Similarities differences between L1 L2 acquisition DOCX

Title	Similarities differences between L1 L2 acquisition
Author	Fatima Chandha
Pages	21
File Size	41.2 KB
File Type	DOCX
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Summary

Similarities:  In both first and second language acquisition, universal grammar may influence learning. In second language learning, universal grammar may influence learning either independently or through the first language.  In both first and second language acquisition, there are predictable st...

Description

Similarities: In both first and second language acquisition, universal grammar may influence learning. In second language learning, universal grammar may influence learning either independently or through the first language. In both first and second language acquisition, there are predictable stages, and particular structures are acquired in a set order. Individuals may move more slowly or quickly through these stages, but they cannot skip ahead. In both first and second language acquisition, making errors is a part of learning. Learners need to make and test hypotheses about language to build an internal representation of the language. In the initial stages of learning, learners may use chunks of language without breaking them down or processing them as independent units. In later stages, they may make new errors as they begin to process the parts of each chunk according to the rules of their language system. For example, a learner may start out using the correct form of an irregular verb as part of a language chunk, but later overgeneralize and place a regular affix on that same verb. In both first and second language acquisition, the learner uses context clues, prior knowledge, and interaction to comprehend language. In both first and second language acquisition, age is an important variable affecting proficiency. In both first and second language acquisition, learners can often comprehend more complex language than they are able to produce. In the initial stages of learning, learners go through a silent period. In both first and second language acquisition, a learner's proficiency can vary across situations. In both first and second language acquisition, learners may overgeneralize vocabulary or rules, using them in contexts broader than those in which they should be used. In both first and second language acquisition, learners need comprehensible input and opportunities to learn language in context in order to increase their proficiency. Differences: In first language acquisition, the basis for learning is universal grammar alone. In second language acquisition, knowledge of the first language also serves as a basis for learning the second language. There may be both positive and negative transfer between languages in second language learning. In first language acquisition, children spend several years listening to language, babbling, and using telegraphic speech before they can form sentences. In second language acquisition in older learners, learning is more rapid and people are able to form sentences within a shorter period of time. In formal second language learning in older learners, learners are able to use more metacognitive processes in their learning. They can consciously analyze and manipulate grammatical structures, and they can explicitly describe how language works. This can speed the learning process....