Solved MCQ of Biostatistics final PDF

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1 M.C’s of Biostatistics Compiled By Dileep Kumar (Post R BSN, Dip: CHN, D.I (MSc)) Nursing Instructor, Ilmiya Institute of Nursing, Karachi ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. The mean of the data a, a, a, a will be a. Zero b. a c. 2 d. none of the above 2. The mean of the square deviation abo...

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M.C.Q’s of Biostatistics Compiled By

Dileep Kumar (Post R.N BSN, Dip: CHN, D.I.T (MSc.N)) Nursing Instructor, Ilmiya Institute of Nursing, Karachi ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. The mean of the data a, a, a, a will be

a. Zero b. a

c. 2 d. none of the above

2. The mean of the square deviation about mean is known as; a. Mean c. Variance b. Median d. Standard deviation 3. If sum of 20 values is 300 then mean of the data is; c. 30 a. 15 b. 20 d. 300 4. If we add or subtract any value in the original any value in the original data then this process is known as;

a. Change of scale b. Change of origin

c. Both a and b d. None of the above

5. The mean of the 10 values is 20, if we add a value 10 in each observation then mean for the new value will be ;

a. 20 b. 0

c. 30 d. 10

6. When two coins are tossed together then probability of getting no tail is; a. 0 c. ¼ b. ½ d. 1 7. The mean value or central value or average value of a data are; a. All same value c. None of these b. All different value d. Always negative 8. When “n” is an odd number then median is defined as; c. Sum of the values a. Middle value b. Median of two middle values d. Most repeated value 9. For a group data the class interval having maximum frequency is known as a. Median class c. Median b. Mode d. Model class 10. The sum of the deviation about mean for the data 6, 8, 10, 2, and 4 is always; a. 1 c. Negative d. 30 b. 0 11. If the calculated value of chi-squire lies in the region of acceptance, then we; c. No conclusion a. Accept Ho d. None of the above b. Reject Ho 12. Chi-square test is always used to test; a. Population mean c. Test of association b. Population median d. None of these

Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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13. Pulse rate or weight of patient are known as; a. Nominal data c. Discrete data d. Random variable b. Continuous data 14. Classification of objects or persons into classes or groups in such a way that only one object or person falls in only one group at a time is called as;

a. Mutually exclusive b. None Mutually exclusive

c. Dependent d. Independent

15. In testing hypothesis we use different level of significance to test Ho , in most situations level of significance is not given then we have to use;

a. 1 % b. 2 %

c. 5% d. 10%

16. If we want to compare two or more groups then we use coefficient of variation (C.V), the group which has maximum C.V is known as the more;

a. Consistent b. Not consistent

c. None of the above d. It is not possible

17. When we make a 95% confidence interval for the population mean using t or z test then probability or chance of error will be;

a. 0.05 b. 0.1

c. 1 d. 5

18. A variable which has some chance or probability of its occurrence is known as; a. Simple variable c. Quantitative variable b. Qualitative variable d. Random variable 19. The sample mean x is known as the point estimator of the population; a. Median c. Variance b. Mode d. Mean µ 20. In all research analysis it is not possible to study whole population, we always estimate population parameters on the basis of;

a. Population information b. Sample information

c. We could not estimate parameters d. Estimation of samples

21. Sampling is the process of drawing samples from the population, when the chance or probability of each member of the population is equal than such sampling design known as;

a. Simple random sampling b. Not random sampling

c. Judgment sampling d. None of these

22. Estimation is the process of estimating parameters on the basis of; a. Parameters c. A and B b. Statistics d. None of the above 23. If random sample size 4 taken from a population whose variance is 16. When sampling is done with replacement than variance of the sample mean is;

a. 2 b. 16

c. 4 d. 48

24. When the size of samples is increasing then variance of sample means is also; a. Increases c. Constant b. Decreases d. None of the above 25. When two dice and a single coin are tossed together then total sample spaces will be; a. 36 c. 24 b. 14 d. 72 (Rational 6*6*2=72) Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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26. Student t-test is used to test population mean when population variance is always unknown and the sample size is;

a. Less than 30 b. More than 30

c. Any size d. None of them

27. The minimum d.f for the Chi-square test of independence or association is always; a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. N-1 28. If Chi-square test’s calculated value is less than critical value thenH iso always be; a. Accepted and rejected both b. Accepted

c. Rejected d. None of these

29. P-value is the probability of the calculated value, if p-value is zero then we reject theH after o comparing with;

a. Level of significance b. Critical value

c. d.f d. sample size

30. squire root of the mean of squire deviation is known as; a. variance c. SD b. median d. Mean 31. A type of qualitative data where zero is not fixed (arbitrary) termed as; a. Discrete c. Ratio b. Continuous d. Interval 32. A subset of all the measurement of interest is; a. Sample c. Sample unit b. Population d. None of these 33. All of the following are an example of qualitative data except; a. Sex c. Educational level b. Age d. Socioeconomic status 34. All of the following are an example of quantitative data except; a. Gender c. Weight b. Height d. Temperature 35. Mean is the measure of central tendency can be calculated for all of the following except; a. Age c. Systolic BP b. Weight d. Marital status 36. Which one is formula for empirical rule a. µ± 1SD = 60% c. µ± 1SD = 68% b. µ± 1SD = 65% d. µ± 1SD = 70% 37. Following all are true for mean EXCEPT; a. Applicable for continuous data c. Do not affect by extraneous values b. Not applicable for qualitative data d. Affected by each value in data set 38. Fourth step of hypothesis testing is; a. Level of significance c. Rejection region b. Test statistic d. None of these 39. The most frequent occurring observation is a. Mean c. Mode b. Median d. SD

Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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40. When the distribution of data is skewed, one should ideally use; a. Mean c. Mode d. None of these b. Median 41. Sample SD is denoted by; a. S c. b. S2 d.  42. Z-core is calculated for; a. Chi-quire distribution c. T-distribution d. Normal distribution b. Standard normal distribution 43. A hospital claims, its ambulance response time is less than 10 minutes, it can be written as; a. H o >10 min, H A ≤ 10 min

c. H o ≠10 min, H A = 10 min

b. H o ≤10 min, H A > 10 min

d. H o - 10 min, H A / 10 min

44. Chi-quire test of significance is used when; a. Data is continuous c. Data is discrete d. None of these b. Data is categorical 45. In normal distribution curve, mean of the data lie on the a. Right end c. Left end b. Centre d. None of these 46. Parameters of standard normal distribution are; a. Mean c. Range b. SD d. Both a and b 47. Which one the following is true for standard normal distribution; c. Mean = 100 a. Mean = 0 b. Mean = 50 d. Mean = 0.5 48. When mean, median, and mode lie in the centre of the curve, the distribution is known as; a. Right skewed c. Chi-squire b. Left skewed d. Normal 49. In 95% confidence interval, the level of significance (α) is; a. 0.01 c. 0.1 b. 0.05 d. None of these 50. All of the following are true for student t-test except; a. Sample size 30 c. Approximate Z when N>30 d. Use for qualitative data b.  = unknown 51. Which one the formula is used for df in chi-squire distribution; a. (row)(column) c. (row-1)(column-1) b. (row-column) d. (row-1)(column) 52. All of the following are true for measure of dispersion except; a. Mean c. Inter-quartile range b. Range d. Variance 53. What is the relationship between SD and variance; c. Variance = (SD)2 a. Variance = SD d. None of these b. Variance = SD/n

Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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54. First step in calculating median is; a. Calculate range b. Arrange data c. Count the data d. None of these 55. What is true for descriptive statistics; a. Organization & displaying of data b. Drawing inferences for population c. Hypothesis testing d. Calculation p-value 56. The area under normal distribution curve is; a. 1 b. 0.5 c. 0 d. None of these 57. Negative z-score shows that; a. Observation is below to mean b. Observation is above to mean c. Observation is equal to mean d. None of these

SCENARIO (for 58 to 60) A survey was conducted by graduate students to investigate the current situation of student in Pakistan. Some of the variable was Gender, Level of Education, Ethnicity, Place of domicile, Age, Marital status & employee status. Following questions (5860) are related this scenario; 58. Appropriate graph to display marital status (Married, Unmarried, Divorced, widow) is; a. Frequency polygon b. Scatter plot c. Pie chart d. Histogram 59. Level of education is; a. Nominal data b. Ordinal data c. Discrete data d. None of these 60. The best way to display Age data is to draw; a. b. c. d.

Histogram Bar chart Both a & b None of these

Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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61. The sum of the absolute deviation about mean for the values: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 is always: a. Not equal to zero c. 10 b. 2 d. Not possible. 62. The mean of a data is defined as: a. The sum of the values is multiplied by the numbers of the values b. The sum of the values divided by the numbers of the values c. Divide every value by a constant number. d. The square of values is divided by the numbers of the values. 63. The mean, median and mode the given values: 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, are a. Mean=42, median=44, mode=46 c. The same value b. 12 d. 0 64. When we add or subtract any constant values in the original values then, it is known as: a. Deviation about mean c. Change of scale. b. Change of origin. d. Mean deviation 65. The square root of the mean of the square deviation about mean is known as: a. The variance c. Central value. b. Standard deviation d. The average value. 66. When p-value is less than α (level of significance) then we: ---------------(b) accept H o (a) Reject H o (c)

None of these

(d)

Reject H A

67. The probability of any event is defined as the number of the favorable events divided by the number of the sample space. Sample space is defined as:

a. b. c. d.

Even number of out comes. Odd number of out comes. All possible out comes of an Experiment. None of all these.

68. A portion of the population selected for study is referred to as: c. Hypothesis. a. a sample b. parameter . d. Random variable. 69. A major purpose of doing research is to infer, or generalize, from a sample to a larger population this method is known as:

a. Sampling Design b. Measures of dispersion.

c. Probability. d. Testing of hypothesis.

70. Some characteristics are not capable of being measured in the sense that height, weight, and age are measured. These characteristics are categorized only, as for example, when an ill person is given a medical diagnosis, or a person is designated as belonging to an ethnic group. These variables are called:

a. b. c. d.

Qualitative (categorical) variables Random variable

a. b. c. d.

100

Quantitative variable

Not possible. 71. If we have the values x1 = 80, x2 = 90, x3 = 100, x 4 = 110, x 5 =120.the mean of the data is: 0 90 120 Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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72. The variance for the given values is: xi

(xi - )2

82

4

95

121

67

289

92

64 X   =

(a) (c)

0 10

(b) (d)

64 218.5

73. The coefficient of variation is a useful measure of relative spread in data and is used frequently in the biologic sciences. It is defined as the standard deviation divided by the mean times 100%. It produces a measure of relative variation-variation that is relative to the size of the mean. The formula is: (a) (c)

Median * Mode Mean Variance

S .d * mean S .d *100 mean

(b) (d)

74. The sum of the absolute deviation about mean is always: a. Positive. c. Zero and negative both at a time b. Negative d. Zero 75. If we add or subtract any constant value in the original data, this process is known as change of origin and similarly if we multiply or divide the original data by any constant then it is known as change of scale. The mean of the original observations is 10, if we add a constant 5 in each observation then mean will be:

a. 0 b. Same as 10

c. 15 d. 5

76. Which of the measures of variability is NOT dependent on the exact values of every measurement? a. Mean deviation c. Range b. Variance d. Standard deviation 77. The standard deviation divided by the mean of the measurements equals is known as: a.  c.  2 b. The coefficient of variation d. zero 78. Z-test is always used to test the population mean whether population variance is known or unknown when sample size n should be :----------------

a. less than 30 b. equal or greater than 30

c. no condition d. none of these

79. Using the given information’s

The group is consistent. (a) A (c) A & B both.

Groups

Mean

S.D

C.V

A

80

12

15

B

120

15

12.5

(b) (d)

B Both are not consistent. Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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80.

The mean of the absolute deviation about mean is known as:

a. variance b. Standard deviation.

c. Mean deviation about mean. d. Mean.

81. All possible out comes of an experiment is known as sample space. When a coin is tossed 3 times then total sample space is a. 0

c. 8 d. 10

b. 6 82.

Two events A and B are said to be mutually exclusive events if and only if: a. Both occur at a time. c. Neither of them occurs

b. only one occurs

d. none of them

83. The probability of any event is defined as the number of the favorable events divided by the sample space.

a. b. c. d. 84. l 

The sum of the probabilities should be equal to one. The probability of any event lies between -1 and +1. The probability of any event can’t be negative. The probability lies between 0 and 1.

(fm  f1 ) * h  is the formula for ---------- for grouped data. 2fm  f1  f2

a. Mean b. Median

c. Range d. Mode

85. The minimum size of a Contingency table is : --------------a. 1×1 c. 10×10 d. No minimum size b. 2×2 86. t-test is always used to test the population mean whether population variance is known or

unknown

when sample size n should be :----------------

a. less than 30 b. equal or greater than 30

c. no condition d. none of these

87. In a contingency table with 4 rows and 6 columns then degree of freedom is c. 4 a. 15 b. 24 d. 6 88. The critical value for the Chi-square test with 2 degree of freedom at 5% level of significance is; a. 2 c. 0 b. 5.991 d. -2.4 89. The ANOVA method is used to test the equality of more then two population means at a time the test statistic is used in this method is known as:-----------

a. t-test b. chi-square test

c. F-test d. z-test

90. In testing of hypothesis in order to test the equality of more than two population means at a time the ------------------- method is used.

a. b. c. d.

Analysis of variance student t-test Chi-square test none of these

Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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91. Random Sampling or Probability sampling includes all the following techniques, except: a. Simple random sampling c. Cluster sampling b. Stratified random Sampling d. Purposive Sampling 92. Gender, age-class, religion, type of disease, and blood group are measured on; a. Nominal Scale c. Interval Scale b. Ordinal Scale d. Ratio Scale 93. Which scale of measurement has an absolute zero? a. Nominal c. Interval b. Ordinal d. Ratio 94. The variable which is influenced by the intervention of the researcher is called: a. Independent c. Discrete b. Dependent d. Extraneous 95. The statistical approach which helps the investigator to decide whether the outcome of the study is a result of factors planned within design of the study or determined by chance is called:

a. Descriptive statistics b. Inferential statistics

c. Normal distribution d. Standard deviation

96. Which of the following methods is a form of graphical presentation of data? a. Line Diagram c. Bar diagram b. Pie diagram d. Histogram 97. All the following are measures of central tendency, except: a. Mean c. Mode b. Median d. Variance 98. A measure of central tendency influenced by extreme scores & skewed distributions is; a. Mean c. Mode b. Median d. Range 99. A measure of central tendency in which is calculated by number arranging in numerical order is: a. Standard deviation c. Median b. Range d. Mode 100. The proportion of observations fall above the median is: a. 68% c. 75% b. 50% d. 95% 101. The indices used to measure variation or dispersion among scores are all, except: a. Range c. Standard deviation b. Variance d. Mean 102. A measure of dispersion of a set of observations in which it is calculated by the difference between the highest and lowest values produced is called:

a. Standard deviation b. Variance 103.

A statistic which describes the interval of scores bounded by the 25th and 75th percentile ranks is:

a. Inter-quartile range b. Confidence Interval 104.

c. Range d. Mode c. Standard deviation d. Variance

The Median value is the:

a. 25th percentile b. 50th percentile

c. 75th percentile d. 95th percentile

Compiled By: Dileep Kumar, N/Instructor, I.I.N

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105.

Large standard deviations suggest that:

a. b. c. d. 106.

Scores are probably widely scattered. There is very little deference among scores. mean, median and mode are the same

The scores not normally distributed. The formula given below is computational formula for:

a. Variance b. Mean 107.

c. Standard deviation d. t-statistic

The squire of the standard deviation is the:

a. Variance. b. Standard error 108.

Which is NOT a characteristic of normal distribution?

a. Symmetric b. Bell-shaped 109.

of the asymmetry of the probability distribution which decides whether the distribution may have high or low variance of central tendency None of the above

The listed observations- 1,2,3,4,100, suggest the distribution:

a. is positively skewed b. is negatively skewed 111.

68 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation sigma of the mean. 95 percent of observation falls within 2 standard deviations. 99.7 percent of observations fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

A measure used to standardize the central tendency away from the mean across different samples is: a. skewness c. Z-score

b. Range 113....