Sample/practice examKHA111 PDF

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KHA111 Practice Exam 1. According to Freud, preconscious mental processes are: a. Rational, goal directed thought at the centre of awareness b. Thoughts that are not conscious, but could become conscious at any time c. Irrational, inaccessible thoughts d. Inert, unconscious thoughts 2. In Carl Roger’s view, psychology should try to understand a. How beliefs, rituals and institutions shape individuals b. The ways in which unconscious conflicts underlie an individual’s behaviour c. The way people conceive of reality and experience themselves and their world d. That life has no absolute value or meaning and that ultimately we all face death 3. The primary method of behaviourism is: a. introspection b. the case study c. the experimental method d. the survey method 4. Humanistic theories focus on: a. private thoughts and behaviours b. human beings c. mental processes d. the uniqueness of the individual 5. Who pioneered American Behaviourism? a. John Locke b. B. F. Skinner c. John Watson d. Ivan Pavlov 6. Characteristics that help organisms adjust and survive are referred to as: a. adaptive traits b. functional traits c. structuralist traits d. natural forces

7. The major difference between ethology and sociobiology is that: a. ethology studies animal behaviour whereas sociobiology studies human behaviour b. ethology emphasises biology whereas sociobiology emphasises learning c. sociobiology studies animal behaviour whereas ethology studies human behaviour d. there is no difference between the two fields 8. Which statement is true? a. Psychologists only treat people with mental illnesses and disorders b. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication c. Psychologists use medication to treat mental illness d. Psychologists adhere to the medical model of treatment 9. The first few hours after hatching are a critical period for goslings because: a. they are most vulnerable to predators at that time b. they must quickly initiate the swimming reflex in order to survive c. they are biologically prepared to follow whatever moving object they see d. all of the above 10. Many older people experience presbycusis, a. a decline in level of sexual interest b. an age-related decline in memory function c. the gradual loss of sexual sensation d. the inability to hear high frequency sounds 11. Research indicates that an infant exposed to a “looming object”, such as a large, expansive shadow, will: a. show a defensive response b. indicate curiosity about the shadow c. not interpret the object as threatening, as would an older child d. quickly become accustomed to this type of stimuli 12. For Piaget, the driving force behind development is a. Assimilation b. Accommodation c. Equilibriation d. Schemas 13. The problems older people have with long-term memory appear to be largely in the a. Encoding of implicit memories b. Retrieval of explicit memories c. Storage of information d. Area of recognition memory

14. The bulk of research suggests that Piaget was correct in many of the broad strokes he used to describe cognitive development, including his proposal that: a. children become less egocentric as they develop b. culture plays a dominant role in development c. development varies widely among children of the same age d. all of the above 15. Kristy was very upset when her mother left her alone in the Strange Situation. When her mother returned, Kristy was angry and rejecting, yet at the same time sought to be close to her. Kristy’s attachment pattern is best described as a. disorganised b. securely attached c. ambivalent d. avoidant 16. When asked to describe himself, Jason replies: “I‟m good at maths and I‟m the best skateboarder in my school.” Based on his description Jason is probably about a. 3 years old b. 6 years old c. 9 years old d. 16 years old 17. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is criticised as biased against women because a. Kholberg never examined the moral reasoning of women in his research b. Women’s moral concerns are more likely to centre on issues of care and responsibility rather than justice c. Women’s moral concerns are more likely to centre on issues of justice rather than care and responsibility d. Men are very concerned with obeying rules whereas women are not 18. Children differ substantially in the way they form relationships and are accepted by their peers. Children who are disliked by their peers are termed: a. rejected children b. social pariahs c. socially inept d. bullies 19. Around what age do children begin to define themselves by their internal psychological attributes, as much as by their obviously perceptible qualities, such as appearance? a. 2 b. 5 c. 8 d. 12

20. The descriptive approach embodied in the DSM-5 tends to be most compatible with a. The psychodynamic approach b. A disease model of psychopathology c. The cognitive-behavioural approach d. The systems approach to psychopathology 21. The neurotransmitter that seems to be involved in schizophrenia is a. Dopamine b. GABA c. Norepinephrine d. Acetylcholine 22. Psychodynamic therapists view many neurotic symptoms as: a. an expression of or compromise among various motives b. the expression of biological influence on motives c. an expression of environmental influence on motives d. a combination of b and c 23. Constellations of symptoms that tend to occur together are called: a. clinical syndromes b. diagnostic clusters c. psychopathological categories d. descriptive patterns 24. Beck describes the negative triad as a negative outlook on a. The past, present and future b. The self, family and others c. The world, self and future d. Working loving and happiness 25. Many people with ________ describe themselves as “worry warts.” a. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder b. Dissociative Identity Disorder c. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder d. Generalised Anxiety Disorder 26. Marwan hides under his bed whenever he hears an airplane fly low over his house. The sound of the airplane reminds him of the bombing he experienced during the Gulf War in 1991, when he lived in Baghdad. Of the following conditions, Marwan is most likely suffering from _______. a. GAD b. DID c. OCD d. PTSD

27. If a study fails to convincingly test the experimenter’s hypothesis, it is said to lack: a. external validity b. internal validity c. external reliability d. internal reliability 28. Surveys should reflect: a. the demographic characteristics of the population b. all of the biases in the population c. random biases d. the psychographic characteristics of the population. 29. A basic premise of science is that knowledge should initially be acquired through _______. a. Introspection b. Intuition c. Observation d. Theories 30. Thinking scientifically means _______. a. planning to become a scientist b. using scientific methods to overcome personal bias c. questioning every fact you know d. using science in everyday life 31. One advantage of a case study is that it: a. establishes causation b. can be generalised to the population c. allows study of complex phenomena not easily reproduced experimentally d. maximises control over relevant variables 32. In experimental research, the dependent variable is _________ by the researcher. a. operationalised b. manipulated c. measured d. conditioned 33. Researchers have conducted many correlational and longitudinal studies involving children and media violence. Such studies do not prove a definitive causal link between the two because _______. a. the research sample sizes were not large enough b. the meaning of violence is subject to interpretation c. they cannot replicate real-world experiences d. they are not true scientific experiments

34. ________ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs. a. John Watson b. Ivan Pavlov c. B. F. Skinner d. Albert Bandura 35. The abbreviation UCS stands for a. unconditional statement. b. uniform conditioned subject. c. unconditioned sensation. d. unconditioned stimulus. 36. Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, her fear was a learned behaviour. The UCS in this case was probably a. the dentist's beard. b. sweet toothpaste. c. painful teeth cleaning. d. small prizes given after the exam. 37. The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behaviour is called a. operant conditioning. b. classical conditioning. a. effective based learning. b. discovery learning. 38. In the Pavlovian studies, the unconditioned stimulus was _______ a. a metronome b. meat powder c. a bell d. salivation 39. Hakim’s history class meets in an auditorium. After failing his first test, Hakim developed test anxiety whenever a class met in a room that reminds him of the auditorium. Hakim is experiencing _______. a. Stimulus discrimination b. Latent inhibition c. Stimulus generalization d. Backward conditioning 40. Observational learning allows us to learn without _______. a. Effort b. Reinforcement c. Cognition d. remembering what we have learned

41. Ella is seeing a psychotherapist to assist with her managing conflict between she and her boss. The therapist seats Ella in one chair, and asks her to imagine

a. b. c. d.

her boss in the other and what she would say to her if her boss were there. Ella is most likely engaging in which type of therapy? Free association Imaginal exposure Empty-chair technique Dodgy

42. Which therapeutic perspective believes that healthy people are aware of their own behaviour? a. Gestalt b. Humanistic c. Psychodynamic d. Cognitive 43. Which therapies focus on the phenomenology of the client? a. Behavioural b. Existential c. Psychodynamic d. Humanistic 44. A similarity between psychodynamic and humanistic therapies is that they both a. Have been criticized in terms of scientific rigour of efficacy studies b. Acknowledge the role of the unconscious in shaping behaviour c. Indicate that insight will result in curing of mental disorders d. Are not recognized as valid treatments...