Section 10.1 Worksheet PDF

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ch 10...

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Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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Give the Arrhenius definitions of an acid and a base. What is neutralization? Give two examples of Arrhenius acids. Give two examples of Arrhenius bases. List the general properties of acids. List the general properties of bases. Name each compound. a. HBr (aq) b. Ca(OH)2 (aq) c. HNO3 (aq) d. Fe(OH)3 (aq) Name each compound. a. HI (aq) b. Cu(OH)2 (aq) c. H3PO4 (aq) d. CsOH (aq) Name each substance a. H2Se (aq) b. Ba(OH)2 (aq) Write a balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of Ba(OH) 2 (aq) with HNO3 (aq) Write a balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of H 2SO4(aq) with Cr(OH)3 (aq). Gastric juice, the digestive fluid produced in the stomach, contains hydrochloric acid, HCl. Milk of Magnesia, a suspension of solid Mg(OH)2 in an aqueous medium, is sometimes used to neutralize excess stomach acid. Write a complete balanced equation for the neutralization reaction. How many moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are needed to neutralize 0.844 mol of acetic acid (HC2H3O2)? (Hint: begin by writing a balanced chemical equation for the process.) How many moles of perchloric acid (HClO4) are needed to neutralize 0.052 mol of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2]? (Hint: begin by writing a balanced chemical equation for the process.) Hydrazoic acid (HN3) can be neutralized by a base. a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrazoic acid and calcium hydroxide. b. How many milliliters of 0.0245 M Ca(OH)2 are needed to neutralize 0.564 g of HN 3? Citric acid (H3C6H5O7) has three hydrogen atoms that can form hydrogen ions in solution. a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between citric acid and sodium hydroxide. b. If an orange contains 0.0675 g of H3C6H5O7, how many milliliters of 0.00332 M NaOH solution are needed to neutralize the acid? Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] is an ingredient in some antacids. How many grams of Mg(OH) 2 are needed to neutralize the acid in 158 mL of 0.106 M HCl (aq)? It might help to write the balanced chemical equation first. Aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] is an ingredient in some antacids. How many grams of Al(OH) 3 are needed to neutralize the acid in 96.5 mL of 0.556 M H 2SO4 (aq)? It might help to write the balanced chemical equation first. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HBr and Ca(OH) 2. What volume of 0.010 M HBr solution is required to neutralize 25 mL of a 0.0100 M Ca(OH) 2 solution? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HNO 3 and KOH. What volume of 0.5M HNO3 is required to neutralize 60 mL of 0.4 M KOH solution? Hydrocyanic acid [HCN (aq)] can be neutralized by potassium hydroxide [KOH (aq)]. a. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between these two compounds and identify the salt it produces. b. For one reaction, 37.5 g of HCN is present initially. How many grams of KOH are needed to neutralize that much HCN? c. In a second reaction, 43.0 mL of 0.0663 M KOH is present initially. What volume of 0.107 M HCN solution is necessary to neutralize the KOH solution? Assume that as a result of overeating, a person’s stomach contains 300 mL of 0.25 M HCl. How many Rolaids tablets must be consumed to neutralized 95% of the acid, if each tablet contains 400 mg of NaAl(OH) 2CO3? The neutralization reaction can be written as follows: NaAl(OH)2CO3 (s) + 4HCl (aq) → AlCl3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l)

ANSWER KEY 1. Arrhenius acid: a compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ion (H +) in aqueous solution; Arrhenius base: a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide ion (OH -) in aqueous solution. 2. The reaction of an acid and a base. 3. HCl and HNO3 (answers will vary) 4. NaOH and Ca(OH)2 (answers will vary) 5. Sour taste, react with metals, react with bases, and turn litmus red 6. Bitter taste, feels slippery, react with acids, and turn litmus blue. 7. a. hydrobromic acid b. calcium hydroxide c. nitric acid d. iron (III) hydroxide 8. a. hydroiodic acid b. cupric hydroxide c. phosphoric acid d. cesium hydroxide 9. a. hydroselenic acid b. barium hydroxide 10. 2HNO3 (aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq) → Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) 11. 3H2SO4(aq) + 2Cr(OH)3(aq) → Cr2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6H2O (l) 12. Mg(OH)2 + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + 2H2O 13. 0.844 mol 14. 0.104 mol 15. Part 1: 2HN3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(N3)2 + 2H2O Part 2: 268 mL 16. Part 1: H3C6H5O7 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → Na3C6H5O7 (aq) + 3H2O Part 2: 317.5 mL 17. 0.488 g 18. 2.79 g 19. 2HBr + Ca(OH)2 → CaBr2 + 2H2O; 50 mL HBr 20. HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O ; 48 mL HNO3 21. a. KOH (aq) + HCN (aq) → KCN (aq) + H2O (l); KCN is the salt b. 77.8 g c. 0.0266 L or 26.6 mL 22. 6.4 tablets....