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DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF COFFEE CUPS ON HOT WATER Aim: To investigate the effects different cups can have on the rate of cooling. Hypothesis: The pink coffee mug will have a smaller change in temperature over time as it will be a better insulator than the other two cups. Variables Independent: The type of cup. Dependent: Change in temperature over time. Controlled: Amount of water in each cup. The frequency of measuring (every two minutes.) The starting temperature of the water in each cup. Temperature of each cup at the beginning.

Equipment: -

Varying types of coffee cups x3

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Source of hot water (600ml per experiment)

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Thermometers x3

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Timer x1

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Safety mat x1

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Paper x1

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Pen x1

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Beaker x1

Method: 1. Set the three different cups in a row and place them on a safety mat.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Fill the beaker with 75° C water. Pour 200ml of water into each cup. Insert a thermometer into each cup. Start stopwatch. After every two minutes record the temperature from the thermometer using a pen and paper. 7. Continue this for twelve minutes. 8. Stop stopwatch after 12 minutes.

Trial 1: Types of cups with the temperature after twelve minutes. Ti me ( Mi ns)

PI NK( ° C)

WHI TE( ° C) BROWN( ° C)

2

65

70. 5

62. 9

4

63. 1

67. 2

59

6

58

64. 8

57

8

60

62. 2

60

10

58

53

55. 5

12

56

58

51

Trial 2: Types of cups with the temperature after twelve minutes. Ti me ( mi ns)

PI NK( ° C) WHI TE( ° C) BROWN( ° C)

2

71. 8

71. 5

70. 5

4

69

69

67

6

67

63

64

8

65

60. 24

61. 14

10

64

52. 9

59

12

61

55. 2

55

Table 3: The averages between the trials. Time(mins) 2 4 6 8 10 12 Graph:

° C) Pink ( 68.4 66.05 62.5 62.5 61 58.5

White ( ° C) 71 68.1 63.9 62.12 52.95 56.6

Brown ( ° C) 66.7 63 60.5 60.57 57.25 53

Explanation of results: Table one shows that the white cup had the highest temperature after twelve minutes whereas table two showed that the pink cup had the highest temperature . Brown consistently had the lowest temperature between the two sets of results. Table 3 displays the averages between the 2 trials. This shows that the pink cup has the highest overall temperature and the brown cup has the lowest. These results show that the pink cup has less heat conduction and loses less heat energy. This is likely due to it being thicker and having denser material. There is significant difference between the two sets of results. This is shown when the heat rises between intervals.

Errors and improvements: The results were partly compromised. This was due to the delay of measurements. For example, if the brown cup were to be last it would be measured at 2:10 instead of two minutes. This was due to the delay of measuring three different cups at the same time intervals. We could have improved this by doing each cup separately. The change in days between results one and two may have impacted the results due to the climate varying. This could have been solved by doing both sets of results on the same day. Human error of mis reading the thermometers could also have occurred. This could have been resolved by using digital thermometers.

Conclusion: To conclude our hypothesis was met in one set of results (table two and the averaged results.) Overall, this experiment displayed that the pink coffee cup is a better insulator then the white and brown coffee cups. This is explained by the material of the cup causing a reduced amount of conduction. In contrast the Styrofoam (White) an paper cup (brown) where poorer insulators and lost heat energy quicker to the surroundings....