Sample/practice exam 2015, questions - MCQ 1-6 PDF

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q and a - notes - question and answers - summary - summary - summary merged files: MCQ 1- General Introduction and Pharmacokinetics.docx - MCQ 2 - Pharmacodynamics.doc - MCQ 3 - Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions.docx - MCQ 4 - Autonomic Pharmacology.doc - MCQ 5 - CNS Pharmacology.doc -...

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PHARMACOLOGY 300884 Practice MCQ 1 – General Introduction and Pharmacokinetics 1. The definition of pharmacology is: a. b. c. d.

the study of the formulation of drugs the study of farming techniques the study of drugs including their actions and effects in living systems The study of pharmacy (the preparation and development of drugs).

2. A drug from both human and animal sources is: a. Papaver somniferous (morphine) b. iodine c. insulin d. Eucalyptus oil. 3. The approved (generic) name of a drug is: a. a name that is protected by copyright b. a precise description of the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure c. the name used to market the drug d. The official drug name assigned by the manufacturer and approved by the local regulatory authority. 4. Transgenic animal models referred to as “knock-outs” a. b. c. d.

result from insertion of new genes result from substitution of one gene for another result from inactivation of an existing gene result from mutation of an existing gene

5. which of the following is a pharmacologically active compound derived from nonplant material? a. Mineralocorticoid b. Heavy metal c. Alkaloid d. Protein

6. Drug is classified by all of the following methods, except: a. clinical use b. chemical formula c. manufacturer d. Mechanism of action.

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7. A statistical technique used to pool data from several independent but related studies is called a. double-blind technique b. randomization c. sequential studies d. meta-analysis

8. The double-blind technique is employed in clinical trials to a. facilitate meta-analysis b. confuse regulatory agencies c. avoid bias in assigning subjects to treatment groups d. avoid bias of patients and investigators

9. Evidence-based medicine involves the use of: a. results from animal studies b. results from randomized controlled clinical trials c. results from interviews with patients d. Results from anecdotal evidence.

10. Which factor is considered to be part of the pharmaceutical phase of drug administration? a. Dissolution b. Absorption c. Excretion d. Metabolism 11. The correct sequence of pharmacokinetic phases a drug may pass through is: a. administration, inhalation, absorption and excretion b. formulation, absorption, metabolism and excretion c. disintegration, absorption, elimination and expiration d. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

12. Concerning the effect of pH on the urinary excretion of drugs, it can be correctly stated that a. b. c. d. e.

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urinary acidification accelerates excretion of weak acids and bases urinary alkalization accelerates excretion of weak acids and bases urinary acidification accelerates excretion of weak acids urinary alkalization accelerates excretion of weak acids urinary alkalization has no effect on excretion of weak bases

13. Bioavailability is defined as the: a. proportion of the dose reaching the receptor intact b. proportion of the dose reaching the systemic circulation intact c. proportion of the dose metabolized by the liver d. Proportion of the dose excreted by the kidneys. 14. The rectal route of administration a. provides nearly 100 percent bioavailability b. is only used for localized effects c. is suitable for persons with nausea and vomiting d. is subject to a high degree of first-pass metabolism e. is used for administration of nitroglycerin

15. . A drug given by which route could theoretically reach high plasma concentrations and have 100% bioavailability? a. Oral b. Inhalation c. Injection d. Topical administration 16. If the area under the curve of an oral dose is one-quarter that for an IV dose, what can one assume the bioavailability of the oral dose is? a. b. c. d.

0.25% 250% 2.5% 25%

17. What type of drug could potentially have a large volume of distribution? a. b. c. d.

Water soluble Lipid soluble Uncharged High molecular weight

18. A drug with a low volume of distribution (VD) is likely to be found mainly: a. b. c. d.

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in the circulatory system in the central nervous system contained in the urine in extravascular compartments.

19. The half-life of a drug could be potentially decreased in which situation? a. b. c. d.

Enzyme induction Renal failure Liver failure Cardiovascular disease

20. Drugs are most readily absorbed across cells of the a. b. c. d. e.

gastrointestinal tract renal tubules vascular endothelium lung parenchyma liver

21. Hepatic clearance of a drug occurs as a result of: a. b. c. d.

blood flow glomerular filtration enzymatic capacity water solubility.

22. The binding of drugs to plasma albumin (basic drug bind to globulins) a. b. c. d. e.

is usually irreversible is saturable is most important for basic drugs accelerates drug metabolism accelerates drug excretion

23. Most drugs are absorbed across cell membranes of the gut by the process of a. b. c. d. e.

diffusing through lipid pinocytosis diffusing through aqueous pores carrier-mediated transport ion trapping

24. Transdermal drug administration a. b. c. d. e. 4

is most suitable for highly polar drugs is not subject to first-pass hepatic metabolism provides rapid and complete absorption is only used for localized effects is most suitable for unconscious persons

25. Which factor cannot directly affect the rate of metabolism? a. b. c. d.

Genetic mutation Age Route of administration (only affects absorption) Disease state

26. If a drug exhibits saturation (zero-order) kinetics, then a. b. c. d. e.

the rate of drug elimination is constant drug half-life is constant drug clearance is constant plasma drug concentration is constant plasma drug concentration falls exponentially

27. Which of the following statements is true of the elimination process? a. Unchanged molecules may be excreted b. Cardiac failure leads to increased excretion c. The distal tubule is the main site of active secretion d. Alkalinisation of the urine may promote excretion of basic drugs 28. Systemic clearance may be expressed as: a. L/hour or ml/per second b. mL/hour c. g/litre d. Weight/volume. 29. Which of the following will be increased if the rate of drug absorption from the gut is reduced? a. b. c. d. e.

oral bioavailability volume of distribution peak plasma drug concentration elimination half-life duration of action

30. Inactive prodrugs have been developed to: a. b. c. d. e.

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reduce drug toxicity increase drug half-life decrease hepatic drug metabolism increase drug absorption slow drug excretion

31. If a drug has a half-life of 4 hours: a. the drug will exhibit its maximum effect after 4 hours b. the plasma concentration of the drug will fall to 50% of the peak plasma concentration in 4 hours c. the initial dose of drug administered will be eliminated in 4 hours d. Steady state will be reached in 4 hours.

32. Hepatic cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes are primarily found in a. b. c. d. e.

cell nuclei plasma membranes the cytoplasm the smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria

33. Phase II drug metabolism a. b. c. d. e.

includes hydrolytic reactions produces low molecular weight products usually forms inactive metabolites takes place mainly in the kidneys requires NADPH as a cofactor

34. In first-order drug elimination a. b. c. d. e.

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drug half-life is directly proportional to drug concentration the rate of elimination is directly proportional to drug concentration drug clearance is directly proportional to plasma drug concentration the rate of elimination is constant the rate of elimination is unpredictable...