Scopolamine PDF

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Summary

Scopolamine...

Description

Scopolamine Class: anticholinergic/ antiemetic Generic Drug Name: (transderm- Scop) Method of Action (MOA): Works by correcting the imbalance between acetylcholine & norepinephrine in the higher centers in the brain (vomiting center). Inhibits the muscarinic activity of acetylcholine. Indications/Uses and expected Therapeutic outcome: preoperative control of secretions; motion sickness prevention. Reduction of spasms Contraindications and Precautions: • • • •

Hypersensitivity Angle-closure glaucoma Acute hemorrhage Tachycardia secondary to cardiac insufficiency or thyrotoxicosis OB: Avoid use in pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia (may cause seizures); otherwise, use only if potential maternal benefit justifies potential fetal risk; Possible intestinal obstruction Prostatic hyperplasia Lactation: Use while breast feeding only if potential maternal benefit justifies potential risk to infant

Adverse reactions: “Common Side Effects** -

CNS: drowsiness, confusion CV: tachycardia, palpitations Derm: decreased sweating EENT: blurred vision, mydriasis, photophobia GI: dry mouth, constipation GU: urinary hesitancy, urinary retention

Nursing Actions: Assessment medical history, complete medication history with a listing of prescription drugs, OTC drugs, & herbals. A head to toe examination. + Skin assessment (transdermal patch) + asses for signs of urinary retention periodically during drug therapy Care / Implementation – give drug at the same time everyday & per prescribers order, give meds w/ adequate fluid intake. -

Transdermal patch: Apply at least 4 hr before exposure to travel to prevent motion sickness. Apply to any dry, non-hairy, nonirradiated area. Rotation of transdermal sites is recommended to decrease skin irritation.

Education or teaching

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Advise PT to use caution when excursing & in hot weatherà overheating may result in heatstroke Advise PT to avoid alcohol & other CNS depressants Inform PT to frequently do mouth rinses and to maintain good oral hygiene, and to have sugarless gum or candy on hand to minimize dry mouth Remind them about the side effects; possible drowsiness or blurred vision Avoid using heavy machinery Instruct the PT to take the med as directed. Take missed doses as soon as remembered. DO NOT double dose

Transdermal: -

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Instruct patient on application of transdermal patches. Apply at least 4 hr (US product) before exposure to travel to prevent motion sickness. Wash hands and dry thoroughly before and after application Apply to hairless, clean, dry area behind ear; avoid areas with cuts or irritation. Instruct patient to remove patch and notify health care professional immediately if symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma (pain or reddening of the eyes with pupil dilation) occur. Caution patients engaging in underwater sports of potentially distorting effects of scopolamine.

Evaluation- check if purpose of drug has been completed. Decreased motion sickness, decreased postoperative nausea & vomiting. Reduction of spasms. Check for toxic effects such as delirium, hallucinations, & cardia dysrhythmias...