Shakilahabib 2017 937871 Assignment 2 NBFO7E PDF

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BA 242BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR (HONS)FINANCENAD 407PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITIONREPORT FOR:DR. EMMY HAINIDA BINTI KHAIRUL IKRAMNBFO7EPREPARED BY:SHAKILA HABIB 2017937871IntroductionMalaysian Food Pyramid also known as Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid is a simple guide use for an individual to vary t...

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BA 242 BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR (HONS) FINANCE

NAD 407 PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION

REPORT FOR: DR. EMMY HAINIDA BINTI KHAIRUL IKRAM NBFO7E

PREPARED BY: SHAKILA HABIB

2017937871

Introduction Malaysian Food Pyramid also known as Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid is a simple guide use for an individual to vary their food intake according to the total daily food serving recommended. A balanced diet should consist of a combination of foods that able to provide all the nutrients needed by our body. Nutritional needs differ at different stages of life. For the new born, there is no better food than breast milk. Older children need a proper balance of foods to ensure good growth and development, whilst for adolescents, dietary habits and food preferences which affect energy consumption and nutrient intake are generally developed during this period. For both children and adults, some principles are equally applicable including the need to ensure that food is handled well and safe to eat and to enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods. The National Nutrition Policy formulated in 2005 by the Ministry of Health Malaysia is aimed to ensure that everyone has access to nutrition information and education as well as resources and opportunities to make informed decisions on healthy food choices Furthermore, there is no single food that able to provide us with all the nutrients needed. In addition, body needs many types of food in varying amounts to maintain health. The Malaysian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents is consistent with this principle. A food pyramid consists of four levels that represent five food groups. There are also stated in figure 1, the recommended number of servings per day from each group. The size of each food become smaller from the bottom to the top indicates that the individuals should eat more of the foods at the base of the pyramid and less of the foods at the top of the pyramid. The guideline is also useful for health professionals, academicians and policy makers in developing education and communication materials ad designing and implementing nutrition related programmes, including national food policies, nutrition education and information.

Figure 1 Malaysia Food Pyramid

Luqman Hakim’s diet plan review Below the summary of his serving size in daily take. Name : Luqman Hakim Age

: 32 Years old

Gender : Male Date

: 8th May 2020 (Monday) Time

Types of food / Beverage

Quantity/ Serving size

7 am

Milo panas

2 cawan

10 am

Karipap kentang Nasi goreng Sirap ais

2 biji 1 pinggan (2 cawan) 2 cawan

1 pm

Nasi putih Ayam goreng (peha) Kuah kari ayam Sayur sawi goreng

1 pinggan (3 cawan) 2 ketul serdahana besar 3 sudu makan 1/ 2 cawan

4 pm

Goreng pisang Teh O

6 ketul 1 cawan (2 sudu makan gula)

8 pm

Nasi goreng USA Coke cola

1 pinggan ( 3 cawan) 2 gelas (250ml)

11 pm

Biskut tawar Susu rendah lemak

8 keping 1 gelas (250ml)

Based on Malaysian Food Pyramid, there are four levels of foods. Level 1 is carbohydrates include rice, noodles,bread, cereal, cereal products and tubers, recommended 4 to 8 serving per day. Luqman eat 4 servings which is nasi goreng at 10 am, nasi putih at 1 pm, nasi goreng USA at 8 pm and biskut tawar at 11 pm. Serving size for all dishes are medium. Luqman take the nasi putih in a medium size however he takes 8 pieces of biscuits at 11pm. Meanwhile, only 6 pieces biscuits are recommended in Malaysia Food Pyramid. Main source of carbohydrate provides energy estimated 50 -55% of total daily energy. It is also a great source of vitamins and minerals and dietary fibre. Furthermore, dietary fibres have many beneficial effects include regular bowel movement, good health, lowering cholesterol and blood glucose. Level 2 is Fruits and vegetables. Recommended serving of fruits is 2 servings per day and for vegetables is 3 servings per day. Based on Luqman diet record, he just eat one serving of vegetables which is sayur sawi goreng at 1 pm and karipap kentang at 10 am and no fruits taken in a day. It is totally not healthy and not followed Malaysian Food Pyramid guideline. Food and vegetables are good sources of fibre, vitamins, minerals and phytochemical which help strengthen the immunity. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables every day because it is goods for your health, especially in preventing several chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Besides, luqman also should eat a variety of vegetables and fruits every day. Vegetables can be fresh green vegetables, other than that there are also other fresh vegetables with various colours such as fruit vegetables, ulam, canned and frozen vegetables. Level 3 is a protein such as fish, poultry, meat and legumes. Recommended are ½ for 2 servings per day of poultry, meat and egg. 1 serving of fish per day and ½ for 1 serving legumes. Luqman eat 2 servings of meat per day such as 1 chicken drumstick, meat in nasi goreng USA and also 1 serving of egg in nasi goreng USA. Thus, Luqman diet records indicate that he exceeded the recommended serving in Malaysia Food Pyramid which is 3 serving of poultry, meat and eggs. No fish and legumes in his daily diet. Protein is a good source for the body's building block. It also rich in vitamin B, iron, folate and zinc. While, legumes are generally good sources of protein and also counted as starchy food which acts as an excellent source of dietary fibre. In addition, legumes also low in fat and contain no cholesterol compared to meat and poultry. Legumes are encouraged to be eaten daily. Example of legumes are chickpea or dhal, canned baked beans, tempe or tauhu and unsweetened soya bean milk. Furthermore, fish also should be chosen frequently. Meat and poultry are recommended to choose with a low fat and cholesterol such as remove the chicken skin before cooking or choose lean meat. Moreover, in level 3 also have a milk and dairy products. In daily diet record of Luqman Hakim, he drinks 1 glass of low-fat milk which is meet the recommended serving of Malaysia Food Pyramid. In Malaysia Food Pyramid, we should consume 1 or 2 servings of milk or dairy products daily. It is high in protein, rich in calcium and wide range of minerals and vitamins include vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and zinc. Furthermore, milk also builds strong bones, teeth and maximises bone gain from an early age which could prevent osteoporosis later in future. Milk and dairy products should be consumed every day and every age. Furthermore, kuah kari ayam eat by Luqman at 1 pm, contain coconut milk (cococut milk) should be replaced with milk or yogurt in preparing dishes because it contains more fats.

Peak stages are fats, oil, sugar and salt. It should be taken less due to excessive intake of fats, oil, sugar and salt can contribute to higher risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancers. Limit the intake of foods high in fats, oil, sugar and salt. Besides, minimise the use of fats, oil, sugar and salt in food preparation. In Luqman diet record, most of food intake are fried with has a lot of oil such as karipap goreng, pisang goreng, sayur sawi goreng, kuah kari ayam (contain coconut milk) and nasi goreng USA. He also take sugar such in sirap ais and teh o however in less size only one spoon. He also took sweetened condensed milk with high in sugar in his milo panas at 7 am however in less serving size. He should replace sweetened condensed milk and sweetened condensed filled milk with unsweetened liquid or powdered milk. Luqman Hakim also drink Coca Cola, which is not good for health due to excessive sugar contained in the drink. In conclusion, daily diet record of Luqman Hakim does not follow the recommended Malaysia Food Pyramid guideline except for level 1. Others level he either exceeded or not take any.

Ways to improve dietary intake for Luqman Hakim In order to improve his dietary intake. There are 14 key messages according to Malaysian Dietary Guidelines. First, eat a variety of foods with your recommended intake. Luqman should choose daily food intake from a combination of foods based on the Malaysian Food Pyramid and according to the serving size recommended. Eating a variety of foods daily based on the Malaysian Food Pyramid should able to provide all the nutrients needed by the body. Therefore, no supplements are necessary for most individuals. However, supplements may be needed for pregnant and lactating women and also for elderly which need to meet specific nutrient requirements. Nutrient supplements also should be taken with advice from nutritionists, dietitians or medical doctors. Second, maintain body weight in a healthy range. There are not stated weight of Luqman Hakim however he should maintain body weight in the healthy range by balancing calorie intake with physical activity, weigh yourself regularly at least once a week. If Luqman an adult, he should prevent gradual weight gain over time. If he overweights, he should aim for a slow and steady weight loss and if he underweights, he should increase energy intake as recommended. Third, he should always be physically active every day. In order to become active every day, it can be done in many ways such as accumulate at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on at least five to six days a week, preferably daily. Other than that, participate in activities that increase flexibility, strength and endurance of the muscle, as frequently as two to three in a week. Luqman also should limit physical inactivity and sedentary habits. Next is eat adequate amount of rice, other cereal products (preferably whole grain) and tubers. Luqman are recommended to consume at least four servings of cereal foods daily, choose at least half of his grain products from whole grains and choose cereal products that are high in fibre, low in fat, sugar and salt. Fifth is eat plenty of fruits and vegetables every day. In order to improve his dietary, he should eat a variety of fruits and vegetables every day. He also should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables every day. Sixth, Luqman should consume moderate amounts of fish, meat, poultry, eggs, legumes and nuts. He also should practise healthier cooking methods for fish, meat, poultry and egg dishes such as steam, soup, and others. Meat and poultry that are low in fat and cholesterol are should be chosen. Nuts and seeds also should be included in his weekly diet for better health. Besides that, he is recommended to consume adequate amounts of milk and milk products. He should replace sweetened condensed milk and sweetened condensed filled milk with unsweetened liquid or powdered milk. Furthermore, is Luqman should limit intake of foods high in fats and minimise fats and oils in food preparation. The intake of unsaturated fats should be taken less than 10% of total daily calorie intake. He should increase the intake of unsaturated fats monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). He also should limit the intake of foods with high cholesterol and food containing trans fatty acids (TFAs). Minimise the use of fats in food preparation in order to keep total daily fat intake between 20% to 30% energy. Moreover, when eating outside, Luqman should choose low fat foods. Next, Luqman is recommended to choose and prepare foods with less salt and sauces. Limit the salt intake to only one teaspoon a day and reduce the consumption of highly salted foods and condiments. Next tips is consume foods and beverages low in sugar. Eleventh, he should drink plenty of water daily eight glasses. Maintain fluid intake from other food sources and avoid alcoholic beverages. Twelve is not related to Luqman since it about breastfeeding. Thirteen is he should

consume safe and clean foods and beverages such as food are stored appropriately, foods which prepared hygienically, foods are cooked thoroughly and when eating outside, he should choose safe and clean premises. Last but not least is make effective use of nutrition information on food labels include making as a guide in choosing foods. Nutrition Information Panel also known as NIP should be used wisely and people need to be educated on the use of it. All stated key message are the ways for Luqman Hakim to improve his dietary intake to be healthier.

Total word: 735 words

Reference Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2012). Malaysian Food Pyramid. Retrieved from http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/malaysian-food-pyramid-2/

Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2010). Malaysian Dietary Guidelines. National Coordinating Committee of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya.

Tee, E. (2011). Development and promotion of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 20(3)...