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RIZAL’S LIFE: FAMILY AND CHILDHOOD

Jose Rizal’s thirteen-member-family consisted of his father Francisco Mercado II, his mother Teodora Alonso Realonda, himself, nine sisters and one brother. Jose Rizal came from a wealthy family in Calamba, Laguna, Considered one of the largest families in those times, the 13-member-family consisted of his father Francisco Mercado II, his mother Teodora Alonso Realonda, himself, nine sisters and one brother. Calamba is indeed, “the Cradle of Genius” “Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo” ( In Memory of My Town)-the first poem written by Rizal when he was 15 His first sorrow was the death of Concha (Concepcion) who died when she was 3 years old First teacher of Jose Rizal was his mother Jose learned the alphabet at the age of 3

Rizal’s Lineage

The Rizal paternal ascendant was Domingo Lam-co, a full-blooded Chinese who lived in Amoy, China and arrived in the Philippines in the closing years of the 17th century. Domingo Lam-co was married to a Chinese half-breed named Ines de la Rosa. The Mercado-Rizal family had also Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito blood aside from their Chinese blood. Rizal’s Parents Jose Rizal’s father Francisco was the youngest of 13 children of Juan and Cirila Mercado. He was born in Binan, Laguna, studied in San Jose College of Manila and died in Manila. Teodora, the mother of Jose Rizal, was a business-minded, religious and hard working individual who was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827. She was the second child of Brijida de Quintos and Lorenzo Alonso. Teodora had Spanish and Japanese ancestors while the father of Teodora was a half Spaniard engineer known as Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo. She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. Teodora died in Manila in 1913. The parents of Jose Rizal were both farmers who were granted by the Dominicans with the lease of a hacienda together with a rice farm. How Jose Obtained the ‘Rizal’ Last Name

The Rizal surname was obtained by Francisco Mercado as suggested to him by a provincial governor after the Governor General of the Philippines, Narciso Claveria, issued a decree in 1849 by which native Filipino and immigrant families were to adopt Spanish surnames from a list of Spanish family names. Jose Rizal also obtained the surname Rizal after dropping three other names that made up his full name. Jose Rizal also retained Protasio as his other family name. His family never actually recognized their Rizal surname, but Jose Rizal was forced to use it so that he can travel freely and disassociate himself from his brother Paciano, who was notorious because of his links with native priests who were executed after they were found to be subversives. Jose Rizal’s Sisters Rizal had nine (9) sisters namely, Saturnina, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, and Soledad.

Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913) Saturnina was the eldest child of Francisco Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda. She was married to Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas. It was Doña Saturnina who published Pascual Poblete’s translation in Tagalog language of the Noli Me Tangerein 1909.

Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939) Narcisa is the third child and was married to Antonio Lopez, a teacher and musician from Morong, Rizal. Like a doting sister, Narcisa was very close to Rizal and could recite all of Rizal’s poems from memory. Olympia Rizal (1855-1887) Olympia was married to Silvestre Ubaldo, who was a telegraph operator from Manila. Olympia unfortunately died in 1887 from childbirth. Lucia Rizal (1857-1919) Lucia was the fifth child and was married to Matriano Herbosa. One important fact to know is that Lucia’s daughter, Delfina, was the first wife of Gen. Salvador Natividad and Delfina helped Marcela Agoncillo to make the first Philippine flag in Hong Kong.

Maria Rizal (1859-1945) Maria was the sixth child in the family. She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865)

Concepcion (nicknamed “Concha”) did not live long to see Rizal’s martyrdom. She died early at the age of three. Josefa Rizal (1865-1945) Josefa Rizal was nicknamed Panggoyin the family. Despite suffering from epilepsy, she joined and was an active member of the Katipunan. She died a spinster.

Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951) Josefa and Trinidad were together living. Like Josefa, Trinidad also became a member of the Katipunan and died a spinster, as well. Rizal’s elegy, Mi Ultimo Adios, was in the safekeeping of Trinidad.

Soledad Rizal (1870-1929) Soledad, the youngest child in the family, was married to Pantaleon Quintero. She was a teacher and was considered as the best educated among the sisters of Rizal. RIZAL’S ONLY BROTHER

PACIANO -was born on March 7, 1851 in Calamba, Laguna

-studied at San Jose College in Manila

-became a farmer, and later a general of the Philippine Revolution

-after Rizal’s execution, he joined the Katipuneros

RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD

Rizal’s Parents

DON FRANCISCO MERCADO

The youngest of 13 children of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Binan, Laguna, studied in San Jose College of Manila and died in Manila. became lieutenant governor in Calamba was nicknamed “tiniente kiko” DOῆ A TEODORA ALONSO

was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 the second child of Brijida de Quintos and Lorenzo Alonso educated and highly cultured woman also known as “lolay” THE SURNAME RIZAL

Jose and Paciano could have known as “Lam-co” not Rizal their great-great grandfather Domingo Lamco adopted the name “Mercado” which means “Market” Jose’s father (primarily a farmer) adopted the surname “Rizal” originally “Ricial” which means “greenfields” Rizal’s Birth

Doῆ a Teodora suffered the greatest pain during the delivery she labored for a long time Jose’s head was bigger than normal JOSE RIZAL

born in Calamba Calamba derived from “kalan-banga”; “claystove” and “water jar” Calamba known as “the resort capital of the Philippines. THE CHILDHOOD OF A PHENOM

young “pepe” was weak, sickly and undersized given the fondest care by his parents his father built a nipa cottage for him to play in daytime his “aya”(nursemaid) telling a stories like fairies etc. his mother gather all the children in their home to pray the Angelus at age 3: started to take part in family prayers when concha died of sickness, Jose mournfully wept of losing her at age 5: Pepe learn to read Spanish family bible he participated in Novenas, Religious processions always listen to inspiring opinion of the town priest (Leoncio Lopez) started to make pencil sketches at age 6: he prophetically told to his sisters “ all right laughed at me now, someday when I die, people will make monument and images of me” at age 7: received a pony named “alipato” take long walks in lakeshores with “usman” before 8 years old: written a drama and purchased by gobernadorcillo of Paete for two pesos interested in magic THREE UNCLES OF RIZAL THAT INFLUENCES HIS CHILDHOOD

TIO JOSE ALBERTO –help him developed his artistic ability TIO MANUEL –inspired him to do some physical exercises TIO GREGORIO –teach him to love reading good books

The story of the Moth

One night "Doña" Teodora was reading the story of "The Moth and the Flame" in a book, El Amigo de los Ninos (The Friend of the Children).

Young Jose was not listening to his mother for he was attracted by two moths flying around the flame of the coconut oil lamp.

The young moth, disobeying its mother's advice, flew too near the flame and got killed. It felt dead into the hot oil of the lamp.

Rizal was deeply attracted by the death of the brave little moth that he did not notice when his mother ended the reading of the story. All his attention was on the light of the oil lamp and on the dead little moth.

The light that caused the little moth's death appeared to him "more beautiful" than ever. He justified the tragic fate of the little moth. Rizal believed that "it is worthy for a man to sacrifice his life for a noble cause."

[ref:j.rizal, the genius]...