Review Questions - Protein Synthesis PDF

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SBI4U Review: DNA Timeline & DNA Replication QUESTIONS: Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Compare prokaryotic protein synthesis to eukaryotes. 2. Group these strands into two categories: template, coding, sense, anti-sense, non-coding 3. If the coding strand is 5’ ACGT 3’, what would the mRNA strand be? 4. If the anti-sense strand is 5’ ACGT 3’, what would the mRNA strand be? 5. What is the difference between primary mRNA transcript and the final mature mRNA? 6. What are the start and stop signals for transcription and translation? 7. What is splicing? How does it work? 8. What is one significance of splicing? Why do introns exist? 9. What is the wobble hypothesis and why is it important? 10. What is inosine and what does it do? 11. Name the 3 sites on ribosomes and their functions. 12. How does the codon and anti-codon relate to each other? Where are they found? 13. Explain how a polypeptide becomes a secreted protein. 14. Create a polypeptide with 5 different amino acids. a. Using the codon table, write the corresponding mRNA. If there is more than one possible codon, just choose one. b. Where would the leader and trailer sequence be found? c. Where would the 5’ cap and polyA tail be found? d. Where would introns and exons be found? 15. Describe the function for each of the following proteins: a. DNA polymerase I b. DNA polymerase III c. RNA polymerase I d. RNA polymerase II e. RNA polymerase III f. Helicase g. Ligase h. Primase i. aa-tRNA sythetase j. Nuclease k. Telomerase l. Topoisomerase m. Transcription factors n. SnRNP o. Single stranded binding protein p. Initiation factors q. Elongation factors r. Signal recognition particle s. histone

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS: Write the appropriate term in the space provided. 1. ________________________: In the central dogma, this molecule is the source of all other molecules 2. ________________________: The direction in which strands of DNA and mRNA are elongated 3. ________________________: Where a free phosphate group is found, also where a cap is added after transcription 4. ________________________: Formulated the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis after mutating mould 5. ________________________: The initial strand of mRNA that is made during transcription 6. ________________________: This is the name of the strand of DNA that is NOT used to make mRNA 7. ________________________: Where a free OH group is found, also where a poly-A tail is added after transcription 8. ________________________: The bases A, G, I are classified as this 9. ________________________: The bases C, T are classified as this 10. ________________________: A process in which DNA is used as a template to make mRNA 11. ________________________: A process in which mRNA is used as a template to make polypeptides 12. ________________________: Has ribozyme activity and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds 13. ________________________: Binds to mRNA to initiate translation 14. ________________________: The name of the region where the TATA box is found 15. ________________________: This is found on the 5’end of a strand of mRNA 16. ________________________: Where a free amino group is found, where methionine is found in polypeptides before modification of polypeptides occurs 17. ________________________: The end of a polypeptide that is made last, has a free COOH group 18. ________________________: Where RNAP binds to the DNA to start transcription, where TATA box is found 19. ________________________: A sequence of DNA that signals the end of transcription 20. ________________________: Are spliced out of the raw mRNA to make the final copy 21. ________________________: Segments of mRNA that contain information that will be used for translation 22. ________________________: This complex is made up of RNA and many proteins and removes non-coding information from the initial mRNA 23. ________________________: Found in spliceosomes, has RIBOZYME activity 24. ________________________: The parts of the mRNA strand that codes for proteins 25. ________________________: The end of a tRNA molecule that is covalently bound to the amino acid 26. ________________________: The energy molecule in translation 27. ________________________: The amino acid that corresponds with the start codon 28. ________________________: The end of a polypeptide that is made first 29. ________________________: This molecule binds to the A site when the ribosome reaches a stop codon 30. ________________________: This region on the mRNA binds to a signal-recognition particle 31. ________________________: A “postal code” found at the N terminus of a polypeptide, directs the polypeptide to its final destination (ER, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast)...