SFU APA Guide PDF

Preview

Summary

apa guide lol...

Description



CitationGuide:APA PublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation, (6thed.,2010) 

 

CopiesareavailableatSFUlibraryCallnumber:BF76.7P832010 YoumightwanttobuyyourowncopyattheSFUbookstore

ThisguideisbasedonthePublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,6thed.and

providesonlyselectedcitationexamplesforcommontypesofsources.Formoredetailedinformation pleaseconsultaprintcopyofthestylemanual. Wanthelpkeepingtrackofyourreferences/citationsandformattingyourreferencelists?Considerusing RefWorks–freeforallstudents,faculty,alumniandstaff. GeneralNotesonAPAStyle   



   

APArequiresthattheentirepaperbedouble‐spaced,includingallthelinesinthereferencelist. Numberallpagesconsecutively,beginningwiththetitlepage,inArabicnumerals(E.g.,4,notIV) intheupperright‐handcorner(Rule8.03,p.230). Youneedtociteanddocumentanysourcesthatyouhaveconsulted,evenifyoupresentedthe ideasfromthesesourcesinyourownwords.Youneedtocite: o toidentifyotherpeople'sideasandinformationusedwithinyouressay. o toinformthereaderofyourpaperwheretheyshouldlookiftheywanttofindthesame. sources Acitationmustappearintwoplacesinyouressay: o inthebodyofyourtext(“in‐textcitations”). o inthereferencelist(attheendofyourpaper). Tointroduceotherpeople'sideasintext,usethefollowingexamples: Richardsonargues,refersto,explains,hypothesizes,compares,concludes; AsLittlewoodandSherwindemonstrated,proved…etc. Spelling:Merriam‐Webster'sCollegiateDictionaryisthestandardspellingreferenceforAPA journalsandbooks(Rule4.12,p.96).

ReferenceinText 



Capitalizeallmajorwordsintitlesofbooksandarticleswithinthebodyofthepaper(Rule4.15, p.101).E.g. o In his book, Greek Political Thought (2006), Balot argues that ... o The criticism of the article, "The Politics of Paraliterary Criticism" ... o NOTE:Inreferencelists,however,capitalizeonlythefirstwordofthetitleandofthe subtitle(afteracolonoremdash)andpropernouns. Whenquotingfromprintsourcesoronlinearticles,givetheauthor,year,andpagenumberin parentheses(Rules6.03,pp.170‐171).Forexample: o Mooney (2000) found that ..."direct_quotation" (p. 276). 1



 

  

o "Direct_quotation"... (Walker, 2000, p. 135). Ifthequotationisover40words,youmuststartthequotationonanewline,indentthequotation about½aninch,andomitthequotationmarks(Rule6.03,p.171). Prince Edward Island is a curved slice of land from three to thirty-five miles wide and about one hundred and twenty miles long, lying along the southern rim of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and separated from the mainland of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia by the narrow waters of Northumberland Strait (Ives, 1999, p. 1). Whenparaphrasingfromasource,orwhenreferringtoanideacontainedinanotherwork,you areencouragedtoprovideapagenumber(Rule6.04p.171). Manyelectronicsourcesdonotprovidepagenumbers.Inthiscase,useparagraphnumbers precededbytheabbreviation'para.'(Rule6.05pp.171‐172).Forexample:  (Johnson, 2003, para. 5).  Ifasourcecontainsneitherpagenorparagraphnumbers,citetheheading(shortentheheadingif itislong)(Rule6.05pp.171‐172). Ifthereisnodateofpublication,usetheabbreviation(n.d.). Listtwoormoreworksbydifferentauthorswhoarecitedwithinthesameparenthesesin alphabeticalorderbythefirstauthor'ssurname,e.g.(Anderson,1980;Fowers&Powell,1993; Simonetti,1998)(Rule6.16p.177).

ReferenceList          

InAPA,listofsourcesattheendofthepaper(bibliography)iscalledthereferencelist.The referencelistmustincludeallreferencescitedinthetextofyourpaper. Orderofreferencesinthereferencelistisalphabetical,bythelastnameofthefirstauthor(Rule 6.25,p.181)or,ifauthorisnotavailable‐bytitle. Alphabetizeletterbyletter."Nothingprecedessomething".'Brown,J.R.'comesbefore'Browning, A.F.'. Fortheauthor'sfirstnameuseonlyinitials:'Smith,J.',not'Smith,Jennifer'. Secondandsubsequentlinesofeachentryareindented5‐7spaces. Double‐spacebetweenalllinesofyourwork,includingreferences. Whencitingbooks(notperiodicals),capitalizeonlythefirstwordofthetitleandofthesubtitle (i.e.thefirstwordafteracolonoradash)andpropernouns(Rule6.29,p.185). Ifmorethanonecityofpublicationislistedinthebookyouareciting,usethefirstonelisted. Ifthereisnodateofpublication,usetheabbreviation“(n.d.)”. Seerules6.22to6.32oftheAPAPublicationManualformoreinformationonthepreparationof thereferencelist.

Howtocite... Book‐NoAuthororEditor(6.15,pp.176‐177) ReferenceinText 

(GeologicalfieldtripsinsouthernBritishColumbia,2003)  Accordingtothedefinition[....](GeologicalfieldtripsinsouthernBritishColumbia, 2003,p.5)(whenquoting).

ReferenceList

GeologicalfieldtripsinsouthernBritishColumbia.(2003).Vancouver,BC:  GeologicalAssociationofCanada,CordilleranSection.  2

Comments

 



Whenaworkhasnoauthor,citeintextthefirstfewwordsofthereference listentry(usuallythetitle)andtheyear. Withinthebodyofthepaperitalicizethetitleofabook,brochure,orreport andcapitalizeallmajorwordsintitles. o InhisbookGreekPoliticalThought,Balot(2006)arguedthat[...]. Intext,youmayuseafewwordsofthetitleifthetitleistoolong.

 Book–PrintorElectronic,OneAuthor(6.11,pp.174‐175) ReferenceinText ReferenceList

(Walker,2000) (Walker,2000,p.62)(whenquoting) Walker,L.E.(2000).Thebatteredwomansyndrome(2nded.).NewYork: Springer. Blossom,J.(2009).Contentnation:Survivingandthrivingassocialmedia technologychangesourlivesandourfuture.Retrievedfrom http://www.wiley.com Monro,V.(1835).AsummerrambleinSyria:WithaTartartripfromAleppoto Stamboul(Vol.1).Retrievedfromhttp://books.google.com/books Schiraldi,G.R.(2001).Thepost‐traumaticstressdisordersourcebook:Aguideto healing,recovery,andgrowth[AdobeDigitalEditionsversion]. doi:10.1036/0071393722

Comments





Ifyouretrievedane‐bookfromadatabase(e.g.Books24x7,GoogleBooks), addtheDOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier),ifavailable,attheendusingthe format:“doi:xxxxxxx”(6.32,p.191). IfthereisnoDOIassigned,givetheURLofthepublisher'shomepagein placeoftheDOI.Youmayneedtodoaquickwebsearchtolocatethehome pageifyoufoundthebookinalibrarydatabase(e.g.ebrary,Books24x7). o ThereisnoperiodattheendoftheURL.

 



3

Book–GroupsasAuthors(6.13,p.176) ReferenceinText

(NationalCouncilofWelfare,2001) (NationalCouncilofWelfare,2001,p.17)(whenquoting)

ReferenceList

NationalCouncilofWelfare(Canada).(2001).Childpovertyprofile,1998.Ottawa,  ON:NationalCouncilofWelfare.

Comments

 



A“GroupasAuthor”maybeacorporation,anassociation,agovernment agency,etc. Intheexampleabove,authorandpublisherareidentical:'NationalCouncil ofWelfare'.Insuchcasesyoumayusetheword'Author'asthenameofthe publisher. Providethepublisherifitisdifferentfromtheauthor.

 Book‐MultipleAuthors(6.12,pp.175‐176) Referenceintext

(Bucher&Manning,2006) (Bucher&Manning,2006,p.138)(whenquoting)

ReferenceList

Bucher,K.,&Manning,M.L.(2006).Youngadultliterature:Exploration, evaluation,andappreciation.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PearsonEducation.

Comments

 

 



Whenaworkhastwoauthors,citebothnameseverytimethereference occursintext. Whenaworkhasthree,fourorfiveauthors,nameallauthorsthefirsttime thereferenceoccurs;inthefirstsubsequentcitationuseonlythefirst author,followedby“etal.”andayear.Ifyoumentionthesameworkagain withinoneparagraph,omittheyear.E.g.: o thefirsttime:Smith,Jones,PearsonandSherwin(1990)found... o thesecondtime,asafirstcitationperparagraph:Smithetal.(1990) found... o mentionedagainwithinthesameparagraph:Smithetal.found... Forsixormoreauthors,citeonlythelastnameofthefirstauthorfollowed by'etal.’ Whenaworkhastwoormoreauthors,usethewordandinrunningtextand anampersand&inparentheticalmaterial,intables,captions,andinthe referencelist.E.g.: o asBucherandManning(2006)demonstrated... o ashasbeenshown(Bucher&Manning,2006)... Inthereferencelistinvertallauthors'names;givelastnamesandinitialsfor onlyuptoandincludingsevenauthors.Whenauthorsnumbereightor more,includethefirstsixauthors’names,thenthreeellipses(…),andadd thelastauthor’sname(6.27,p.184).

 



4

EditedBook(6.11,174;6.27,p.184) ReferenceinText

(Robinson,1992)

ReferenceList

Robinson,D.N.(Ed.).(1992).Socialdiscourseandmoraljudgement.SanDiego,  CA:AcademicPress.

Comments



Oneeditor‐usetheabbreviation(Ed.).Morethanoneeditor‐usethe abbreviation(Eds.).

 Chapter–DifferentAuthorsinanEditedBook(6.27p.184) ReferenceinText

(Sharp&Eriksen,2004) (Sharp&Eriksen,2004,p.126)(whenquoting)

ReferenceList

Sharp,S.F.,&Eriksen,M.E.(2003).Imprisonedmothersandtheirchildren.InB.H. Zaitzow&J.Thomas(Eds.),Womeninprison:Genderandsocialcontrol (pp.119‐136).London:LynneRiennerPublishers.

Comments

 



Oneeditor‐usetheabbreviation(Ed.).Morethanoneeditor‐usethe abbreviation(Eds.). Intheexampleabove,'Sharp&Eriksen'aretheauthorsofthechapter 'Imprisonedmothersandtheirchildren',publishedinthebook'Womenin prison:Genderandsocialcontrol'. Forabookwithnoeditor,includetheword'In'beforethebooktitle.

 JournalArticle‐PrintVersion(6.27‐6.30,pp.184‐187) ReferenceinText

(Louth,Hare&Linden,1998) Louthetal.(1998,p.198)foundthat["........."].(whenquoting) Louthetal.(1998)foundthat[".........."](p.198).(whenquoting)

ReferenceList

Louth,S.M.,Hare,R.D.,&Linden,W.(1998).Psychopathyand alexithymiainfemaleoffenders.CanadianJournalofBehavioural Science,30(2),91‐98.

Comments



 

If,andonlyif,eachissueofajournalbeginsonpage1,givetheissue numberinparentheses(notitalicized)immediatelyafterthevolumenumber (whichisitalicized).Thereisnospacebetweenthevolumeandissue number. Whenaworkhastwoauthors,citebothnameseverytimethereference occursintext(6.11,p.174). Whenaworkhasthree,fourorfiveauthors,nameallauthorsthefirsttime thereferenceoccurs;inthefirstsubsequentcitationuseonlythefirst 5

 



author,followedby'etal.'andayear.Ifyoumentionthesameworkagain withinoneparagraph,omittheyear.E.g.: o thefirsttime:Louth,HareandLinden(1998)found... o thesecondtime,asafirstcitationperparagraph:Louthetal.(1998) found... o mentionedagainwithinthesameparagraph:Louthetal.found... Forsixormoreauthors,citeonlythelastnameofthefirstauthorfollowed by'etal.'andayear(6.12,p.175). Whenaworkhastwoormoreauthors,usethewordandinrunningtextand anampersand&inparentheticalmaterial,intables,captions,andinthe referencelist.E.g.: o asBucherandManning(2006)demonstrated... o ashasbeenshown(Bucher&Manning,2006)... Inthereferencelistinvertallauthors'names;givelastnamesandinitialsfor onlyuptoandincludingsevenauthors.Whenauthorsnumbereightor more,includethefirstsixauthors’names,thenthreeellipses(…),andadd thelastauthor’sname(6.27,p.184).

 JournalArticle–Electronic(6.32,pp.189‐192) Retrievedfromadatabase,suchasPsycINFO,AcademicSearchPremier,JSTOR,etc.orontheinternet ReferenceinText

(Turner,2007) (Turner,2007,p.292)(whenquoting) (Lynch,2004,para.3)(whenquotinganarticlewithoutpagenumbers) (Gruenwald,2009,"PhyticAcidContributesto")(quotinganarticlewithoutpageor paragraphnumbers,usingashortenedheading)

ReferenceList 

Turner,J.(2007).Justiceandemotions.SocialJusticeResearch,20(3),288‐ 311.doi:10.1007/s11211‐007‐0043‐y Walters,W.(2008).Borderingthesea:Shippingindustriesandthepolicingof stowaways.BorderlandsE‐Journal,7(3),1‐25.Retrievedfrom http://www.borderlands.net.au/index.html

Ledger,W.,Wiebinga,C.,Anderson,P.,Irwin,D.,Holman,A.,&Lloyd,A.(2009). CostsandoutcomesassociatedwithIVFusingrecombinantFSH.Reproductive BioMedicineOnline,19(3),337‐342.Retrievedfrom http://www.rbmonline.com/ Comments

  

Forelectronicversionsbasedonaprintsource(suchasPDF),includepage numbers(6.32,p.189). Theretrievaldateisnotrequiredunlessthesourcematerialislikelyto changeovertime. Generallyitisnotnecessarytoincludeinformationaboutwhichdatabaseit 6

 

wasretrievedfrom(6.32,p.192). WhenaDOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier)isavailable,includetheDOIrightafter thevolume/issuenumberusingtheformat:“doi:xxxxxxx”(6.32,p.191) IfthereisnoDOIassigned,givetheURLofthejournal’shomepageinplace oftheDOI.Youmayneedtodoaquickwebsearchtolocatethejournal's websiteaddressifyoufoundthearticleinalibrarydatabase(e.g.Academic SearchPremier,ScienceDirect). o ThereisnoperiodattheendoftheURL.

 ArticleinDailyNewspaper,PrintorElectronic(6.27‐6.32,pp.184‐192) ReferenceinText

("Allfourpillars",2004) (Freeze,2009)

ReferenceList

Allfourpillarsneededtocombatdrugscourge.(2004,May15).The VancouverSun,p.C6. Freeze,C.(2009,October7).‘Toronto18’leaderpleadsguilty.TheGlobe andMail.Retrievedfromhttp://www.theglobeandmail.com

Comments

  





Intext,ifthearticledoesnothaveanauthor,useatitle(shorten,if necessary).Putthetitleinquotes. Ifanarticleappearsondiscontinuouspages(e.g.startsonp.D1and continuesonp.D5),giveallpagenumbers,separatedbyacomma. Tocitea"lettertotheeditor",includethetext[Lettertotheeditor]in squarebrackets,rightafterthetitleoftheletterandbeforethetitleofthe newspaper.Thereisnoperiodafterthetitleoftheletter. Ifyouretrievedthearticlefromadatabase(e.g.CanadianNewsstand, CBCA),addtheDOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier)attheendusingtheformat: “doi:xxxxxxx”(6.32,p.191). IfthereisnoDOIassigned,givetheURLofthenewspaper’shomepagein placeoftheDOI.Youmayneedtodoaquickwebsearchtolocatethehome pageifyoufoundthearticleinalibrarydatabase(e.g.CanadianNewsstand, PressDisplay). o ThereisnoperiodattheendoftheURL.

 ArticleinMagazine,PrintorElectronic(6.27‐6.30,pp.184‐186) ReferenceinText

(Morell,2006) (Morell,2006,p.131)(whenquoting)

ReferenceList

Morell,V.(2006,March).WolvesofEthiopia.NationalGeographic,209,124‐135.  Mauro,S.(2009,November).Aredtailreturns.AviationHistory20(2).Retrieved

7

fromhttp://www.aviationhistory.org/am_aviation_history_magazine.html Comments

 



Givethedateshownonthepublication:monthformonthlies/monthand dayforweeklies. Ifyouretrievedthearticlefromadatabase(e.g.CanadianReference Centre,MasterFilePremier),addtheDOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier)atthe endusingtheformat:“doi:xxxxxxx”(6.32,p.191). IfthereisnoDOIassigned,givetheURLofthemagazine’shomepagein placeoftheDOI.Youmayneedtodoaquickwebsearchtolocatethehome pageifyoufoundthearticleinalibrarydatabase(e.g.MasterFilePremier, CBCA). o ThereisnoperiodattheendoftheURL.

 Website‐ADocumentCreatedbyanIndividualoranOrganization(6.31‐6.32&7.11,pp.187‐192,214‐ 215) ReferenceinText

(InternationalFederationofLibraryAssociations,2003) (InternationalFederationofLibraryAssociations,2003,para.4)(whenquoting)

Referencelist

InternationalFederationofLibraryAssociationandInstitutions.(2003, February03).Library&informationscience:Citationguidesfor electronicdocuments.Retrievedfrom http://ifla.org/I/training/citation/citing.htm 

Comments





  

WhencitingawebsiteintheReferenceList,provideasmuchaspossibleof thefollowinginformation:  Author'sname(ifavailable).  Dateofpublicationorupdateinparentheses(ifavailable).If thereisnodate,use'(n.d.)'instead.  Titleordescriptionofdocument.  Titleofcompletework(ifrelevant),initalicsorunderlined.  URL. Whenmakingin‐textcitations,useparagraphnumbers(abbreviatedto “para.”)ifpagenumbersarenotavailable.Iftherearenoparagraph numbers,usetheheading.Theheadingmaybeshortenedifnecessary. Donotincluderetrievaldatesunlessthesourcematerialislikelytochange overtime(e.g.blogs,wikis) ThereisnoperiodaftertheURL. DonotinsertahyphenwhenbreakingalongURL.

 



8

Website‐ASingleDocumentorPartofaLargeWebsite(6.32,7.11,pp.189‐192,214‐215) ReferenceinText

(Spearing,2004) (Spearing,2004,“EatingDisordersareTreatable,”)(whenquoting)

ReferenceList

Spearing,M.(2004May).Eatingdisorders:Factsabouteatingdisorders andthesearchforsolutions.Retrievedfrom http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm Jess.(2009,April18).SomethingsIhavelearnedaboutteens[Weblog post].Retrievedfromhttp://coollibrarianblog.blogspot.com/2009/04/ some‐things‐i‐have‐learned‐about‐teens.html

Comments







Forblogs,includethenameoftheblogtowhichtheentrywasposted,ifthis informationisnotpartoftheURL.Iftheauthor’sfullnameisunavailable, usethescreenname. Whenmakingin‐textcitations,useparagraphnumbers(abbreviatedto “para.”)ifpagenumbersarenotavailable.Iftherearenoparagraph numbers,usetheheading.Theheadingmaybeshortenedifnecessary. DonotinsertahyphenwhenbreakingalongURL.

 Website‐ChapterorSectioninadocument(6.32,6.19,6.05,pp.192,179,171‐172) ReferenceinText

(Be...