SEMINAR REPORT Entitled "NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS" Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of : Presented & Submitted By : ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PDF

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SEMINAR REPORT Entitled “NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of : Presented & Submitted By : Ms. BHOOMIKA GUPTA (Roll No.U10EC014) B. TECH. IV (Electronics & Communication) 7th Semester : Guided By : Ms. JIGISHA N....

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Near Field Communicat ion(NFC)Technology Akshay Panchal A Survey on Near Field Communicat ion (NFC) Technology Kerem Ok Applicat ion of Near Field Communicat ion Technology for Mobile Airline T icket ing WAYAN SUPARTA

SEMINAR REPORT Entitled

“NEAR

FIELD COMMUNICATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

: Presented & Submitted By : Ms. BHOOMIKA GUPTA (Roll No.U10EC014) B. TECH. IV (Electronics & Communication) 7th Semester

: Guided By : Ms. JIGISHA N. PATEL Assistant Professor, ECED.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat-395 007, Gujarat, INDIA. (NOVEMBER - 2013)

U10EC014, Odd Semester, 2013-14

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is very common to see that a person’s quest for knowledge never ends. Theory and practical are essential and complimentary to each other. I am indebted and thankful to various who have helped me in the preparation of seminar.

I am highly obliged to Ms. Jigisha N. Patel for her guidance and support throughout the semester and for her help in the seminar report and presentation. She guided me with every problem I came across while preparing the seminar. She was instrumental in helping me expand my horizon and learn more.

I would like to thank other faculty members of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department and all the staff who directly or indirectly offered their help and co-operated to make my effort successful. Thank You.

BHOOMIKA GUPTA U10EC014

U10EC014, Odd Semester, 2013-14

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ABSTRACT Near Field Communication (NFC) is a new technology that has emerged in the last decade. NFC is a short range, high frequency, low bandwidth and wireless communication technology between two NFC enabled devices. Communication between NFC devices occurs at 13.56 MHz high frequency which was originally used by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

NFC works on both active and passive devices using various modes of operations. Also, NFC can happen between only two devices at a time. Potential NFC applications and services making use of NFC technology include e-payment, e-ticketing, loyalty services, identification, access control, content distribution, smart advertising, data/money transfer and social services. Due to its applicability to a wide range of areas and the promising value added opportunities, it has attracted many academicians, researchers, organizations and commercial companies.

Technology usage is now in the pilot phase in many countries. Usability issues and technology adoption are being explored by many academicians and industrial organizations. As NFC enabled mobile phones spread and commercial services are launched, people will be able to pay for goods and services, access hotel rooms or apartments, update their information in social networks, upload their health data to hospital monitoring systems from their homes, and benefit from many more services by using their NFC enabled phones.

The success of NFC technology is bound to advances in other fields as well. Over-the-Air technology among ecosystem factors is definitely a prerequisite to operate NFC systems satisfactorily. Secure Element (SE) is also a requirement to store valuable digital information on the same smart card securely. Dependence on other technologies is one of the challenges that NFC currently faces. All of these are discussed in detail in the following report.

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Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat-395 00, Gujarat, INDIA. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

This is to certify that the B.Tech. IV (7th Semester) SEMINAR REPORT entitled さNear Field Communication and its Applicationsざ is presented & submitted by Candidate Ms. Bhoomika Gupta, bearing Roll No.U10EC014, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of B. Tech. degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering. She has successfully and satisfactorily completed her Seminar Exam in all respect. We, certify that the work is comprehensive, complete and fit for evaluation.

Ms. Jigisha N. Patel

Prof. P. K. Shah

Seminar Guide

Head of the Department, ECED

Assistant Professor

Associate Professor

SEMINAR EXAMINERS: Name

Signature with date

1.Prof.____________________

__________________

2.Prof.____________________

__________________

3.Prof.____________________

__________________

DEPARTMENT SEAL November-2013

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INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………..…………………………………………………..

ii

ABSTRACT………………………...………………………………………………...

iii

CERTIFICATE………………………..…………………………………………..….

iv

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………..………………………………….

vi

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………..……………………..

vii

1.

NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION…………………………….………….

1

1.1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………...

1

1.2. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES………………....

2

1.3. OPERATION OF NFC…………………………………………………...

3

1.4. BASICS OF DATA TRANSMISSION WITH NFC……………………..

4

1.5. INTERFACE AND PROTOCOL………………………………………...

6

1.6. ORGANISATION OF REPORT…………………………………………

8

NFC OPERATING MODES………………………………………………...

9

2.1. MOBILE INTERACTION TECHNIQUES………………………………

9

2.2. CLASSIFICATION OF NFC DEVICES…………………………………

9

2.3. READER/WRITER MODE………………………………………………

11

2.4. PEER-TO-PEER MODE………………………………………………….

15

2.5. CARD EMULATION MODE……………………………………………

18

2.6. OVERVIEW ON BENEFITS OF OPERATING MODES………………

19

NFC SECURITY……………………………………………………………..

21

3.1. THREATS AND SOLUTIONS…………………………………………..

21

3.2. STANDARDISED NFC SECURITY PROTOCOLS…………………….

22

NFC APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………….

23

4.1. NFC SHOPPING: READER/WRITER MODE………………………….

24

4.2. NFC GOSSIPING: PEER-TO-PEER MODE…………………………….

26

4.3. NFC TICKETING: CARD EMULATION MODE………………………

27

4.4. FUTURE SCOPE OF NFC……………………………………………….

30

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………….

31

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………..

32

ACRONYMS…………………………………………………………………………

34

2.

3.

4.

5.

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LIST OF FIGURES FIG. 1.1

EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY……………………………….

FIG. 1.2

INITIATOR (POLLING DEVICE) AND TARGET (LISTENING

1

DEVICE) DEVICES……………………………………………………..

3

FIG. 1.3

MODULATION SPECTRA SHOWING LOAD MODULATION……..

5

FIG. 1.4

VISUALIZATION OF LOAD MODULATION………………………..

5

FIG. 1.5

FRAME FORMAT OF NFCIP-1………………………………………..

7

FIG. 2.1

MOBILE INTERACTION TECHNIQUES……………………………..

9

FIG. 2.2

READER/WRITER MODE……………………………………………..

11

FIG. 2.3

PROTOCOL STACK OF READER/WRITER OPERATING MODE…

12

FIG. 2.4

NDEF STRUCTURE…………………………………………………….

14

FIG. 2.5

USAGE MODEL OF NFC SHOPPING: READER/WRITER MODE…

14

FIG. 2.6

PEER-TO-PEER MODE………………………………………………...

15

FIG. 2.7

PROTOCOL STACK OF PEER-TO-PEER OPERATING MODE…….

16

FIG. 2.8

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LLCP AND OSI REFERENCE MODEL 17

FIG. 2.9

GENERIC USAGE MODEL OF PEER-TO-PEER MODE…………….

17

FIG. 2.10

CARD EMULATION MODE…………………………………………...

18

FIG. 2.11

PROTOCOL STACK OF CARD EMULATION MODE………………. 18

FIG. 2.12

GENERIC USAGE MODEL OF CARD EMULATION MODE……….

19

FIG. 4.1

RANGE OF APPLICATIONS OF NFC………………………………...

23

FIG. 4.2

APPLICATIONS OF NFC………………………………………………

23

FIG. 4.3

NFC SHOPPING: ACTIVITY DIAGRAM……………………………..

24

FIG. 4.4

NFC SHOPPING: USAGE MODEL……………………………………. 25

FIG. 4.5

NFC GOSSIPING: ACTIVITY DIAGRAM……………………………. 26

FIG. 4.6

NFC GOSSIPING: USAGE MODEL…………………………………...

27

FIG. 4.7

NFC TICKETING: ACTIVITY DIAGRAM……………………………

28

FIG. 4.8

NFC TICKETING: ACTIVITY DIAGRAM……………………………

28

FIG. 4.9

NFC TICKETING: USAGE MODEL…………………………………...

29

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1.1 COMPARISON

OF

NFC

WITH

VARIOUS

EXISTING

TECHNOLOGIES……………………………………………………...

2

TABLE 1.2 MODULATION AND CODING SCHEMES BASED ON DEVICE TYPE AND DATA RATE……………………………………………..

4

TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF NFC DEVICES……………………………………...

10

TABLE 2.2 BENEFITS OF VARIOUS OPERATINGMODES OF NFC…………. 20 TABLE 2.3 INTERACTION WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDER………………... TABLE 3.1 SUMMARY

OF

SECURITY

SERVICES

PROVIDED

20

BY

VARIOUS PROTOCOLS……………………………………………... 22

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CHAPTER-1 1.1

NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

Introduction

Near Field Communication is a new short-range wireless connectivity technology that evolved from a combination of existing contactless identification and interconnection technologies. It was jointly developed by Sony and NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips) [1]. Fig. 1.1 shows the evolution of NFC technology.

NFC operates in a frequency range centered at 13.56 MHz and offers a data transmission rate of up to 424 kbit/s within a distance of approximately 10cms. NFC is backward compatible with the Smart Card infrastructure based on ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/ International Electrotechnical Commission) 14443 A and ISO/IEC 14443 B as well as with the Sony FeliCa card. For the exchange of information between two NFC devices, a new protocol was developed which is defined in the standards ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association) 340 and ISO/IEC 18092 [2]. The NFC Forum was founded in the year 2004 by NXP, Sony and Nokia to work towards the development and deployment of NFC. The NFC forum develops specifications which ensure interoperability of NFC units and services.

Fig. 1.1 Evolution of NFC technology [1]

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Currently, devices such as Nexus S, Galaxy Nexus, Samsung Galaxy Note, Sony Xperia ZR, Nokia 6131 NFC etc. provide NFC facility to its users. Some applications of NFC are Google Wallet (US), A Little World (India) for mobile payments, China Unicom for mobile transport ticketing (China) etc. [3]

1.2

Comparison with Existing Technologies

Table 1.1 shows the comparison of various existing wireless technologies with NFC and its benefits over the others.

Table 1.1 Comparison of NFC with various existing technologies. [1] Sr.

Concept

NFC

No

1

Range...