Seminar 20 PDF

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Seminar 20...

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Seminar 20 – Consolidation of Police Powers and Public Order - STRUCTURE Problem Questions  Identify/analyse the key facts and issues (any missing information?)  Explain the Law relating to those issues; o Identify the correct section(s) of PACE 1984 o Use the Codes of Practice to add depth o Consider, e.g. section 1-5, section 11-14 Public Order Act 1986 o The common law in relation to breach of the peace o Consider, e.g. section 89(2) Police Act 1996 o Cite case law if appropriate (see lectures/seminars) o Human Rights infringements  Apply the facts given to the law identified above Key Issues – Stop & search  Where? o Section 1(1) PACE – public place o Section 1(4) PACE – garden or yard?  Apply to facts  What can be searched? o Section 1(2) PACE – person or vehicle o Section 1(2) PACE – for stolen or prohibited items  Reasonable grounds to suspect will find stolen/prohibited articles o Section 1(3) PACE o Before stop and search o Code A para 2.2-2.11  Apply to facts  Info o Section 2(2) PACE – re plain clothed police officer o Section 2(3) PACE – must inform suspect of… o Section 3 PACE – record of search  Apply to facts  Conduct of search o Section 2(9) PACE – can require removal of… o Code A para 3 – in particular 3.5 o Code A para 1 – general principles  Apply to facts  Consequences of breach o Breach of PACE – makes stop and search unlawful  Civil action  Criminal action  Can use reasonable force to resist police action, e.g. Osman  Complaint to IPCC  Disciplinary action  Exclusion of evidence  Breach of human rights

o Breach of Code  No legal liability – section 67(10) PACE  Breach admissible in evidence – section 67(11) PACE  Complaint to IPCC  Disciplinary action  Exclusion of evidence  Breach of human rights o Human Rights infringement  Article 5 ECHR – right to liberty and security  Article 8 ECHR – right to privacy  Article 14 ECHR – if discrimination relevant  Gillan and Quinton v UK  See lecture notes for case law Key Issues – Arrest  Grounds for the arrest? o Section 24(1) – (3) PACE – must be an offence o “reasonable grounds to suspect” – Castorina  Apply to facts  Arrest must be necessary o Section 24(4) PACE – for 1 of section 24(5) reasons, which one? o Necessity – Code G para 2.4-2.9  Apply to facts  Procedural requirements (info & conduct) o Section 28 PACE o Caution – Code G para 4 o Code G para 1 – general principles re conduct  Apply to facts Key Issue – Citizens Arrest  Grounds for Arrest o Section 24A(1) and (2) PACE – must be an indictable offence o R v Self o NOTE: NO INDICTABLE OFFENCE THEN NO POWER OF ARREST  Apply to facts  Arrest must be necessary o Section 24A(3)(a) – for 1 of section 24A(4) reasons o Section 24A(3)(b) – PC can’t make arrest  Apply to facts  Procedural requirements (info & conduct) o Section 28 PACE o Reasonable force – Section 117 PACE Key Issue – Consequences  Breach of PACE  Breach of Code

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Key Issue – Section 5 Public Order Act  Harassment, alarm or distress (Seminar 18)  Article 10 – Freedom of expression Key Issue – Section 89 Police Act 1996  Assaults on constables  Lawful duty? Guilty of obstructing a police officer  Unlawful duty? Not guilty of obstructing a police officer  Seminar 19 Key Issue – Human Rights  Article 5 ECHR – right to liberty and security  Article 8 ECHR – right to privacy  Article 14 ECHR – if discrimination relevant  Gillan and Quinton v UK o See lecture notes for case law...