Scope of Rural Sociology PDF

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ScopeofRur alSoci ol ogy I ncompar i sont oot hersoci alsci ences,Rur alSoci ol ogyi sanovel br anc h of Soci ol ogy t hat can be consi der ed an i ndependent sci encewi t hi t sown t opi cmat t erandt echni queofi nv es t i gat i on. Thet er m" scopeoft hedi sci pl i ne"r e f er st owhatRur alSoci ol ogy r e f er st o ast hesubj ec tmat t ert hati ti nves t i gat es." Thefie l d of Rur alSoci ol ogyi st hes t udyofassoci at i onamongpeopl ewhol i v e nearorar edi r ect l ydependentonagr i cul t ur e, "N. L.Si msexpl ai ns i n or der t o br i ng at t ent i on t ot he ext ent oft he t opi c.I ti s concer ned wi t h open count r y and vi l l agegr oupi ngs,aswe l las t hebehavi ouroft hesegr oups. "

" Thescopeofr ur alsoci ol ogyi st hede scr i pt i on and anal ysi sof t he pr ogr ess of var i ous gr oups as t hey exi st i n t he r ur al envi r onment , " accor di ng t o Lowr y Ne l son. I n t he wor ds of Ber t r and and hi s col l eagues," Rur alSoci ol ogy i st he st udy of human r e l at i onshi ps i n r ur al envi r onment si n i t s br oades t defini t i on. "On t he basi s oft he vi ewpoi nt s expr essed by Si ms, Ne l son,and Ber t r and,i thasbeen de t er mi ned t hatt hescopeof Rur alSoci ol ogy i sl i mi t ed t or ur alpeopl e,t hei rl i v e l i hood,and soci alr e l at i onshi ps i nr ur alenvi r onment s,r at her t han ur ban peopl e.

Despi t et hef actt hati texami nessoci et yf r om ar ur alper s pect i v e, i t s pr i mar yf ocus i s on r ur all i f e and cul t ur e.I ti s possi bl et o s t at e cat egor i cal l yt hat t he i ssues cover ed by t he scope ar e ext r eme l ybr oad i n nat ur e,and t hatt hescope' sboundar i e sar e

ext r eme l y var i abl e . The f ol l owi ng subj ec t s pr ovi de i l l ust r at i ve exampl esoft hescopeofr ur alsoci ol ogyt hatcanbeunder s t ood. Rur alSoci et y: Rur alSoci ol ogyi ssomet i mesr e f e r r edt oast hesoci ol ogyofr ur al soci e t y ,whi c hi s a common under s t andi ng.Rur alSoci ol ogy ,i n addi t i on t oexami ni ngr ur alsoci e t y ,i nvest i gat est henat ur eand basi c component s ofr ur alsoci et yf r om bot h st r uct ur aland f unct i onalper spec t i ves.Oneoft hemos ti mpor t antgoal sofr ur al soci ol ogy i st oi nv est i gat et he soci all i f e ofr ur alpeopl e .Rur al soci al l i f e compr i ses t he pat t er ns of be havi our , web of r e l at i onshi ps,soci ali nt er act i ons ,s t andar d ofl i vi ng,and soci oeconomi c condi t i ons of t he r ur al peopl e, as we l l as t hei r envi r onment and sur r oundi ngs. As a r esul t , when t he boundar i e s ofRur alSoci e t y ar e wi dened,t he scope ofRur al Soci ol ogyi sbr oadenedaswe l l .

Rur alPopul at i on: Rur alSoci ol ogyi spr i mar i l yconcer ned wi t ht hepeopl ewhol i ve i n r ur al ar eas t hat ar e geogr aphi cal l y defined. The nat ur e, char act er i st i cs, si z e , densi t y , and di s t r i but i on of r ur al popul at i onsar ei nves t i gat edf r om avar i e t yofper s pect i v esi nt hi s di sci pl i ne .Rur alSoci ol ogy i s concer ned wi t ht he s t udy oft he var i abl es t hatcont r i but et o popul at i on expansi on,t he negat i ve effec t s ofpopul at i on gr owt h on r ur alsoci e t y ,and r ur al –ur ban mi gr at i oni nt hei nt er es toft hecount r yasawhol e.I tal soai mst o gai n a bet t er under st andi ng of t he be havi our al pat t e r ns ,

pr evai l i ngconvent i ons ,andf ol kl or et hati nfluencet hedayt oday l i f eoft her ur alpopul at i oni ngener al .

Rur alCommuni t y:

Tr adi t i onal l y ,t he r ur al communi t y i s r egar ded as one of manki nd' s most anci ent gr oups.Ther e f or e,r ur alsoci ol ogy i s pr i mar i l yconcer nedwi t ht heor i gi ns,nat ur alchar act er i s t i csand human ecol ogy ofr ur alcommuni t i es as wel las t hei r soci al c har act er i s t i csand human ecol ogy . .Mor eover ,i ti nves t i gat est he homogeneoust r aj ec t or yoft hei nflexi bl eandconser vat i venat ur e ofal r eady exi s t i ng cust oms and t r adi t i ons as wel las f ol kways and mor esaswel lasnor msand val uesi nr ur alcommuni t i es, andsoon. .

Rur alSoci alOr gani zat i on: Ever y soci et y ,as wel las soci all i f e,i s suppor t ed by a s t r ong net wor kofsoci alor gani sat i ons .I ti sf ort hi sr easont hatt hemos t i mpor t ant j ob of Rur al Soci ol ogy i s t o pr ovi de essent i al under st andi ngaboutr ur alsoci alor gani sat i on.Tr adi t i onalRur al Soci alOr gani z at i on encompassest hes pi r i t uall i v esoft her ur al peopl e, r e l i gi ous act i vi t i es, sacr ed r e l at i onshi ps, and di vi ne not i onsofr ebi r t h( Kar maphal a,f orexampl e) ,al lofwhi ch hav ea pr of oundi mpactont heent i r er ur alsoci all i f e .Rur alsoci ol ogy ,as a r esul t ,i nvest i gat es t he f ut ur e pr os pect s of r ur al soci al

or gani sat i onandt hegover ni ngl awst hatwi l lgui dei t sgr owt hf or t hegoodofr ur alsoci et y . Rur alSoci alI nst i t ut i on: Soci ali ns t i t ut i onsi nr ur alar easr ef ert ot hewel l known figur es ofpr ocesses t hatar e pr eval enti nt he r e l at i onshi ps t hatexi s t amongstr ur alpeopl e.Consequent l y ,r ur alsoci ol ogyi nvest i gat e s t he s t r uc t ur e, c har act er i st i cs, and f unc t i ons of r ur al soci al i ns t i t ut i ons i n or der t o be t t er under st and t hem. Fami l y , mar r i age,ki nshi p,r e l i gi on,and cas t ear eal lexampl esofr ur al soci ali ns t i t ut i ons .Regi onaland r ur alsoci ol ogy i st hest udy of t hesoci ol ogi cali mpor t anceoft heseor gani sat i onsi nt hecont ext ofar ur alse t t i ng. Rur alEconomy: Agr i c ul t ur ei st heeconomi cbac kboneofr ur alcommuni t i es,and agr i cul t ur e empl oys t he vast maj or i t y of t he r ur al peopl e. Agr i busi nesspr ovi dest hem wi t hameansofear ni ngal i vi ngand sus t ai ni ng t hemse l v es.As a r esul t ,r ur alsoci ol ogy i nvest i g at es t he f ac t or st hat cont r i but et ot he f ai l ur e of agr i cul t ur e and pr oposesa v ar i e t y ofsol ut i onsf ort hegr owt h ofagr i cul t ur ei n r ur alcommuni t i es.Rur alsoci et yr esear ch shoul d al so i nc l ude t he accept ance ofnew agr i c ul t ur alt ec hnol ogy among f ar mi ng cent r es, t he upgr adi ng of t r adi t i onal f ar mi ng me t hods, t he est abl i shment of open mar ke t pl aces, and t he pr ovi si on of agr i cul t ur alt r ai ni ngt of ar mer s,amongot hert opi c s. Rur alsoci alPr ocess:

Rur alSoci ol ogyi sal soconcer nedwi t ht het wopr ocessesofr ur al soci al cont act , name l y ,t he conj unct i v e and t he di sj unct i ve pr ocesses of i nt er ac t i on. Cooper at i on, accommodat i on, and assi mi l at i on ar eal las pect soft her ur alc onj unc t i vepr ocess.The r ur aldi sj unct i v epr ocess,on t heot herhand,i schar act er i sed by compet i t i on and confli ctbe t ween f ar mer s.Thi s meanst hatt he scope ofRur alSoci ol ogy mus tt ake i nt o account t he nat ur e, c har act er i s t i cs,and soci alsi gni ficanceoft hesepr ocessesi n an accept abl emanner .

Rur alRel i gi on:

Rur alci vi l i z at i oni schar act er i sedbyast r ongpr esenceofr e l i gi on, whi chi sseenast hesouloft hepeopl ewhol i v et her eandast he qui nt essence ofr ur all i f e.The r ur alpeopl e bl i ndl y adher et o r e l i gi ous i deal s and val ues,and t hey r egar d wor shi ppi ng as a pr i mar yr es ponsi bi l i t y .Rur alSoci ol ogyi sdefinedast hes t udyof t henot i on andsoci alsi gni ficanceofr ur alr e l i gi on,aswe l last he i mpactofr ur alr e l i gi ononr ur alsoci et yi nt hi sse t t i ng. Rur alCul t ur e:

Cul t ur er ef er st ot hecompl ex whol et hatcompr i sesknowl edge, be l i ef ,mor all aw,ar t ,cust om,and anyot herabi l i t i e st hatman has acqui r ed as a member ofsoci e t y .I ti s compr i sed oft he f ol l owi ng el ement s: I t s r oot s ar e deep i n dogmat i c and conser vat i ve dogmas, maki ng r ur al cul t ur eas t agnant and

unchangi ngenvi r onmenti n whi c ht ol i ve.Thet er m" t r adi t i onal " encompassest hi ngssuch ashi s t or i ccus t omsand t r adi t i onsas we l las f ol kways,mor es,nor ms,and val ues.Ur ban and Rur al Soci ol ogy ar e bot h concer ned wi t h t he compl exi t y of r ur al cul t ur e ,i t s var i ous st r uct ur al st r uct ur es, cul t ur al pat t er ns, cul t ur alf eat ur es,and cul t ur all agi nr ur alcont e xt s.Ur ban and Rur alSoci ol ogy i s concer ned wi t ht he compl exi t i es ofur ban cul t ur e . Rur alSoci alPr obl ems:

I ti scr uci alt onot et hatr ur alsoci ol ogycover st hes t udyofi ssues t hat ar e pr eval ent i nr ur all i vi ng,whi c hi s one oft he maj or cont ent soft hefie l d.Pr obl emscent r edonsoci oeconomi cr eal i t i es, pol i t i calcl i mat esand val uesbased cul t ur esar eatt hehear tof t hese i ssues. Pover t y , unempl oyment , popul at i on gr owt h, i l l i t er acy ,cast ei sm,and unt ouchabi l i t y ar e some oft he i ssues t hat f ac e t he wor l d t oday . Rur al Soci ol ogy , as a r esul t , i nvest i gat es t he or i gi ns and negat i ve consequences of t hese i ssues, as wel l as pr oposi ng sol ut i ons t hat ar ei nt he bes t i nt er est soft hecount r yasa whol e.Duet ot hef ac tt hatt hese i ssuesar ebased i nr ur alc i vi l i zat i onst hatar eal sodi st i nctf r om one anot her i nt er ms ofcul t ur e and geogr aphy ,t hei r causes, nat ur e,and sol ut i ons di fferf r om one anot her .I ti st hegoalof r ur alsoci ol ogyt oi dent i f yt hesi mi l ar i t i esandcont r ast sbe t ween t he pr obl ems t hat ar i se f r om di ffer ent di fficul t i e s now i n exi s t ence,and t he fiel d al so st r i v es t o gi v e vi abl e sol ut i ons t o t hesepr obl ems.

Rur alSoci alCont r ol :

Soci alcont r oli st heabi l i t yofagr oup orsoci et yt oexer tcont r ol overan i ndi vi dual .Soci alcont r oli nr ur alsoci et yi sf or maland r i gor ous i n nat ur e,as i st he case i n mos tsoci e t i es.Re l i gi ons, cust oms,f ol kways,mor es,nor ms,andot heri nf or malmeansand agenci esofsoci alcont r ol ,such asr e l i gi ons ,cus t oms,f ol kways, mor es,andnor ms,amongot hert hi ngs,ar eext ensi ve l yst udi edi n r ur al soci ol ogy .I nr ur al soci et y ,t he i mper at i ve f undament al gr oupi ngs,such ast hef ami l y and t henei ghbour hood,pl ay an i mpor t antr ol ei nt hecont r olofsoci alor der . Rur alSoci alChange: Thet er m" soci alc hange"r ef er st osol e l yt hosechangest hatoccur i nsoci alor gani sat i on,whi chi nc l udest hest r uct ur eandact i vi t i es ofsoci e t y .Rur alsoci et yhasr ecent l yembar ked on a j our neyof soci alt r ansf or mat i on.Rur alsoci et yi s under goi ng r emar kabl e t r ans f or mat i ons i nt he t went i et h cent ur y as a r esul t of t he i nfluenceofmoder ni si ngf or cessuc h asmoneyand t echnol ogy . Rur alSoci ol ogy t akes t he r equi r ed st eps t o acce l er at e soci al t r ans f or mat i on i n r ur al ar eas whi l e al so mai nt ai ni ng t he moment um t hathasal r eadybeenest abl i shed.Rur alSoci ol ogyi s l i kewi se concer ned wi t h t he syst emat i ci nvest i gat i on of t he var i ous f ac t or st hati nfluence soci alc hange i nr ur alar eas.As we l last hi s,i ts t r i vest oofferal t er nat i ver emedi esf oranychange t hathascausedader ai l menti nr ur alsoci all i f e.

Rur alUr banCont r ast :

Unl essand unt i lt hest udyofr ur al ur ban cont r asti sconduct ed i n apr operand sci ent i ficmanner ,t hes t udyofr ur alsoci e t ywi l l r emai ni ncompl e t e .A hypot he t i calcompar i son oft wo di ssi mi l ar ki ndsofcommunall i f ei smadebe t ween t hevi l l ageandt heci t y . Rur alSoci ol ogyi st hest udy oft hecont r astbe t ween r ur aland ur ban l i f ef r om t he per spect i v es ofsoci al ,economi c,r e l i gi ous, and c ul t ur alf ac t or s.Fur t her mor e,r ur alsoci ol ogy emphasi ses t he i mpor t ance ofdoi ng a compar at i v e anal ysi s oft hese t wo ci vi l i z at i ons.Duet ot hedi s par i t yi nt heset woper spec t i ves,t he conceptofr ur alsoci e t y and soci ali ns t i t ut i ons may be c l ear l y under st ood. Rur alPl anni ngandRecons t r uct i on:

Rur al pl anni ng and r ebui l di ng ar e ext r eme l y i mpor t ant i n deve l opi ng and deve l opi ng count r i es al i ke.I nt hi s cont ext ,t he i mpover i shed and bac kwar d si t uat i on ofr ur alsoci et yi nI ndi a necessi t at es t he syst emat i c and pl anned pl anni ng and r e habi l i t at i on oft hesoci et yi n ques t i on.Manyi ssuesand soci al concer nspl aguer ur alsoci e t y ,andt heyar edi fficul tt odealwi t h. The st at e and t he f eder algover nment s shoul d col l abor at ei n or dert oer adi cat et hesei ssuesand i mpr ov er ur all i vi ng.Pr oper pl anni ngand r econst r uct i on shoul d beunder t aken bybot ht he s t at e and f eder algover nment s .Accor di ng t o A. R.Desai ,Rur al

Soci ol ogyi nvest i gat esal loft heset opi c sandpr ovi desappr opr i at e gui dancei nt hi sdi r ect i on.

I ti scl earf r om t hef or egoi nganal ysi st hatt hescopeorsubj ec t mat t erofRur alSoci ol ogyi s ,wi t houta doubt ,qui t ebr oad.The s t udyofr ur alsoci et y ,des pi t et hef ac tt hati ti st heyoungestand mos t advanced of t he sci ences, anal yses a wi de r ange of c har act er i s t i cs ofr ur alsoci e t y and r ur all i vi ng t o an ext ensi v e ext ent ....