Simple distaillation lab Report PDF

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Simple Distillation and Gas Chromatography Experiment: Results and Summary: In the simple distillation and gas chromatography lab a simple distillation was performed in a ratio of 50:50 for pentane and heptane. The temperature boiling point ranges are recorded in table 1 for the fractions performed. The scientific recorded boiling point range of pentane and heptane in respective order are 36.1 (℃) and 98.42 (℃). The area percentages of the sample fractions are also listed respectively in table 2.

Fraction

Boiling Point Range for Pentane & Heptane (℃)

1

60.6 - 66.6

2

66.6 - 81.3

3

72.5 - 107.6 Table 1: Fraction Boiling Points

Area Percentages of Sample Fractions (%)

Fraction 1 (%)

Fraction 2 (%)

Fraction 3 (%)

Material Left in Vial (%)afsd

Pentane

92.382

17.541

15.698

0.339

Heptane

7.618

82.459

84.302

99.661

Table 2: Fractions’ Area Percentages for Pentane and Heptane

Area Percentages of Sample Fractions (%)

Fraction 1 (%)

Fraction 2 (%)

Fraction 3 (%)

Material Left in Vial (%)sadf

Hexane

75.679

64.731

35.391

2.327

Heptane

24.321

35.269

64.609

97.673

Table 3: Fractions’ Area Percentages for Hexane and Heptane

Simple Distillation and Gas Chromatography Experiment: Discussion:

Some unexpected events that could have occurred during the performance of the experiment could have been trying to use glycerol instead of grease, putting too much grease that it ends up in the sample, not having the thermometer in the right position (resulting in very inaccurate melting point results) at 30 degrees which is the room temperature could of fixed the temperature issue if it had been ensured that the thermometer placement was (state position) . Otherwise, if the thermometer is too high the measurement would be taking the temperature of the air in the higher end of the assembly (where most of the vapor is probably not even reaching) Thus resulting in a temperature that is artificially low. Moreover, having the thermocouple too low is also problematic because then it might be that we are measuring the temperature of things that are not hot enough to condense. We need to make sure the bare wires in the thermocouple are going to be saturated by the solvent vapor. It should measure the temperature right above the lip inside the distillation head. And might also get some influence from the heating mantle which is the heating source of the reaction. In other words, make sure the temperature readings are reasonable. Another way the experiment could have been improved is in that tiles would have been properly placed to insulate the heating mantle so that too much heat would not be lost to the air in the lab. Moreover, don’t max heat as you won’t get good separation in your data quality this is a matter of results vs. time efficiency. Another thing to consider is that the boiling point should agree with the known boiling point How am I validating the experiment went well? If not what should be done? Talk about boiling point of your samples. If boiling point was narrow and close to the normal boiling point of my sample then it can be said that the sample is close to my samples boiling point. Data analysis will then be based on how as the concentration of heptane increases it is expected that the temperature range increases as well because hexane has a higher boiling point than heptane With and when they boil off How to analyze GC graphs In GC graphs the vertical axis represents micro-volts as an absorbance unit. Thus mv indicates the absorption of the samples. Mv is used to determine the concentration of the fractions. Moreover, the X (horizontal) axis represents the retention time when doing the experiment. Retention time is the time between the injection of the analyte to the detection of the samples. To add retention time can also be used to identity the chemistry of the compound. Where the concentration of a compound can be determined with the calibration curve provided in the GC graph. Example of calibration curve calculation would be sample C1: 50mg/l As concentration increases, the peaks become bigger and higher in a GC graph.

Were the peak area would represent the amount of compound that has passed the detector. (explain above image) The peak A has a higher concentration compared to peak B as the peak Area of peak A is larger. In chromatograms we wan to make sure that we have a straight baseline. Talk about peaks: The mixture is 90% one and the other is 10% Say this for each fraction Say what would you think the compound would be even though we were not given the boiling point for the 4th compound (if we collected the 4th vial like was said in the video)

Simple Distillation and Gas Chromatography Experiment: Will the 4th be mostly one compound or will it still be a mixture based on the boiling point of your sample Talk about the 4th fraction melting point and tell me what is in that sample propose what you think it is based on the three fractions you already obtained and the three melting points The mixtures are going to change one will get bigger and one will get smaller Should be able to deduce what will be in the 4th fraction Analysis of components of the mixtures,how will liquid affect the purity The purpose of doing a distillation is to analyze the purity of a sample and its components.

Bibliography Clement, B. A., & Harding, K. E. (2020). Organic Chemistry Experiments. (spacHayden-McNeil, LLC. Accessed 7 Sept. 2020. Cite the scientific boiling point of both compounds

Dr.Deepak. (2013, December 27). How to Read a Chromatogram? Accessed October adfadfasdf 2  020, from lab-training.com: adfsdfddfdfhttps://lab-training.com/2013/12/27/how-to-read-a-chromatogram/ GL Sciences. (1998). Organic Solvents Retention. Accessed October 2020, from GL adfadfdfdSciences: afasdfdfahttps://www.glsciences.com/product/gc_packings/analysis_example/01435.htd safsdafdml...