Sociological Aspects 2: Brief Notes PDF

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H. Baines.
Lecture notes on sociological aspects 2....

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Sociological Aspects (Year Two)

What is Sociology? sociology refers to the scientific study of human society. Identities are contextualised with in time and space. Ideology in and power Social inclusion sport: The to production reproduction of gender ideology connection sport ‘Sportserves reproduceand social and economic distinctions andinpreserve the with power and influence of those  The ways in whichwho prevailing gender ideology constraints peoples lives and subvert the achievement control resources in society (Tomlinson, 2007)’. of gender equity cultural and structural changes required to achieve gender equality and democratic access to How do weThe define social class? (Macionis and Plummer, 1997) participation. Karl Marx - ‘in terms of those who own the means of production and those who do not’. are are the ranked reasonsinfor increase in participation? Weber What - ‘people a multidimensional status hierarchy… measure of social position which includes a person’s income, wealth, occupation and ‘spending power’ in the market’.  New opportunities Government legislation andsimilar policies equal People in particular social class share lifemandating chances, that is,rights similar odds for achieving economic The global woman rights movement success, status and power in society. Children born in to wealthy, powerful and well connected families are  positioning The healthtoand fitnesswealthy, movement in better become powerful and well-connected adults than are children born in to  Increased coverage poor families that lackmedia influence and social networks connecting them with educational and career opportunities. Social capital: the more social capital you have, the easier it will be get a job. Government legislation and policies mandating equal rights: The sex and discrimination act 1975, The gender inequality 2007. A meritocracy is a form ofduty social organisation in which rewards and positions of leadership and power go to people who deserve them due to their abilities and qualifications. Types of feminist: National Lottery: contributed to social class, working class people buy the tickets and the prize money is Liberal feminists – argue that theyand are middle disadvantaged disproportionately biased towards upper class. because they do not have equality of access and opportunities with men. So basically they argue that sport is positive entity if women had the opportunity to participate. (Changing the laws andexample, policies of society). Sports are stratified within themselves – for horse racing generally sees upper class owners, middle class trainers and working class followers gambling in the bookmakers. Marxist feminism – Marxist feminists maintain that men control the means of production. This has lead Marxist feminists stategirl women have less financialunwittingly capacity toorengage sportofdue toitlower earners. Leah Cohen (2005)to“any who boxes challenges, not theinidea what means to be a girl Women(need and Gender in Sport: a revolution which gets rid of major political parties) in our for culture” Choice Post and constraint structural feminists – suggestisthat not allwhich women are the same and it is possible for individual Concept of patriarchy: Patriarchy a system, oppresses women We must understand relationship between sports widespread beliefs aboutthe masculinity, femininity, women to havethe multiple experiences within theand sports arena and challenge gender order (also, at the homosexuality and heterosexuality. (What does it mean to be a man and what does it mean to be a woman same tie be concerned with the appearance and body shape – thus not experiencing a complete We may start by simply treating patriarchy as a system, which oppresses women (Bhopal 1997; Johnson, in a world of sport?) of dominant gender ideologies). transformation 1997. Patriarchy is often described as an ideology as a “set of symbols and ideas that make up a culture embodied by everything from the content of everyday conversation to literature and film (Johnson, 1997, 40.5% of men play sport where as only 31.9 of women play sport. This shows that gender has a big Radical feminism –sphere, oppression of women (1997) is traced to maleisdomination (patriarchal (want p.84. A patriarchal as marshment suggests, one in which men who society) are publishers, influence on activity levels. complete separation will causeproducers an increase in women’s participation). editors, film directorsthat or television produce the images that define women. This, marshment (1997) suggests, for women to be shown “providing: themselves for masculine values they are often Coakley & Pike (2009) Fairness and equity, ideology and power. perceived as Pike “dysfunctional”, “aggressive” Coakley and (2009) suggest that thereand are “feminists” six reasons to be cautious about the pace and extent of Sports participation patters among girls and women. Gender inequalities in participation opportunities, future sport participation increases; support forBudget athletes and jobs in coaching and administration. Strategies for achieving equal opportunities cuts for girls and women  Backlash amount people who resent changes that threaten dominant gender ideology  Gender representation of women in decision making positions in sports  Continued emphasis on “cosmetic fitness”  Trivialization of women’s sports  Homophobia and the threat of being labeled lesbian...