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CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESRelated LiteratureAs we retreat indoors, more and more people are discovering the joy of gardening. People are bringing the outdoors inside by growing plants inside their homes and apartments. Growing plants is an excellent stress reliever as it can ...

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature As we retreat indoors, more and more people are discovering the joy of gardening. People are bringing the outdoors inside by growing plants inside their homes and apartments. Growing plants is an excellent stress reliever as it can be very rewarding to see your garden thrive. That explains why so many people have turned to gardening to cope with home quarantine. Plants can contribute to the health of your home. They improve the air quality inside your house and can help manage the temperature. Some of the best indoor plants that are easy to grow (even for beginners) and improve air quality are the snake plant, pothos, dracaena, philodendron and aloe vera. These are all hardy indoor plants that are low maintenance and thrive well inside. (Dayrit, 2020) Gardening is an excellent stress reliever for a combination of fascinating reasons: exposure to fresh air and sunlight, relaxing and repetitive tasks, and even contact with harmless bacteria in the soil that helps release serotonin in the brain. Gardening and yard work are moderate-intensity exercises, which we all need every day (for at least 30 minutes). While tending your family garden doesn't require the vigorous activity of, say, running or playing singles tennis, it's still beneficial to your body. (Holecko, 2020) Engagement in such activities will allow adults working from home to take regular breaks and reduce sedentary behaviour; children studying remotely or being home-schooled to reflect on their learning and reduce the stress associated with learning; families to interact with

each other in a meaningful way and reduce feelings of helplessness and loneliness in older adults beyond the current climate. (Felton et al., 2020) Gardening offers numerous benefits that are often overlooked in a time where convenience, instant gratification, and ease of accessibility tends to be the valued habit or mindset. Gardening also increases creativity and inspiration; positively improves participants’ mental well-being, establishes trust and close connections, and increases cultural awareness; helps create a sense of home, cultural identity, and belonging; and provides a safe, encouraging place to acquire new knowledge while learning more about gardening. (Eng et al., 2019) Through home gardening women have developed proficiency related to plants and garden practices that helps them become better home and environment managers. Their labor is indispensable to maintain the garden and to help keep production cost low. As home managers, women have useful knowledge of numerous domestic needs. By their involvement in the production process, they are able to meet family needs more easily and economically. (Galhena et al., 2013) For the most of us daily work can be so much hassle and depressing day by day, but by having plants inside your house it can help you lift up your mental health. Engagement in gardening activities have shown to reduce depression, anxiety and create strong family bond. Daily interactions with plants can increase self esteem although houseplant placing can be a hard one. There are a lot of indoor plant mistakes that can derail our efforts but Growing houseplants in our homes brings us a lot of joy and appreciation for natural beauty. Not only are they beautiful, they also purify the air and create a serene atmosphere. (Lallo et al, 2020)

Related Studies In the thematic analysis of the recent study of Raymond et al. (2018), revealed that study participants self-reported a range of environmental, psychological, physiological and social outcomes associated with their home gardening experiences. Despite home gardening often being a solitary activity, most gardeners valued the multiple forms of social interaction that occurred during important social events in their garden, or when connecting with passers-by. Home gardeners also cited benefits related to connection to nature and place attachment; attention restoration; reduced stress and anxiety; improved mood; satisfaction and pride; increased self-esteem and courage to do things differently in life; and, important education or learning opportunities. According to Beyer et al. (2014), higher levels of neighborhood green space correspond to better mental health outcomes, when controlling for a wide range of confounding factors. The associations between green space and mental health are significant and sizeable and persist with different measurement techniques. Furthermore, the estimated effect of environmental green space is similar in magnitude to that of other well-known and studied contributors to symptomology for depression, anxiety and stress. In their study, it appears that younger adults may currently experience greater need to receive the mental health benefits conferred by greener environments. Another important contribution of their study is the examination of neighborhood environmental factors other than green space. The correlation between higher unemployment levels and greater anxiety and stress and the correlation between higher levels of residential segregation and increased anxiety, stress, and depression support the need for research on

“greening” and other neighborhood strategies to counteract spatial aspects of socioeconomic disadvantage. Their finding of higher levels of depression among rural populations highlights potential benefits of environmental green spaces for diverse populations and motivates the expansion of green space research to non-urban environments, as well as the examination of benefits by socio-demographic and economic characteristics of residents. Lachowycz and Jones (2011) states that Greenspace is theoretically a valuable resource for physical activity and hence has potential to contribute to reducing obesity and improving health. The rise in obesity is well documented and research has recently expanded from a focus on individual determinants of obesity to investigating upstream influences, including how the environment in which people live influences their lifestyle and weight gain. Such socio‐ ecological approaches consider how individuals interact with their environments. One potentially important factor in a person's living environment is their access to greenspace. Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality and strength of the evidence. The majority (68%) of papers found a positive or weak association between greenspace and obesity‐ related health indicators, but findings were inconsistent and mixed across studies. Several studies found the relationship varied by factors such as age, socioeconomic status and greenspace measure. According to Sevik et al. (2017), plants help reduce the CO2 amount in the light environment at different levels. Their study aimed at determining the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the internal environment of different indoor plants. Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum floribundum Schott), Yucca (Yucca elephantipes Regel), Dieffenbachia ( Dieffenbachia amoena Gentil), and Ficus ( Ficus benjamina L.) are frequently used in studies of indoor plants that examine light temperature depending on leaf surface and the effects of CO2 in the studied

environment. Ficus is the plant that reduces the CO2 amount in the environment the fastest. Therefore, Ficus is the most suitable species to be used in reducing indoor CO2 amount, among the species included in the study. In study conducted by Hort et al. (2012), in a time when industrialization and urbanization rates reach even higher, and lack of green spaces is becoming more acute, it appears the issue of air quality both inside and outside. Plants are one of the best methods to improve indoor air quality, due to their capacity of absorbing toxins and carbon dioxide and to regulate the humidity level. In addition, researchers have proved that houseplants influence the human activity by reducing stress and stimulating the creative activity....