SOCY 372 #3 - Lecture notes 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

socy 372 notes...

Description

Multiple Choice: CHAPTER 13 1. Need who set the House of Refuge up (469) ● A care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment ● Creation affected by prominent Quakers and influential political leaders 2. Charles Loring Brace; who is he? ● Developed the Children’s Aid Society ● Dealt with delinquent youths by rescuing them from harsh environments of the city and providing them with temporary shelter 3. Know activities of the Children’s Aid Society (472) ● Child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie 4. Orphan trains: the name for trains in which urban youths were sent west by the Children’s Aid Society for adoption with local farm couples Society for prevention cruelty of children established; what year? (472) ● First established in 1874, these organizations protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school ● Placed them with other families and advocating for criminal penalties for negligent parents 5. Know when first juvenile court was established (474) ● Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 established the nation’s first independent juvenile court; established juvenile delinquency as a legal concept 6. Know about standard of proof that was required to adjudicate a child delinquent when courts were first set up; much lower standard than it was- preponderance ● Preponderance of the evidence (much lower standard than today’s courts) 7. Beyond a reasonable doubt ● 99.9% confident 8. How does text define status offenders? ● Early legal designation of youths who violate the law because of their minority status wayward minor 9. What happens to repeat juvenile offenders who are deemed untreatable by the authorities? ● They get transferred or waived to adult court (p. 478) 10. What percentage of kids who are arrested are reported to juvenile court ● 68% (p. 479) 11. Know about detention centers ● Secure pretrial holding facilities ● Temporary holding of care for child 12. Know about Arizona vs. Gant ● Required law enforcement officers to demonstrate an actual and continuing threat to their

safety posed by an arrestee ● Or need to preserve evidence related to crime of arrest from tampering by the arrestee ● Need to preserve evidence related to crime of arrest from tampering by the arrested 13. Know what a warrantless search is? ● Stop and frisk ● Incident after arrest ● Electronic surveillance ● Home entry ● Automobile search ● Plain view 14. Know In Re Gault court case was; what were the findings? ● A juvenile has basic due process rights 15. Know what a custodial interrogation is? ● Questions posed by the police to a suspect held in custody in the prejudicial stage of the juvenile justice process; juveniles have the same rights against self-incrimination as adults do when being questioned 16. Know what a juvenile needs if they wish to waive their Miranda rights? ● He/she can waive their rights without parents and lawyers present, it is not a violation of their 5th Amendment rights, & its legality is determined by the totality of the circumstances ● Supreme Court decisions require police officers to inform individuals under arrest of their constitutional rights; warning must also be given when suspicion begins to focus on an individual in the accusatory stage 17. Know about discretion; officers discretion ● Use personal decision making and choice in carrying out operations in criminal justice system, such as deciding whether to make an arrest or when to accept a plea bargain 18. Know about environmental factors that influence discretion? ● In liberal environments, the police may be inclined to release juveniles rather than arrest them ● In conservative communities, the police expect a no-nonsense approach to police enforcement; police may be more inclined to arrest because they believe nothing else can be done ● Some officers may use arrest because they believe nothing else can be done ● Others may favor referring juveniles to social service agencies, particularly if they believe a community has a variety of good resources; these referrals save time and effort 19. Situational factors that affect discretion? ● The attitude of the complainant and offender ● The type and seriousness of the offense ● The race, sex, and age of the offender ● The offender’s prior contacts with the police ● The perceived willingness of the parents to assist in solving the problem (in the case of a

child) ● The likelihood that a child can be served by an agency in the community 20. Know what procedural justice is? ● An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender’s problem or dispute was handled by police 21. Know about the chivalry effect/hypothesis? ● Holds that police are likely to act paternally toward young girls and not arrest them. Others believe that police may be more likely to arrest female offenders because their actions violate officers’ stereotypes of the female 22. Know what a petition is? ● Document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile. 23. Know what happens to most kids when taken into police custody? ● They are questioned by police in prejudicial stage, and maintain the right against selfincrimination 24. Know about project Confirm in NYC ● designed to address the issue of foster youth in the juvenile justice system 25. Know about the main purpose to the 1989 amendment to juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act of 1974 ● Prohibits the placement of juvenile offenders in adult facilities 26. Know about Graham vs. Florida ● Eliminated life sentences without possibility of parole for juveniles convicted nonhomicide crimes 27. Judges do not have to follow recommendations of probation office, but what percentage do they follow? ● More that 90% (p.552) 28. Know the Appellate process? ● Allows the juvenile an opportunity to have the case brought before a reviewing court after it has been heard in juvenile or family court 29. Know basic philosophy of the disposition hearing ● Meant to look out for the best interest of the child 30. Know about determinate sentences ● Specifics a fixed term to detention that must be served 31. Know about what family group homes are ● Combo of foster care and group homes that is run by a single family 32. Know what active electronic monitoring is ● Radio transmitter that sends signals to probation officer computers if juvenile offender leave places of confinement 33. Know balanced probation ● Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency, and individualized attention to the juvenile offender; based on the principle

that juvenile offenders must accept responsibility for their behavior. 34. Monetary Restitution ● A requirement that juvenile offenders compensate crime victims for out-of-pocket losses caused by the crime, including property damage, lost wages, and medical expenses 35. Community Service Restitution ● The juvenile offender is required to assist some worthwhile community organization for a period of time 36. Know about the cottage system ● Housing juvenile in a compound containing a series of cottages, each of which accommodates 20 to 40 children and is run by a set of cottage parents who create a homelike atmosphere 37. Least restrictive alternative in deciding incarceration options for status offenders is defined as this.. ● A program with the least restrictive or secure setting that would be best for the child 38. Know what experts are saying the increase in cause of violence with teens in Europe ● Racial tension, poverty, envy, drug abuse, broken families, unemployment, alienation 39. Know about death squads (p. 612) ● Common to South America, organized government or criminal groups that selectively kill members of opposing groups or incite fear in those groups and among their supporters 40. Know what Japanese term Hikikomori is ● Those who isolate themselves; troubled youth who commit crimes and engage in other antisocial acts 41. Know what organized terrorist group is ● Have a political purpose beyond suffering of their victims, want to bring about social, political, or religious change 42. Know about operation blue orchid ● Led to criminal investigations against people who ordered child pornography in more than 20 nations 43. Know what percentage of crimes are committed in Japan by those under 20 ● Almost 50% 44. Know which organization gathers the most accurate stats on murder ● WHO (World Health Organization) 45. Know which country has lowest crime and delinquency rate since world war 2 ● Japan 46. Know what transnational crime is (p. 617) ● Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the laws of these countries 47. International crime (617) ● Crime that is punishable under international law 48. Why did Anissa and Morgan stab peyton 19 times? ● Slenderman

49. Why did Cyntonia brown say she committed murder ●

Brown said she thought he was "gonna get a gun and hurt me or is gonna do something to me." (Self-defense)

50. What city was Ross Capicchioni almost murdered in? ● East side of Detroit Fill In The Blank Consent Decree: a court order authorizing disposition of a case without a formal label of delinquency 2. Waivers: transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecution 3. Transfer: (transfer process); moving juvenile offender from the jurisdiction of a juvenile court to adult criminal court 4. Beyond reasonable doubt: In re Winship; proof beyond a reasonable doubt is necessary for conviction in juvenile proceedings 5. Conditions of Probation: the rules and regulations mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way 6. Know what united nations call the richest country in world: developed countries 7. Skinheads: Member of a white supremacist gang, identified by a shaved skull and Nazi or Ku Klux Klan markings 8. What’s the main reason of violence amongst teen in Europe: Immigration 9. Death Squad: common to South America, organized government or criminal groups that selectively kill members of opposing groups and incite fear in those groups and among supporters 10. Statistics that the UN has about crime- relating back to death squad?: ● The UN Survey of Crime Records 11. Know about the United Nations survey of crime trends: 12. Transnational crime: crime that is carried out across the borders of 2+ countries and violates the laws of those countries 13. International crime: crime that is punishable under international law 14. Cross national crime: comparing one country’s experience with delinquency without another 15. Examples of property crime: burglary, larceny, theft, vandalism 16. Chivalry Hypothesis: the view that low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders 17. Racial Bias: association of stereotypes at attitudes toward groups based on race 18. Bifurcated process: the procedure of separating adjudicatory and dispositional hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each 19. Petition: document filled with juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile 20. Most important institution playing role in delinquency prevention: School

Extra Credit Question: How close was Payton to dying? Breadth of a human hair....