and withdrawal •Symptoms of physical illness Nursing Interventions •Prepare a restful environment. •Promote bedtime rituals. •Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages.

Promote relaxation and comfort. •Respect normal sleep–wake patterns. •Schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances. •Use medications to produce sleep. •Teach about rest and sleep....