SAR - Lecture notes Summary PDF

Preview

Summary

Summary...

Description

SAR o Very diverse o DNA similarities o Controversial o Groups:  Stramenophiles  V imp  2ndry endosym from red algae  Hairy and smooth flagellum pair  Organisms: o Diatoms  Unicell  Component phytoplank  Two part wall of SiO2  Holes release pressure  Fossilized diatoms=diatomaceous earth  Blooms use CO2, pump C to bottom of ocean  Good for env o Golden algae  Yellow and brown cartenoids  Biflagellate  Most unicellular  Mixotrophic  Phagocytic  Phytoplank of freshwater  Cysts in hostile conditions o Brown algae (phaeophytes)  Largest, most complex  Multicellular  Marine; temperate cool waters  Fucoxanthin (xanthophyll) gives color  Structure  Holdfast ~ root  Stipe ~ stem  Blade ~ leaf  Floats keep blades close to sunlight  No true tissues or organs  Imp to humans  Life cycles: alternation of generations o Multicell gametophyte (n) alt w multicell sporophyte (2n) o Isomorphic: structurally same o Heteromorphic: structurally dif  Alveolates  Alveoli: sm memb bound cavity under PM  Func: stability, water/ion reg  2ndry symbiosis of red algae  Orgs: o Dinoflagellates: flagellates  Cellulose plates  2 flagella

 Phytoplankton (marine and freshwater)  Foundation aquatic FC  Mixotrophic  Some heterotrophs  Bioluminescence  Mutualistic symbionts:  Coral polyps, sea anemone, jellyfish, radiolarians, foraminiferans  Blooms= red tide  Some prod toxins, can kill orgs o Apicomplexans: parasites  Endoparasites  Spread as sporozites  Apex: contains complex of organelles to penetrate tissues  Apicoplasts: non photosynthetic plastid from red algae  Sex and asex stages: 2+ hosts  Plasmodium= malaria  Mosquito & human= host  Can change surface protein; evade detection o Ciliates: predators  Predator of bac and other protists  2 types nuclei:  Macronuclei (2n) “everyday genes”  Micronuclei (n)  Paramecium  Shuffle genes in conjugation o Sex process o Exchange haploid micronuclei o Inc genetic variability o No repod no ofspring o Micronuclei fuse diploid micronucleus; meiosis  Asex by binary fission o Macronuc disintegrates o 2n macronuc forms new ones by mitosis o 2 rounds binary fission4 daughter cells...