Soc-sociology reference guide PDF

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Macquarie University Department of Sociology REFERENCE GUIDE 2014 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Resources 2.1 Style Manuals 2.2 Other Useful Resources 3. Referencing Style 3.1 Referencing in the text 3.1.2 Indirect Quotes 3.1.3 Direct Quotes 3.2 Compiling a Reference List 3.2.1 Quotes from a Book 3.2.2 “ ” Chapter in a Book 3.2.3 “ ” Journal Article 3.2.4 “ “ Media Sources 3.2.5 “ “ Web Based References 3.2.6 “ “ Interviews 4. Summary 5. Plagiarism

1 2 2 3 3-4 5 6 7-8 9 10 11 12 13 14-15 16-17

1. Introduction Golden rule of referencing The ‘Golden Rule’ of referencing is to give the reader enough information to help them easily and quickly find the source you have cited. If they wanted to look at your source and check it for themselves, could they find it easily with the information you have supplied? (Neville 2007: 8)

All essays submitted to the Sociology Department at Macquarie must observe a formal system for referencing citing the works of other writers and thinkers. Consistency and accuracy is important so that the reader can follow up on your research as Neville indicates above, but even more importantly so that you are clear about where your own ideas have come from. The system we ask you to use is the one adopted by the Journal of Sociology: http://jos.sagepub.com/. This is commonly referred to as the Harvard style.

1 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

2. Resources 2.1 Style Manuals: This brief guide covers the basic rules to be used in your writing for Sociology at Macquarie University. There are more detailed guides to usage available. It is recommended that students seeking more advice consult or even purchase a copy of the following:  Snooks & Co (2002), Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers. Milton: John Wiley & Sons, 6th edn. Macquarie University Library Call Number: PN147 .S83 2002 . (Shelved in the RESERVE COLLECTION on level 2 during semester times). This style manual contains full details for referencing, punctuation, Australian abbreviations and so on, used in Australian publishing and writing. There is a lot of useful information on Harvard style in provided in the source of the quote in the introduction above:  Neville, Colin (2007) The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. London: Open University Press. Macquarie University Library Call Number: PN171.F56 N48 2007. Please also consult the University Library’s webpages on research and referencing: http://www.mq.edu.au/on_campus/library/research/ 2.2

Other useful resources:  You can also access the UNIWISE Online Academic Writing and Learning Skills program: http://www.students.mq.edu.au/support/learning_skills/undergraduate/uniwise/ (enrol at this page and it will be available via your iLearn units), where you can find lots of useful information about essay writing at University, and find out about on-campus support for writing and research skills.  Other web pages that are useful include http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm for a list of different types of sources and how to reference them.

2 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3. 3.1.

Referencing style Referencing in the text

All references to books, articles and other sources must be identified at an appropriate point in the text by name of author, year of publication, and pagination. Please be as specific as possible in your referencing, e.g. by indicating page numbers when referring to a particular section of a book or article. 3.1.1 INDIRECT QUOTES:1 If you refer to an idea or paraphrase from an author’s work, AND cite the author's name in the text, the name of the author should be followed by the year of publication and a page reference within parentheses:  Giddens (1979: 40-79) calls this structuration. If you refer to an idea or paraphrase from an author’s work but his or her name IS NOT included in your text, insert the reference after the idea or paraphrased section in parentheses, including surname, year of publication and page number/s separated by a colon:  In this essay I wish to explore the idea of structuration (Giddens 1979: 40-79). Where two authors are involved, cite both surnames:  In this essay I wish to explore the idea of structuration (Giddens & Pierson 1998: 77). Where more than two authors are involved, cite the first surname followed by ‘et al.’ (which means ‘and others’ in Latin):  In this essay I wish to explore the idea of structuration (Beck et al. 1994: vi). 1

INDIRECT QUOTES: def. reference to a work where you quote an author’s ideas from a specific journal article or book, but in your own words. For word-for-word quotations, please see the next section, DIRECT QUOTES. 3 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

For institutional authorship (e.g. reports, policy documents on behalf of a institution where there is no named author) only supply sufficient information for positive identification:  The sharp rise in charges of possession or use of ecstasy in NSW during 2008 (New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 2009: 4) has been claimed to reflect... For multiple citations, separate each individual reference by semicolons:  Several studies of the effectiveness of drug courts in Australia (for example, Payne 2008; Wilson 2006) indicate that... Where there is more than one reference in an article to two or more publications by the same author in the one year, use letters (a, b, c, etc) to distinguish them from the other:  The relationship between politics and sociology has long been contested (for example, Giddens 2001a; Giddens 2001b). Note: The use of a specific sociological term, such as ‘structuration’, for the first time in an essay (and only the first time) should always be signalled by putting the term(s) in italics or by underlining. Underlining and italics mean the same thing in writing so don’t use both; choose one and stick to it.

4 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.1.2 DIRECT QUOTES:2 If you quote an author’s exact words but his or her name IS NOT included in your text, cite the exact quote in single quotation marks, and then insert the reference after the quote in parentheses, including surname, year of publication and page number/s separated by a colon:  'Society only has form, and that form only has effects on people, in so far as structure is produced and reproduced in what people do' (Giddens & Pierson 1998: 77). If you quote an author’s exact words AND cite his or her name in your text, insert the reference after the exact quote surrounded by single quotation marks, and then insert the reference after the quote in parentheses, including year of publication and page number/s separated by a colon.  Giddens has argued that the existence of language proves his theory, because ‘language must be socially structured – there are properties of language use which every speaker must observe’ (2009: 89).

2 DIRECT QUOTES: def. reproducing an author’s exact words into the text of your essay. Try to use these kinds of quotes judiciously, as you want to use them to demonstrate the points of your argument, and you should make sure that you have grasped the overall idea of the author’s analysis, rather than using them as illustrations. Also make sure that direct quotes flow properly from one sentence to another and within the sentence in terms of grammar. Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 5 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2

Compiling a Reference List 

All items cited in the text should be listed in an appendix titled "References".



The list should be sorted alphabetically by author and for each author, by year of publication.



List all authors by name -- do not use 'et al.' or ampersands (&) in your reference list, only in the in-text citations in the body of your essay. Note: In an reference list, every line after the first should be indented (in Microsoft Word it’s called ‘hanging indent’. To apply to your list, highlight the text, then choose ‘Format  Paragraph Indentation-Special  Hanging’).

The rest of this section demonstrates how to compile your reference list depending on what type of source you are citing.

6 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2.1 BOOK: Elements of the citation: [Author/s surname], [initial/s]. [Year in brackets] [Title in italics]. [Place of publication]: [Publisher]. Reference Type

In-text examples

Reference list example

Single author

Giddens (1979: 40-79) calls this structuration.

Joint authors

In this essay I wish to explore the idea of structuration (Giddens & Pierson 1998: 77).

3 or more authors

In this essay I wish to explore the idea of structuration (Beck et al. 1994: vi).

Corporate author (book published by an organisation or institution with no named author)

Changes to editorial and news policy were instituted across the US in the 1980s after a journalist’s Pulitzer Prize was withdrawn when she admitted fabricating quotes and sources (National News Council 1981).

Giddens, A. (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory. London: Macmillan. Giddens, A. and Pierson, C. (1998) Conversations with Anthony Giddens: Making sense of modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press Beck, U., A. Giddens, and S. Lash (1994) Reflexive modernization: Politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order. Stanford: Stanford University Press. National News Council (1981) After ‘Jimmy's World’: Tightening Up in Editing. New York: National News Council.

EndNote & RefWorks: which reference type? Book

Book

Book

Book

7 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

Multiple works by the same author

The relationship between politics and sociology has been a contested field (for example, Giddens 2001a; Giddens 2001b).

Giddens, A. (2001a) ‘Problems of Action and Structure’, pp. 88-175 in P. Cassell (ed.) The Giddens Reader, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Book

Giddens, A. (ed.) (2001b) The Global Third Way Debate. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Edited book

The relationship between politics and sociology has been a contested field (for example, Giddens 2001).

Order chronologically in the reference list Giddens, A. (ed.) (2001) The Global Third Way Debate. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Edited book

8 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2.2 CHAPTER IN A BOOK Elements of the citation: [Author/s surname], [initial/s]. [Year in brackets] ‘[Chapter Title]’, pp. [page numbe rs] in [Editor’s/s’ Name/s] ([ed./eds]) [Title in italics]. [Place of publication]: [Publisher]. Reference Type

In-text examples

Reference list example

Single author

Giddens (2001) has noted the...

Joint authors

Globalisation is a term that has been used to analyse, among other things, the effects on international relations, politics and migration (Held and McGrew 2003). Generations have been shown to develop significantly different ways for understanding events (Schuman et al. 1997).

Giddens, A. (2001) ‘Problems of Action and Structure’, pp. 88-175 in P. Cassell (ed.) The Giddens Reader. Cambridge: Polity Press. Held, D. and A. McGrew (2003) ‘The Great Globalisation Debate: An Introduction’, pp. 1-50 in D. Held and A. McGrew (eds), The Global Transformations Reader: An introduction to the globalization debate. Cambridge: Polity Press.

3 or more authors

EndNote & RefWorks: which reference type? Book section Book section

Schuman, H., R. Belli and K. Bischoping (1997) ‘The Book section generational basis of historical knowledge’, pp. 4379 in J. W. Pennebaker, D. Paez and B. Rime Collective memory of political events: social psychological perspectives. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

9 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2.3. JOURNAL ARTICLE Elements of the citation: [Author/s surname], [initial/s]. [Year in brackets] ‘[Title]’, [Name of Journal in italics] [Volume number, issue number and page numbers]. Reference Type

In-text examples

Reference list example

Single author

Aspers (2007) notes how influential Nietzsche’s work was to viewing reality as a social construction. The problem of access to education for youth in rural communities has been of growing concern to policy makers in the field (Alston and Kent 2003). The rise of e-learning in the education system has been seen to be marked by a lack of critical debate about its usefulness (Clegg et al 2003).

Aspers, P. (2007). ‘Nietzsche’s Sociology’ in Sociological Forum 22 (4) Dec 2007: 474–499. Alston, M and J. Kent (2003) ‘Educational Journal Article access for Australia’s rural young people: A case of social exclusion’ in Australian Journal of Education 47 (1): 5-17. Clegg, S., A. Hudson and J. Steel. (2003) Journal Article ‘The Emperor’s New Clothes: Globalisation and e-learning in Higher Education’ British Journal of Sociology of Education 24 (1) Feb: 39-53.

Joint authors

3 or more authors

EndNote & RefWorks: which reference type? Journal Article

Note: Sometimes journals do not have both volume and issue numbers. Give both if they do exist; otherwise, list either the volume or the issue number—whichever is available. If only a season is listed, e.g., “Spring”, use this. The aim is to be as clear as possible as to which issue of the journal is being cited.

Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 10 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2.4 MEDIA SOURCES Elements of the citation: [Authors surname], [initials]. [year in brackets] ‘[Title]’ [Name of source] [Date]. Note: These are listed in exactly the same way as books and journal articles, except that instead of a volume number you will use the publication date and corporate authors will be listed by program or publication name. Reference Type

In-text example

Reference list example

Single author

The question of equal pay has revealed ongoing concerns for the Labour government (Burton 1987). In 2007 a Sydney newspaper devoted a whole page to discussing the issue (Sydney Morning Herald: 14). Sylvio Carey commented at the end of the trial that the government had done wrong by his family (A Current Event 2008) When interviewed on ‘Life Matters’ Gunston (1998) remarked...

Burton, C. (1987) ‘Equal Pay: A comment’ Sydney Morning Herald 23 January: 14. Sydney Morning Herald (2007) 23 January: Spectrum, 14.

Corporate author (unattributed newspaper article) Corporate author (tv or radio program)

Single Author (for person interviewed as part of a tv or radio program)

Endnote & RefWorks: which reference type? Newspaper Article

Newspaper Article

A Current Event (2008) Channel Nine Television, Sydney 26 September.

Broadcast

Gunston, N. (1998) interviewed on Life Matters, Radio National, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 12 February.

Broadcast

Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 11 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2.5 WEB-BASED REFERENCES Elements of the citation: [Author or name of Web Page], [year]. ‘[Title]’, [Publisher (if indicated)], [Web Address], [Date and year accessed]. If you use internet sources in your writing it is important to provide details of the Internet address and the date upon which you accessed the information. Reference Type

In-Text Example

Single author

Schwartz (2009) has commented on this trend...

Corporate Author

The SMH Online (2011) reported that Kevin Rudd’s sister, Lora Rudd would quit the party over this issue…

Reference List Example

Endnote & RefWorks: Which reference type? Schwartz, S. (2009), ‘Weaving a spell’, Vice-Chancellor’s Blog, Web Page Macquarie University, 13 August, http://www.vc.mq.edu.au/blog/2009/08/13/weaving-a-spell/, Accessed 19 August 2010. SMH Online (2011) ‘Kevin Rudd's sister quits Labor over gay marriage policy’, 13 December, http://www.smh.com.au/queensland/kevin-rudds-sister-quitslabor-over-gay-marriage-policy-20111213-1os44.html, Accessed 14 December 2011.

Web Page

12 Sociology Reference Guide v1.4 Created 18 April 2012, by Stephen Gale & Justine Lloyd, with assistance from Harry Blatterer, Norbert Ebert, Ben Spies-Butcher, Raj Velayutham and Sheila Watkins. Updated 15 April 2014 by Justine Lloyd. This project has been supported by the Australian Sociological Association.

3.2.6 INTERVIEWS Use this style only if quoting from an interview you have conducted. If you want to cite an interview broadcast on television or radio, use the style for broadcast media material above; if you want to cite an interview on a blog or webpage, use the style for web-based references above. Elements of the citiation: [name of the intervie...