Scied 230- Module 12 - Lecture notes 12 PDF

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BRYAN LESTER M. DELA CRUZ SCIED230- CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS GENSCIA (3:00 PM- 8:00 PM SATURDAY) Module 12- Gases and Plasmas I. MATCHING TYPE: Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. A B B 1. Troposphere A. reflects radio waves E 2. Stratosphere B. lowest layer in the atmosphere A 3. Ionosphere C. highest layer in the atmosphere C 4. Exosphere D. layer where jets fly to minimize the effects of weather. E. keeps most of the UV radiation from the sun from reaching the earth’s atmosphere. II. FILL IN THE BLANKS: Choose the correct answer from the words inside the parenthesis. 1. Compared to warm air, cold air is (MORE DENSE) for a given volume. 2. The layer closest to the earth, where all weather changes take place is called the (TROPOSPHERE). 3. The layer after the mesosphere where air is very thin is called the (THERMOSPHERE). 4. The layer in which the temperature drops as altitude increases is called the (TROPOSPHERE). III. ESSAY WRITING: Answer in not more than 5 sentences. Air pollution due to suspended particulate matter in the air -----primarily dust and smoke pose a major health problem to city dwellers. This is a concern not only in Metro Manila but all over the world, where urban cities are becoming highly industrialized. 1. What can factories do or implement to control air pollution that reaches the most affected layer of the atmosphere? Factories should strictly follow the environmental law pertaining to air pollution control. Treating the exhaust gas from their factories before releasing it in the atmosphere should be done all the time to control air pollution. This can be done by employing a large smokestack so that the pollution is effectively mixed with the higher winds above the earth’s surface. Another way is to design the smokestack such that the air pollution is warm enough to punch through any local temperature inversions that may be present. They may also include carbon scrubber machines that further reduce the smoke before it reaches the stack. 2. Write down at least one latest/recent discovery or breakthrough in utilizing other energy sources that create less air pollution. New Technology Generates Power from Polluted Air Researchers from the University of Antwerp and KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Belgium, have succeeded in developing a process that purifies air and, at the same time, generates power. The device must only be exposed to light in order to function. The researchers use specific nanomaterials and their goal is to be able to use sunlight, as the processes underlying the technology are similar to those found in solar panels. The difference here is that electricity is not generated directly, but rather that air is purified while the generated power is stored as hydrogen gas.

3. What is Plasma? In Physics, plasma is an electrically conducting medium in which there are roughly equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized. It is sometimes referred to as the fourth state of matter, distinct from the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. In a nutshell, it is a superheated matter- so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas. 4. Why Plasma is important? Plasma is important because it comprises over 99% of the visible universe. In the night sky, plasma glows in the form of stars, nebulas, and even the auroras that sometimes ripple above the north and south poles. That branch of lighting that cracks the sky is plasma, the neon signs along our city streets and so is our sun, the star that makes life on earth possible. Researchers have used the properties of plasma as a charged gas to confine it with magnetic fields and to heat it to temperatures hotter than the core of the sun. Other researchers pursue plasmas for making computer chips, rocket propulsion, cleaning the environment, destroying biological hazards, healing wounds and other exciting applications. 5. Explain Archimedes Principle. Archimedes’ principle allows the buoyancy of any floating object partially or fully immersed in a fluid to be calculated. The downward force on the object is simply its weight and the upward, or buoyant force on the object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object totally or partially immersed in a fluid or liquid. Thus, the net force on the object is the difference between the magnitudes of the buoyant force and its weight. If this net force is positive, the object rises; if negative, the object sinks; and if zero, the object is neutrally buoyant—that is, it remains in place without either rising or sinking. In simple words, Archimedes’ principle states that, when a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid, it experiences an apparent loss in weight that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body(s)....