Section Drawings Working Drawing Collage of Architecture and Design Architecture Department Lecture 3 PDF

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Collage of Architecture and Design Architecture Department Working Drawing Lecture 3 Section Drawings Lecture 3 Section Drawings Section • A section is an orthographic projection of a building as it would appear if cut through by an intersecting vertical plane. It is the premier drawing for studying...

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Collage of Architecture and Design Architecture Department

Working Drawing

Lecture 3

Section Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Section • A section is an orthographic projection of a building as it would appear if cut through by an intersecting vertical plane. It is the premier drawing for studying and revealing the vital solid-void relationship between the floors, walls, and roof structure of a building, and the vertical dimensions and relationships of the contained spaces. • We often use section drawings to design and communicate the details of a building’s construction. • Sectional drawings are drawn in a scale of 1:50 or 1:100

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Importance of Section On a vertical picture plane, building sections are able to: 1. Specify the construction system and the materials used to construct the building. 2. Specify the architecture details in the building. 3. Unveil the vertical dimension, levels, shape, and scale of interior spaces. 4. Reveal conditions of support, span, and enclosure, as well as the vertical arrangement of spaces. 5. Give a vertical view of the building; and of the foundations, walls, floors, roof and other parts. 6. Show the impact of window and door openings on the interior spaces 7. Show the vertical connections between the internal spaces, as well as between the interior and exterior. 8. Calculate quantities and estimate the cost of business items that need to be calculated to indicate height or thickness.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Recommended for the location of Section ▪ It is recommended for the location of Cutting Plane to pass through: - Stairs: to show vertical circulation. - Openings: to show details in windows and doors. - Important interior spaces: to show interior rooms content Info. ▪ The number of sections required of a building will depend on its size and complexity. Generally there will be at least two sections - one of these will be a cross section, across the width of the building. The other will be a longitudinal section, along the length of the building. ▪ Sections are intended to help the builder construct the building, so the exact position of the section should be chosen to show as much construction as possible.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Types of Sections 1. STRUCTURAL SECTION: A structural section shows the entire building construction and also shows the interior spaces in elevation. a) BUILDING LONGUTIDNAL SECTION: takes on the long axis of the building b) BUILDING CROSS-SECTION: taken across its narrower dimension.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Types of Sections 2. WALL SECTION: Shows the construction of a typical wall to a larger scale than the structural section.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Types of Sections 3. DETAIL SECTION:

• Section views cut through a small segment of a building and drawn with enlarged scale This are some of part are drawn in detail drawing A. Window and door section B. Stair section C. Structural detail section • Detail section drawing are drawn in a scale 1:20 or 1:25 package.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections Architectural Sections are formed through a set of different projections that combined together to form them, these projections are: 1. Walls (Section Walls) 2. Elevation Elements 3. Openings (Doors & Windows) 4. Stairs (Steps) But in Working Drawing Section, We add additional information to the above set so builders can easily construct the building, These information are: 1.Axis 2.The building vertical dimensions and heights (External and Internal) 3.Floor levels 4.The building structural systems, wall and roof systems 5.Major building finishes (Wall , Ceiling and Floor) 6.Some mechanical and electrical information

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 1) Drafting Drawings(projections):

Start with accurate projections for the specified section. All Structure system used should be shown in the section drawings and the stairs in details so builder can differentiate easily between the systems used and the types of materials used (concrete, steel,…)

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 2) Axes: All the axes on the plans that the Section line passes through them (Only axes that are Perpendicular to the section plane) should be drawn in the section. Note: if the axis are not Perpendicular to the section plane , we never draw them.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections The projected axes

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 3) The building vertical dimensions and heights: There are 2 types of dimension on the section drawing which are: a) External Dimension As in the plan drawing, we draw 2 external dimensions (Opening: the nearest to the building and Total: the far line to the building) but we may add another one if we have several raises and raised parts on the section, and this line is called Blocks and we put it between the total and opening lines Total Blocks Openings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections Note: We put the external dimensions on both sides Blocks Openings

Total

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections b) Internal Dimension This dimension lines show all the internal dimension either total height or the clear height of the internal spaces. Also we show the heights of the openings (height of doors and windows, sills and lintels) and the height of any fixed features (Balustrade and handrails)

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections Note: No Horizontal Dimensions on Section and Elevation Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 4) Floor Levels: a) External Levels: We put the level of the section near the external dimensions to show the nearest levels of the floors

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections b) Internal Levels: We put these levels to show the difference in level between the slabs because some of them won’t be shown in the external levels

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 5) Building Finishing Materials: All the finishing layers should be drawn in details and be shown using leaders, also we have to write the wall finishing materials

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 6) Building constructions materials : All the construction building parts should be drawn in details and be shown by the materials’ indications, also we have to write those materials using leaders. Parapet

Working Drawing Sections The shape and symbols of the materials R.C.C. Reinforced Cement Concrete P.C.C. Plain Cement Concrete Gravel - Hardcore Sand Wood Bricks Stone

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections Marble

Compacted Soil Thermal Insulation

Humidity Insulation (DPC – Waterproof Membrane)

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

7) Opening (Doors and Windows): Opening should be drawn in details and way of operation should be indicated Sliding Door

Hinged Door

Fixed Curtain Wall

Pivot Window

Working Drawing Sections Examples of Opening (Doors and Windows) :

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 8) Mechanical , Electrical and Fixed items : All the mechanical and electrical features should be shown in the section and written on it its label. Fixed Seats

Mechanical Features

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections

Lighting Units

False ceiling (Gypsum Tiles)

Spot Lights False ceiling (Aluminum Strips)

Working Drawing Sections

Elevator Section

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections Elevator Detail and its mechanical room in the section

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 9) waterproofing insulation. Positive Insulation

waterproofing insulation Negative Insulation

Roof Floor

Basement Toilet/ WC Floor

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 10) Stairs .

2R + T = 60 to 63 cm

Riser and Tread Calculations R = Riser

T = Tread

T ranges between 25 to 32 cm R ranges between 14 to 17 cm • The actual riser and tread dimensions for a set of stairs are determined by dividing the total floor-to-floor height by the desired riser height. The result is rounded off to arrive at a whole number of risers. The total rise is then redivided by the whole number to arrive at the actual riser height. • This riser must be checked against the maximum height allowed by the building code. If necessary, the number risers can be increased by one and the actual riser height recalculated. • Once the actual riser height is fixed, the tread run can be determined by using the 2R+T formula. • Since in any flight of stairs, there is always one less tread than the number of risers, the total number of treads and the total run can be easily determined.

Working Drawing Sections

Working Drawing Sections

Working Drawing Sections Stairs Details

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 11) Suspended Ceiling Details in Section .

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Suspended plaster ceilings: Components and fixation

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Suspended plaster ceilings: Components and fixation

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Gypsum board suspended ceilings Gypsum board suspended ceilings are screwed to ordinary lightgauge steel C-channels or I section that is suspended on steel wires.

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Acoustical modular suspended ceilings

Working Drawing Sections Metal suspended ceilings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections 12) Other Details in Section .

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections STRUCTURE SYSTEM IN A LARGE LOAD PROJECT FLAT SLAB SYSTEM : A flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete columns without the use of beams.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATIONS: A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building, and transferring its weight to the ground.

The raft is laid on a hardcore, or scalping bed and usually thickened at the edges

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

A Raft Foundation is usually preferred for large loads, which is why they are so common in commercial , Hospitals , Towers and Hotel buildings which tend to be much larger, and therefore heavier, than domestic homes.

Raft Foundations are built is this following steps: 1.The soil removed down to correct depth 2.The foundation bed is then compacted by ramming 3.Lay reinforcement on spacers over the foundation bed 4.Pour the concrete over the reinforcement

Working Drawing Sections

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

• A raft foundation is also very good for basements that often extend several stories below ground. • Engineers pay a great deal of attention to the waterproofing design of basements • The best way to do this is to wrap the outside of the basement in a waterproof layer called a waterproofing membrane. This should cover the bottom and all sides of the basement, and should be placed between the soil and the concrete, so that the concrete always remains dry

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Checklist for Section Drawings Section element

Remarks

• Draw at least one through the most informative construction

• If a large scale section is drawn also show a simple 1:100.

• FL to CL heights • FL floor level • GL original and finished

• line section up with an elevation.

• Door and windows in walls

• refer to BC chart and/or reference.

• Label rooms in section • Wall finishes

• internally and externally.

• Roof construction Note beams, trusses, pitch materials, overhangs, etc.

• full details required. • all sizes, spacings etc.

• Scale

• usually 1:100.

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Checklist for Section Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

Checklist for Section Drawings

Lecture 3 Section Drawings

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