SI Worksheet 3.5: Phylogeny PDF

Preview

Summary

BioPsych
Dr. D'Anna-Hernandez...

Description

Biopsychology Worksheet 3.5 – Phylogeny 1. True/False a) __T_ There are more animals in a class than an order. b) __T_ A species only includes animals that can and are interested in producing fertile offspring with each other. c) __F_ A population includes animals of the same species, no matter where they are located. d) __T_ All living things are related. 2. Define the following terms. a. Phylogeny: relationship btwn all living things; can be btwn & w/in groups Ex: 23 and Me b. Cladogram: tree that shows common ancestors; takes phylogenic relationship and shows how closely related they are Ex: Ancestry.com c. Homeobox Genes: genes that control development; “regulation;” they are “ON/OFF” switches, moved by radial glial cells - Ex: babies don’t have genes, but grown men do - mutations can cause homeobox genes to not do their jobs o Ex: opposable thumbs; some people have tails bc their homeobox genes were mutated d. Homology: we are similar by virtue of descent or bone structure Ex: humans, whales, and bats are homologous because they all have arm bones; primates are homologous; anything with a spinal cord is homologous e. Analogy: similar by virtue of common environment Ex: Butterflies and bats are analogous because they both developed wings to fly (air environment); dolphins and sharks are analogous because they 3. Describe three ways that we can determine phylogenetic relationships. 1) morphology: studies the evolution of bone structure ex: we can study the relationship between dogs and coyotes by examining teeth 2) embryology: study of embryo formation Ex: ish, humans, turtles, and chickens have very similar embryos but start to look different as they develop 3) Gene similarity Ex: how genetically similar humans are to other primates, how genetically similar sharks are to other fish 4) Carbon dating and looking at fossils

4. Earth formed about _____4.5 billion_____ years ago. The first life forms arose _____3.5 billion_____ years ago. The first brain evolved ______250 million______ years ago. ______6 million______ years ago there were human-like brains (neocortex) and the modern human brain has been around for about ______200,000____ years. 5. If two animals share a common ancestor, does that mean that the animals are the same as one another, the same as their common ancestor, both, or neither? Why? Not the same as one another or their common ancestor; we just have similar lineage This is due to homeobox genes. 6. ***When you write the scientific name of an animal, what do you include? What are the specific rules about how you write it? Following these rules, write the scientific name of a pet dog. Genus species - Italicized OR underlined - Genus is capitalized, species is lower case Dog: Canis familiaris Cat: Felis catus Human: Homo sapien 8. Not all animals have brains. What might they have instead? Give examples. They each have different versions of “brains,” 1) Starfish have nerve nets with sensory neurons that connect to motor neurons; also have radial nerve center (a concentrated area with a lot of nerves) 2) Worms have segmentations with a bunch of sensory or motor nerve “chunks” 3) Jellyfish have radial nerve centers 4) Flies have segmentations They can have nerve nets, segmentations, radial nerve centers, or ganglia cells

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

King Philip Came Over For Good Soup...