Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development PDF

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Sociocultural Theory ofCognitive DevelopmentBy Kendra Cherry  Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 26, 2019More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial PsychologySo...

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Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development By Ke nd r aCh e r r y

  Re v i e we db y AmyMor i n, LCSW Upda t e donNo v e mb e r26, 201 9

Mor ei nTheor i es       

Dev el opment alPs y chol ogy Behav i or alPs y c hol ogy Cogni t i v ePs y chol ogy Per s onal i t yPs y c hol ogy Soci alPs y chol ogy Bi ol ogi calPs y chol ogy Ps y c hos oc i alPs y chol ogy Soc i oc ul t ur a lt he or yi sa ne me r gi ngt he or yi nps y c hol o gyt ha tl ooksa tt hei mpor t a nt c ont r i but i onst ha ts oc i e t yma k e st oi ndi vi dua lde v e l op me nt . Thi st he or ys t r e s s e st hei nt e r a c t i on be t we e nde v e l opi n gpe opl ea ndt hec u l t ur ei nwhi c ht he yl i v e . Soc i oc ul t ur a lt he or ya l s os ug g e s t s t ha thuma nl e a r ni ngi sl a r g e l yas oc i a lpr oc e s s .

I l l u s t r a t i onb yBr i a nn aGi l ma r t i n,Ve r y we l l

AnI nt r oduct i ont oSoci ocul t ur alTheor y Soc i oc ul t ur a lt he or ygr e wf r omt hewor kofs e mi na lps y c hol o gi s tLe vVy g ot s ky, whobe l i e v e d t ha tpa r e nt s , c a r e g i v e r s , pe e r s ,a ndt hec ul t ur ea tl a r g ewe r er e s pons i bl ef orde v e l opi n ghi ghe r or de rf unc t i ons . Ac c or di n gt oVy g o t s k y , l e a r ni n gh a si t sb a s i si ni n t e r a c t i n gwi t ho t h e rpe opl e . On c et h i sh a s o c c ur r e d ,t hei nf or ma t i oni st he ni n t e gr a t e do nt hei nd i v i d ua ll e v e l : e u d, Ski n ne r , a ndPi a g e t , b uthi s Vy g o t s kywa sac ont e mp or a r yo fo t h e rg r e a tt h i n k e r ss uc ha sFr e a r l yde a t ha ta g e3 7a ndt hes up pr e s s i ono fh i swo r ki nSt a l i ni s tRu s s i al e f th i mi nr e l a t i v e o b s c ur i t yunt i lf a i r l yr e c e n t l y . Ash i swor kbe c a memor ewi d e l yp ubl i s he d, h i si de a sha v egr o wn i nc r e a s i n g l yi nflu e nt i a li na r e a si nc l ud i n gc h i l dd e v e l op me n t ,c o gn i t i v ep s y c h ol o gy, a nd e d uc a t i o n. Soc i oc ul t u r a lt h e or yf o c us e sno to n l yho wa d ul t sa ndpe e r si n flue nc ei nd i v i d ua ll e a r ni n g ,b u ta l s o t t i t ude si mpa c th o wi n s t r uc t i ona ndl e a r ni n gt a k ep l a c e . o nh o wc ul t u r a lb e l i e f sa nda Ac c or d i n gt oVy g o t s ky , c h i l dr e na r eb o r nwi t hba s i cb i o l o gi c a ll i mi t a t i o nso nt he i rmi n ds . Ea c h c u l t ur e , ho we v e r , pr o v i de swha th er e f e r r e dt oa s' t o ol so fi nt e l l e c t ua la da p t a t i on. ' The s et oo l s a l l o wc hi l dr e nt ou s et he i rb a s i cme nt a la bi l i t i e si nawa yt ha ti sa da pt i v et ot hec u l t ur ei nwh i c h t he yl i v e . Fore x a mp l e , whi l eo nec ul t ur emi g hte mp ha s i z eme mor ys t r a t e gi e ss u c ha sno t e t a ki n g , o t he rc u l t ur e smi g htut i l i z et o o l sl i k er e mi n de r so rr o t eme mor i z a t i o n.

Pi agetv s .Vy got s ky :KeyDi ffer ences Soho wd oe sVy g o t s ky ' ss o c i o c u l t u r a lt he o r yd i ffe rf r o mPi a g e t ' st he or yofc o gn i t i v e d e v e l opme nt ? Fi r s t , Vy g ot s kyp l a c e dagr e a t e re mp ha s i so nh o ws oc i a lf a c t or si n flue nc ede v e l o pme nt . Wh i l e Pi a g e t ' st he o r ys t r e s s e dh o wac h i l d ' si nt e r a c t i o nsa nde xp l o r a t i o nsi n flue nc e dd e v e l opme nt , 1 Vy g o t s kys t r e s s e dt hee s s e n t i a lr o l et h a ts o c i a li nt e r a c t i onsp l a yi nc o gni t i v ed e v e l o pme nt .

An o t he ri mp o r t a ntd i ffe r e nc eb e t we e nt het wot he o r i e swa st ha twh i l ePi a g e t ' st he or ys u gg e s t s t ha tde v e l op me n ti sl a r g e l yu ni v e r s a l , Vy g o t s k ys u g g e s t e dt h a tc o g ni t i v ede v e l o pme ntc a nd i ffe r b e t we e nd i ffe r e n tc u l t u r e s .Thec ou r s eo fd e v e l op me nti nWe s t e r nc ul t u r e ,f o re x a mpl e , mi g htbe d i ffe r e ntt ha ni ti si nEa s t e r nc u l t ur e . Pi a g e t ' sFourSt a g e so fCo g ni t i v eDe v e l o pme nt

TheZoneofPr ox i malDev el opment 2 Ani mpor t a ntc o nc e p ti ns oc i oc ul t u r a lt h e or yi skn o wna st h ez o neo fp r o xi ma ld e v e l o pme nt .

Ac c or d i n gt oVy g o t s ky , t h ez oneo fp r o xi ma ld e v e l op me nt" i st hed i s t a nc ebe t we e nt hea c t ua l d e v e l opme ntl e v e la sd e t e r mi n e db yi nd e pe nd e ntp r o bl e ms o l v i n ga ndt hel e v e lo fp ot e nt i a l d e v e l opme nta sd e t e r mi ne dt h r ou ghpr ob l e ms ol vi n gund e ra dul tg u i da n c eori nc o l l a b or a t i on wi t hmo r ec a pa bl ep e e r s . " Es s e nt i a l l y , i ti nc l ude sa l lo ft hekn o wl e dg ea nds ki l l st ha tap e r s o nc a nn o ty e tund e r s t a n do r p e r f o r mont h e i ro wny e tb uti sc a p a bl eo fl e a r ni n gwi t hg ui da nc e .Asc h i l dr e na r ea l l o we dt o s t r e t c ht he i rs ki l l sa ndkno wl e d g e , of t e nb yo b s e r v i n gs ome onewhoi ss l i ght l ymor ea d v a nc e d t ha nt he ya r e , t h e ya r ea bl et op r o gr e s s i v e l ye x t e n dt h i sz o neo fp r o xi ma ld e v e l opme nt . Ex pl or i n gt heZo neo fPr o xi ma lDe v e l o pme nt

Obser v at i onsAboutSoci alLear ni ngTheor y I nhi st e xt , " Soc i a la n dPe r s ona l i t yDe v e l op me n t , "a u t ho rDa vi dR. Sh a ffe re xp l a i n st ha twhi l e Pi a g e tbe l i e v e dt h a tc o g ni t i v ede v e l o pme ntwa sf a i r l yu ni v e r s a l , Vy g ot s k yb e l i e v e dt h a te a c h c u l t ur ep r e s e nt su ni q ued i ffe r e nc e s . Be c a u s ec ul t ur e sc a nv a r ys od r a ma t i c a l l y , Vy g ot s k y ' s s oc i oc ul t u r a lt h e or ys u gg e s t st ha tb o t ht hec ou r s ea n dc on t e nto fi n t e l l e c t u a ld e v e l opme nta r en o t a su ni v e r s a la sPi a g e tb e l i e v e d .

Pr act i calAppl i cat i onsf orVy got sky ' s Soci ocul t ur alTheor y

Soc i oc ul t u r a lt h e or yha sg a i ne dp op ul a r i t yi nr e c e nty e a r s , pa r t i c ul a r l yi ne duc a t i on a ls e t t i n g s . Somee x a mpl e so fh o wt hi st h e or yc a nb ep uti nt op r a c t i c ei nt her e a lwor l d:

I nt heCl as sr oom 3 I n Un d e r s t a nd i n gt hel e v e l soft h ez on eo fp r o x i ma ld e v e l o pme ntc a nb eh e l p f ulf o rt e a c he r s .

c l a s s r o oms e t t i n g s , t e a c he r sma yfir s ta s s e s ss t u de n t st od e t e r mi net he i rc u r r e n ts ki l ll e v e l .Onc e t hi sha sbe e na s c e r t a i ne d, e du c a t o r sc a nt he no ffe ri ns t r uc t i o nt ha ts t r e t c he st hel i mi t so fe a c h c h i l d ' sc a pa b i l i t i e s . Atfir s t , t h es t u de ntma yn e e da s s i s t a n c ef r oma na dul to rmor e kno wl e d g e a bl epe e r ,b ute v e nt u a l l y , t he i rz on eo fp r o x i ma ld e v e l o pme ntwi l le x pa nd . 

Te a c h e r sc a np l a nt he i ri ns t r uc t i ona ndl e s s o n s . Fo re x a mp l e , t het e a c he rmi ghto r g a ni z e t hec l a s si nt ogr oup swhe r el e s ss ki l l e dc hi l d r e na r ep a i r e dwi t hs t u de nt swhoha v ea h i g he rs ki l ll e v e l .

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Hi nt s , pr omp t s , a n dd i r e c ti n s t r u c t i onc a nb eu s e dt oh e l pki d si mp r o v et he i ra bi l i t yl e v e l s .



Ed uc a t o r smi gh ta l s ou t i l i z et hec onc e p tofs c a ffo l d i n g , whe r et het e a c he rp r o vi de s p r omp t st omo v et hec h i l dp r o gr e s s i v e l yf or wa r dt o wa r dag o a l .

Soc i al i z i ngandPl ay 4 Te a c he r sa ndp a r e nt sc a n Vy g o t s ky ' st he or ya l s os t r e s s e dt hei mp o r t a n c eo fpl a yi nl e a r n i n g .

u t i l i z et hi skno wl e d g eb yp r o v i di n gc hi l dr e np l e nt yo fopp or t un i t i e sf o rp l a ye x pe r i e n c e s . Vy g o t s kybe l i e v e dt h a tt hr o u ghp l a yi n ga ndi ma gi ni n g ,c hi l dr e nwe r ea b l et of ur t he rs t r e t c ht h e i r c o nc e p t ua la bi l i t i e sa ndkn o wl e dg eo ft h ewor l d . Ty pe so fp l a yt ha tc a nf ur t he rl e a r ni nc l u dei ma gi n a r yp l a y , r o l e pl a yi n g , g a me s ,a nd r e e n a c t me nt sofr e a le v e nt s . Su c ha c t i v i t i e sh e l pf o s t e rt heg r o wt ho fa b s t r a c tt h ou ght . concepts,...