Solutions and Test Bank For Social Psychology: The Science of Everyday Life 3rd Edition By Jeff Greenberg PDF

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Solutions Manual, Test Bank, eBook For Social Psychology: The Science of Everyday Life 3rd Edition By Jeff Greenberg, Toni Schmader, Jamie Arndt, Mark Landau ; 9781319191788, 1319191789...

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Chap01_3e Indicatetheanswerchoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 1. Whatisthemostgeneraltermforthetypeofresearchinwhichtwoormorevariablesaremeasuredand comparedtodeterminetheextenttowhichtheyareassociated? a. theexperimentalmethod b. thecorrelationalmethod c. quasi-experimentaldesign d. randomassignment 2. Researchersareinterestedinwhethertheamountofviolentvideogamesplayedasachildisrelatedto aggressioninadulthood.Toanswerthisquestion,theycollecteddataonagroupof200peopleeachyear fromtheagesof9–25.ThisstudyisBESTconsideredanexampleofa(n): a. longitudinaldesign. b. correlationaldesign. c. experimentaldesign. d. quasi-experiment. 3. _____referstothejudgmentthatforaparticularexperiment,itispossibletoconcludethattheindependent variablecausedthechangeinthedependentvariable. a. Internalvalidity b. Operationalization c. Constructvalidity d. Externalvalidity 4. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanofficialethicalrequirementforresearchwithhumansubjects? a. Participantsmustbegiventhechanceforinformedconsentandbefreetowithdrawatanytime. b. Projectsmustbeapprovedbyaninstitutionalreviewboard. c. Thefullpurposeofastudymustbeexplainedtoparticipantsbeforetheybegin. d. Participantsshouldbeassuredthateffortswillbetakentoprotecttheconfidentialityandanonymityof theirdata. 5. CarolandDeanaremovingtoanewstateandtryingtodecidebetweenthreecitiestolivein.Asachild, Carolknewsomeonefromoneofthesecitieswhomshedidnotlike,andthinksnegativelyaboutthiscityas aresult.Whenvisitingthiscity,Carolonlynoticesthingssuchaspotholesintheroad,rundownbuildings,and litterinthestreet.WhichpsychologicalconceptbestexplainsCarol'sbehavior? a. reversecausality b. causalattributions c. confirmationbias d. stereotypethreat

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Chap01_3e 6.Anif-thenstatementthatspecifieswhattherelationshipsbetweenvariablesshouldbelikeifatheoryis

correctiscalleda: a.correlationcoefficient. b.hypothesis. c.researchquestion. d.causalattribution. 7.WhichofthefollowingtechniquesofmeasurementisNOTconsideredatooloftheneuroscienceperspective

insocialpsychology? a.brainimaging b.assessingcardiovascularfunctioning c.assessingpeople'sbehaviors d.measuringbrainwaves 8.Lordandcolleagueshadpsychologystudentsreadabouttwostudiesonthesocialimpactofcapital

punishment.Onestudyseemedtoconfirmthatthedeathpenaltyiseffectiveasacrimedeterrent,whilethe otherstudysuggestedthatitisnoteffective.Studentsonbothsidesofthedebatecameawayholdingtheir initialpositionsevenmorestronglythanbefore.Thisfindingisevidenceof: a.socialcomparison. b.confirmationbias. c.causalattribution. d.hypocrisy. 9.Whichofthefollowingeventshadamajorinfluenceonthehistoryofsocialpsychology?

a.theeconomiccrisisofthe1970s b.WorldWarII c.theColdWar d.thedevelopmentofinstitutionalcareforpeoplewithseverepersonalitydisorders 10.Simonisaveryextravertedperson.However,atschoolherarelytalkstohisclassmates.Whatisthebest

explanationofSimon'sbehaviorinthiscase? a.hispersonality b.thesituation c.hishabits d.theinteractionofthesituationandhispersonality

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Chap01_3e 11.Whichofthefollowinginstancesisanexampleofthewayweusesocialcomparisonstoself-evaluate?

a.Aninstructorprovidespersonalfeedbackonatest. b.Apersonshootingrolled-uppaperballsintoawastebasketisabletomakethreebaskets. c.Achildthinksabouthowtallsheisbylookingaroundattheotherchildreninherclassroom. d.Amotherdecidesthathersonisherfavoritepersonintheworld. 12.WhichofthefollowingsequencesBESTdemonstratesthecycleoftheoryandresearchinscience?

a.Hypothesis→Theory→RevisedTheory→ResearchOutcome b.Theory→Hypothesis→RevisedTheory→ResearchOutcome c.Hypothesis→Theory→ResearchOutcome→RevisedTheory d.Theory→Hypothesis→ResearchOutcome→RevisedTheory 13.Whenwerandomlyassignparticipantstodifferentconditionsofavariable,wearecreatinga(n):

a.independentvariable. b.dependentvariable. c.independentandadependentvariable. d.correlationcoefficient. 14.Aresearchercountsthenumberofpeoplewholookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.Shefindsthat

peoplearemorelikelytodosowhenbythemselvesratherthaningroups.Thisisanexampleof: a.experimentalresearch. b.fieldresearch. c.acasestudy. d.pilotresearch. 15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaformofvaliditywhichsocialpsychologistsareinterestedinobtaining?

a.construct b.reversecausality c.external d.internal 16.Apositiveornegativevaluethatshowsthestrengthanddirectionoftheassociationbetweentwovariablesis

referredtoasa: a.pointestimate. b.dependentvariable. c.conceptualreplication. d.correlationcoefficient.

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Chap01_3e 17.Adevelopmentalpsychologistwantstounderstandhowpeople'sreligiousbeliefsdevelopthrough

adolescenceandearlyadulthood.Whichofthefollowingresearchapproachesisbestsuitedforanswering thisquestion? a.correlational b.experimental c.field d.longitudinal 18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisMOSTtrueregardingscientifictheories?

a.Ifthemethodsdonotexisttotesthypothesesderivedfromthetheory,thetheoryisuseless. b.Ascientifictheoryshouldbedesignedtomatchthemethodsandtechniquescurrentlyavailablefor scientifictesting. c.Evenifthemethodsdonotcurrentlyexistforfullytestingitshypotheses,atheorymaystillultimately beshowntobeanaccuraterepresentationofreality. d.Atheoryshouldbeabletoshowhowthemethodsthathavebeenusedtotestprevioustheoriesare inadequateandoutofdate. 19.Aresearcherisabletoreplicateherstudyresultsusingthesameoperationaldefinitionsinthreecountries

otherthanthecountrywheresheoriginallyconductedtheresearch.Bydoingso,shehasprimarilyincreased the_____ofherfinding. a.conceptualreplicability b.constructvalidity c.internalvalidity d.externalvalidity 20.Whatdoesitmeantosaythathumansareculturalanimals?

a.Humanscreatetheirownsymbolicconceptionofreality. b.Humanstendtolivesociallyingroups. c.Humansindifferentgroupsaroundtheworldarehostiletowardmembersofothergroups. d.Humansareactuallydrivenbyinstincts. 21.The_____methodcanbeusedtomakeresearchersmoreconfidentaboutlikelycausalorder.

a.correlational b.experimental c.fieldstudy d.quasi-experiment

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Chap01_3e 22.Ahealthpsychologistwantstounderstandwhetherself-esteemisrelatedtohealthyeating.Whichofthe

followingresearchapproachesisbestsuitedforansweringthisquestion? a.correlational b.experimental c.field d.longitudinal 23.Thebeliefthatsocialbehaviorisshapedbyexperiencesisreflectiveof:

a.psychoanalytictheory. b.evolutionarytheory. c.thesocialcognitiveperspective. d.behaviorism. 24.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthehumantendencytoavoidstrenuousmentaleffort?

a.cognitivemisers b.cognitiveconservatives c.confirmationbias d.culturalknowledge 25.Lucashasneverseenagerm,andhealsohasn'treadanyofthemedicalresearchsupportinggermtheory.

However,Lucasbelievesthatifhecatchesacold,itisbecauseofagerm.Lucasisrelyingon_____to understandhowcoldshappen. a.anexistentialperspective b.confirmationbias c.culturalknowledge d.thescientificmethod 26.Theconceptofadaptationismostcentralforwhichinfluentialperspectiveincontemporarysocial

psychology? a.theexistentialperspective b.theevolutionaryperspective c.theneuroscienceperspective d.theculturalperspective 27.Poweranalysisisusedto:

a.defineindependentanddependentvariables. b.establishinternalvalidity. c.establishexternalvalidity. d.determineappropriatesamplesize.

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Chap01_3e 28.Whatisthedefinitionofculturalknowledge?

a.astoreofinformationaccumulatedinaculture,abouthowtheworldworks b.ourunderstandingofagivencultureusingthescientificmethod c.thewayinwhichpeopleunderstandthemselvesthroughcomparisonwithothers d.people'sconsistentpreferencesandwaysofthinkingthatareconsistentacrosssituationsandtime 29.Ifinanexperimenttheindependentvariableisinfactamanipulationofwhatwasintendedandthedependent

variableisinfactameasureofwhatwasintended,thentheexperimentcanbesaidtobehighin: a.constructvalidity. b.externalvalidity. c.significance. d.practicalvalue. 30.ResearchdemonstratesthatwhenBlackandWhitestudentsareremindedoftheirrace(ornot)beforetaking

atest,Blackstudents,butnotWhitestudents,showloweredperformanceintheconditionwheretheyare remindedoftheirrace.Thisresultshows: a.ageneraleffectofraceontestperformance. b.ageneraleffectoftheextenttowhichpeoplearethinkingabouttheirraceontestperformance. c.aninteractionbetweentheraceofparticipantandtheextenttowhichpeoplearethinkingabouttheir racebeforeatest. d.acorrelationbetweenracialidentityandtheextenttowhichoneisthinkingabouttheirracepriortoa test. 31.Tayloriswritinghisdoctoraldissertationontherelationshipbetweenmusicalandmathematicalability.Todo

so,heanalyzesalargenumberofpreviouslyconductedstudies,inordertounderstandthenatureofthis relationship.WhatisTaylorconducting? a.poweranalysis. b.meta-analysis. c.directreplication. d.conceptualreplication. 32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingthefindingthatthereisanegativecorrelationamong

stigmatizedgroupmembersbetweenstigmaconsciousnessandGPA? a.ItallowsustoconcludethatstigmaconsciousnessandGPAarecompletelyunrelatedvariables. b.Itisconsistentwithahypothesisthatcanbederivedfromthetheoryofstereotypethreat. c.Itstronglysuggeststhataperson'slevelofstigmaconsciousnesscausallydeterminestheirGPA. d.Itsuggeststhatifweknowaperson'slevelofstigmaconsciousness,wecanpredictwithnear-perfect accuracywhattheirGPAwillbe.

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Chap01_3e 33.Researchersfindthatattendanceathorrormoviesisassociatedwithneuroticism.Theyconcludethat

attendinghorrormoviescausespeopletobemoreneurotic.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOT describeaproblemwiththeirclaim? a.It'spossiblethatinsteadneuroticpeoplelikehorrormoviesmorethanotherpeopledo. b.It'spossiblethatwatchinghorrorfilmsremindspeopleoftheirreal-lifeproblems,andthisinturn makesthemmoreneurotic. c.Peoplewhoarelonelymaybebothmoreneuroticandmorelikelytoattendhorrormovies. d.Horrormoviesmaybemarketedinwaysdesignedtobemoreappealingforneuroticindividuals, causingthemtoattendsuchmoviesatahigherrate. 34.Aresearcherbelievesthatreceivingaself-esteemthreatwillmakeparticipantsmoredepressed.She

conductsastudyinwhichparticipantsarerandomlyassignedtoreceivenegativefeedbackonapersonality test,andshethenmeasurestheirlevelofdepression.Shetellsparticipantsthatthestudyisaboutvalidationof personalitymeasures.Inthisexample,validationofpersonalitymeasuresis: a.anoperationaldefinition. b.acoverstory. c.aconceptualvariable. d.internalvalidity. 35.Morganbelievesthathermomisignoringherbecauseofarecentargumentoverhercurfew,eventhoughher

momsaysthatsheisfine.Morganismakinga: a.randomassignment. b.causalattribution. c.thirdvariableassumption. d.socialcomparison. 36.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

a.Correlationimpliescausation. b.Correlationmeansthatthereisnocausalrelationship. c.Correlationmayindicatecausation,butfurtherresearchisneededtomakethatclaim. d.Wecanonlyunderstandcorrelation,butnotcausation. 37.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

a.Somehypothesescanbeeffectivelytestedusingacorrelationalapproach. b.Acorrelationbetweentwovariablesmaybeprimarilydrivenbyathirdvariablethatisassociatedwith both. c.Correlationdoesnotimplycausation. d.Twovariablesdonotneedtobecorrelatedwitheachotherforonetohaveacausalinfluenceonthe other.

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Chap01_3e 38.Theearliesttreatmentsofsocialpsychology(suchasthetheoriesofSpencerandMcDougall)tendedto

emphasize: a.aviewofhumansasdrivenbyunconsciousmotivation. b.aninstinct-basedviewofhumanbehavior. c.aviewofhumansasmachinelikeinformationprocessors. d.areinforcement-centeredviewofhumansaslearningfromexperience. 39.Dr.Risreplicatingastudyonstereotypethreat.Dr.RrepeatsthemethodsandproceduresusedinDr.

Steele'soriginalstudy.Dr.Risengagingin: a.conceptualreplication. b.meta-analysis. c.indirectreplication. d.directreplication. 40.Aresearcherfindsthatself-esteemispositivelycorrelatedwithacademicperformance.Whatcanthe

researcherconcludefromthisfactaboutthecausalrelationshipbetweenthesevariables? a.Highself-esteemcausespeopletoperformbetteracademically. b.Peoplewhoperformbetteracademicallyhavehigherself-esteemasaresult. c.Highself-esteemandacademicperformancebothhavecausalinfluenceoneachother. d.Itisimpossibletoconcludeanythingaboutthecausalrelationshipbetweenthesevariablesbasedon thegivendata. 41.Inanexperiment,themeasuredvariableisalsoknownasthe_____variable.

a.independent b.dependent c.extraneous d.confounding 42.Randomassignmentreferstoaprocedurethroughwhich:

a.participantsareassignedtoexperimentalconditionsinsuchawaythattheyhaveanequalchanceof beinginanycondition. b.participantsarerecruitedfromabroaderpopulationsuchthatanymemberofthepopulationhasan equalchanceofbeinginthestudy. c.participantsarekeptunawareofthepurposeofthestudyuntiltheyaresuddenlymadeawareofit aftertheindependentvariablehasbeenadministered. d.quasi-experimentscanbemadetoapproximatetrueexperiments.

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Chap01_3e 43.Jacobisamaleblue-collarworkerattendingagrouptherapysession.Heknowsthatpeoplefromhis

backgroundarethoughtofasnotbeingintouchwiththeirfeelingsandhavingquicktempers.Duringthe session,heworriesabouthowhewillappear,andheendsupgettingangryandlosinghistemperasaresult ofthisanxiety.Jacob'scaseisanexampleof: a.acognitivemiser. b.stereotypethreat. c.demandcharacteristics. d.confirmationbias. 44.Thethirdvariableproblemreferstothefactthat:

a.experimentsallowresearcherstoassessrelationshipsbetweenindependentvariables,dependent variables,andthirdvariables. b.almostallphenomenainsocialpsychologyaredrivenbytheinteractionbetweenthreeidentifiable variables. c.acorrelationbetweentwovariablesmaybedrivenbytheirmutualassociationwithanothervariable. d.researchersinsocialpsychologytendtostatisticallyinvestigatetherelationshipsbetweenonlythree variablesatatime. 45.Whatphenomenawerebehavioristsprimarilyinterestedinmeasuring?

a.mentalstates b.observablebehaviors c.neurologicalreflexes d.unconsciousdrives 46.Agroupofsocialpsychologistsfoundthatmakingpeopleperformadifficulttaskinashortperiodoftime

leadsthemtorecalllessinformationaboutthetaskafterthefact.Theresearchersconcludethatstress impairsmemory.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsaconceptualreplicationofthisfinding? a.anidenticalstudyaswasfirstconducted b.astudythatisverysimilartotheoriginalstudy,excepttheindependentvariableischangedfromthe difficulttasktoaneasytask c.astudythatisverysimilartotheoriginalstudy,exceptthedependentvariableischangedfrom memorytomood d.astudythatsubstitutesthedifficulttaskforadifferentstressfulone 47.Whichtheorysuggeststhatpeoplearelikeintuitivescientists,usingreasoningandobservationtounderstand

thenatureofthesocialworld? a.socialcognitiontheory b.socialcomparisontheory c.behaviorism d.attributiontheory Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap01_3e 48.Aspecific,concretemethodofmeasuringormanipulatingaconceptualvariableisreferredtoasa(n):

a.operationaldefinition. b.independentvariable. c.dependentvariable. d.correlationcoefficient. 49.Inscience,_____arethecontentoftheobservationsthathavebeenmadeandreplicatedbyscientists,while

_____aretheexplanationsgivenbyscientistsforthatcontent. a.studies;hypotheses b.hypotheses;studies c.facts;theories d.theories;facts 50.Theprocesswherebyscientistsobserveevents,lookforpatterns,andevaluatetheoriesproposedtoexp...