Speech AND Theater ARTS PDF

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SpeechandTheater ArtsMODULEEL109: SPEECH AND THEATER ARTSCOURSE DESCRIPTIONThis course intended the students to learn the theory and practice of speech communication in order to develop proficiency in various interpersonal speaking situations such as private and public speaking. Also, it will enable...

Description

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SPEECH AND THEATER ARTS

Speech and Theater Arts

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SPEECH AND THEATER ARTS

EL109: SPEECH AND THEATER ARTS

COURSE DESCRIPTION This course intended the students to learn the theory and practice of speech communication in order to develop proficiency in various interpersonal speaking situations such as private and public speaking. Also, it will enable the students to develop their acting skills with emphasis on the development of the voice, articulation, and pronunciation of theater production

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Practice ethics responsibility when working with others.

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Emphasize the need for effective collaborate with others involved in the production process mastering vocabulary in all areas of design, directing, acting, and technical communication.

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Master creative thinking through learned skill sets and utilize critical thinking to analyze the work created as necessary for a team production approach.

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Demonstrate understanding of the social and artistic movements that have shaped theatre and dance as we know it today.

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Apply discipline-specific skills to the creation of performance.

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Analyze, and interpret texts and performances both in writing and orally.

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Demonstrate knowledge of theatre and dance history and literature and draw connections between theatrical practices and social contexts in both modern and pre modern periods.

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Practice collaborative skills in various theatrical contexts.

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Develop and apply process skills in rehearsal, production and classroom settings.

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Demonstrate problem-solving skills in the creation of artistic work.

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Demonstrate proficiency in one or more area-specific skills: acting, directing, choreography, design, technical theatre, management, playwriting, or dramaturgy.

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Public Speaking

Objectives: a.) Demonstrate knowledge of public speaking and principles and concepts. b.) Apply knowledge of principles and concepts c.) Imbibe the benefits of public speaking.

Basic Communication Concepts "Communication is the process of sharing meaning through continuous flow of symbolic messages." (Froemling 5) Communicator (Sender/receiver) - the participants in communication. Typically the roles reverse regularly. Message - a single uninterrupted utterance. Verbal or nonverbal Code - a system suitable for creating/carrying messages through a specific medium  encode (put into code) and  decode (take out of code) Channels (verbal, nonverbal, etc.) - the specific mechanism (“pipeline”) used to transmit the message Medium (face-to-face, television, web, phone, etc.) - form or technology of transmission — determines kind of code used. Noise - interference with message — external (physical), internal (mental) or semantic (misunderstanding/reaction Environment (part of context) - that which surrounds and provides a basis for the meaning of a message:  Physical (surroundings)  Temporal (point in time)  Relational (the existing relationship between communicators - friends, strangers, etc.)  Cultural (language and behavior community the communicator(s) come from)

Feedback - checks effects of messages Page 4

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positive feedback - "keep doing what you’re doing" negative feedback - change what you’re doing.

Levels (contexts) of Communication

For more knowledge about the Basic Concept of Communication please check the link provided;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DHeRk4cwtY

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CHAPTER 1: TOPIC: BASIC COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read the given statements carefully, and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. In the study of communication, noise is best defined as? a. people interrupting someone who is thinking b. anything that interferes with the message being heard or understood c. thoughts that distract the listener d. discussing things that are off the main topic 2. Folding your arms in front of you makes it seem as if you are? a. warm and friendly b. very angry c. distant and unwilling to talk 3. If someone does not understand what a speaker is saying, he or she should? a. ignore that part of the conversation b. try to figure it out on his or her own c. ask other people what they think the speaker means d. ask the speaker questions for clarification 4. When listening to instructions, the best way for listeners to make sure they get all the information is to? a. take notes and compare them with co-workers' notes b. read a book about the topic later on c. ask questions, but wait until the person has stopped talking d. take notes, ask questions, and repeat a summary of the instructions 5. An important attribute of an effective speaker is the ability to ? a. inject humor on the job site with practical jokes b. explain and simplify complex topics c. conduct multiple conversations with workers d. make others feel too inferior to speak openly 6. Common documents that construction professionals need to read on the job site include a. construction drawings, code books, and installation manuals b. legal briefs, permits, and subpoenas c. contracts, warrants, and encyclopedias d. literary reviews, argumentation papers, and essays

7. Special features in books that help readers locate information include Page 6

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a. drawings and photographs b. dictionaries and encyclopedias c. tables of content, indexes, and glossaries d. safety related cautions and warnings 8. When reading instructions or a series of steps, one should a. read only the steps that he or she doesn't know b. perform the steps if he or she doesn't understand them c. read the directions completely d. skim the directions quickly 9. The rough draft of a document you are writing should a. follow an outline and incorporate your research b. be as close to perfect as possible c. be complete before any research has been done d. be complete before an outline has been created 10. What is an important practice in writing to avoid errors that can cost time and money? a. Handwriting any document before using a computer b. always writing in the first person c. Proofreading the work for accuracy d. writing at a high reading grade level

Communication Universals 1. You cannot not communicate Page 7

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2. All Communication has content and relationship dimensions  Content - Literal meaning, information  Relationship - defines the relationship between sender and receiver.  Features of relationship that get defined in message exchanges include: - Liking - Responsiveness (intensity), - Control - Trust 3. Communication is a series of punctuated events 4. Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable. 5. Communication is culture-specific. Communication Models Aristotle Model of Communication Aristotle was the first to take an initiative and design the communication model.

In this model, the speaker plays a key role in communication. He is the one who takes complete charge of the communication. The sender first prepares a content which he does by carefully putting his thoughts in words with an objective of influencing the listeners or the recipients, who would then respond in the sender’s desired way. No points in guessing that the content has to be very impressive in this model for the audience or the receivers to get convinced. The model says that the speaker communicates in such a way that the listeners get influenced and responds accordingly. Scenario: One will definitely purchase the mobile handset from that store where the sales man gives an impressive demo of the mobile. It depends on the sales man what to speak and how to speak in a manner to influence the listeners so that they respond to him in a way he actually wants i.e. purchase the handset and increase his billing.

Berlo’s Model of Communication Page 8

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Berlo’s model of communication takes into account the emotional aspect of the message. Berlo’s model of communication operates on the SMCR model. In the SMCR model  

S - Stands for Source M - Message

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C - Channel

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R – Receiver

S - Source The source in other words also called the sender is the one from whom the thought originates. He is the one who transfers the information to the receiver after carefully putting his thoughts into words.  

Communication Skills- An individual must possess excellent communication skills to make his communication effective and create an impact among the listeners. Attitude- It is rightly said that if one has the right attitude, the whole world is at his feet. There is actually no stopping for the person if he has the right attitude.

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Knowledge- Here knowledge is not related to the educational qualification of the speaker or the number of degrees he has in his portfolio.

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Social System- The displeasure of the listeners was simply because the speaker ignored the social set up of the place where he was communicating. He forgot the sentiments, cultural beliefs, religious feelings of the second party.

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Culture- Culture refers to the cultural background of the community or the listeners where the speaker is communicating or delivering his speech.

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M – Message When an individual converts his thoughts into words, a message is created. The process is also called as Encoding. Any message further comprises of the following elements:  

Content- Content is actually the matter or the script of the conversation. It is in simpler words, the backbone of any communication. Element- The speech must be coupled with lots of hand movements, gestures, postures, facial expressions, body movements to capture the attention of the listeners and make the speech impressive.

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Treatment- Treatment is actually the way one treats his message and is conveys to the listeners. One must understand how to present his message so that the message is conveyed in the most accurate form.

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Structure- A message cannot be expressed in one go. It has to be properly structured in order to convey the message in the most desired form.

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Code- Your body movements, your language, your expressions, your gestures are actually the codes of the message and have to be accurate otherwise the message gets distorted and the recipient will never be able to decode the correct information.

C - Channel All the five senses are the channels which help human beings to communicate with each other. R – Receiver When the message reaches the receiver, he tries to understand what the listener actually wants to convey and then responds accordingly. This is also called as decoding. The receiver should be on the same platform as the speaker for smooth flow of information and better understanding of the message. He should possess good communication skills to understand what the speaker is trying to convey. He should have the right attitude to understand the message in a positive way. His knowledge should also be at par with the listener and must know about the subject. He should also be from the same social and cultural background just like the speaker.

For more knowledge about the Berlo’s Model of Communication please check the link provided;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHGMNV95NkQ

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Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication Shannon and Weaver model is the most popular model of communication and is widely accepted all over the world.

Shannon and weaver model simply proposes that a message actually originates from the person who gets the thought or has the information. The sender is also called the Source of information or the Information Source. The information then gets transmitted from the brain to the mouth and comes out as a signal which then reaches the recipient after joining hands with several noises and other disturbances. The recipient then further passes on the message to its final destination or other minds of other individuals. Scenario: Peter is working as Vice president - Marketing with a reputed multinational firm. He is currently heading Mike who in turn is taking care of a small team. Peter wanted Mike to prepare an exhaustive report on marketing strategies which can be employed to achieve the goals of the organization. He also wanted a detailed study on the competitor’s activity by end of the day. While he was speaking, the company peon interrupted to take the lunch order. Finally when Mike got the complete information, he in turn delegated the responsibility to his team members. He tried his level best to convey what Peter actually expected his team to prepare. At the end of the day, the team did prepare the report and submitted to Peter but there were few errors which they rectified later on.

For more knowledge about the Shanon and Weaver Model please check the link provided;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY1JsGFZprc

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Schramm’s Model of Communication He emphasizes that the communication is incomplete unless and until the sender receives a feedback from the recipient. Schramm believed that communication is actually a two way process between the first party and the second party.

M - Stands for message Schramm believed that an individual’s knowledge, experience and cultural background also play an important role in communication. Individuals from diverse cultures, religion or background tend to interpret the message in different ways.

Scenario: Billy to Servant - “Please bring something hot for me to drink as I am suffering from sore throat.” The servant brought him a glass of lukewarm water but Billy actually wanted a cup of hot chocolate coffee. Hence different interpretation by the servant. He was not on the common grounds with Billy and failed to understand his master’s information. It was neither Billy’s nor the servant’s fault but actually the differences in both their backgrounds which was to blame. To conclude according to this model of communication when a sender passes on the information to the receiver, the receiver must interpret it in the desired form the sender wants and give him the feedback or respond accordingly. Any communication where the sender does not get the feedback, the communication is not complete and thus ineffective.

For more knowledge about the Schrarrm’s Model of Communication please check the link provided;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABFHQ1Am04M Page 12

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Helical Model of Communication The Helical Model of communication was proposed by Frank Dance in 1967 to throw some more light on communication process. Dance thought of communication process similar to helix.

What is a helix ? A Helix is nothing but a smooth curve just like a spring which if goes upwards also comes downwards. The Helical model of communication was designed by Frank Dance keeping the simple Helix in mind. According to the Helical model of communication, the process of communication evolves from the very birth of an individual and continues till the existing moment. All living entities start communicating from the very first day of their origin. When seeds are planted, they convey the message to the gardener that they need to be watered daily and should be treated well with fertilizers and manure. When a plant emerges from the seed it also starts communicating its need for water, sunlight, manure and fertilizers, thus supporting the Helical model of communication. The same also applies for animals, birds, fishes and all living creatures. Scenario 1: The way the child is communicating to his parents that he is alive, absolutely hale and hearty and ready to face the challenges of the world. As the child grows up, he cries whenever he is hungry or expects something from his parents and sometimes simply for his parent’s attention. It is again a child’s own way of conveying his message to the whole world. When the same child grows up and starts going to school, he soon interacts with his parents, teachers, friends in the form of words. Now crying actually gets replaced by words or his speech but one thing which is common is the process of communication which existed since the child’s birth. Page 13

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Scenario 2: An individual in his elementary classes learns to pronounce a particular word or react to a particular situation. It has been observed that even though the child grows up, he continues to pronounce that particular word in the same way as he did during his growing up days or for that matter, if the same situation arises again he would under all circumstances react in the same way as he did in the past. The fear of the child when suddenly the light goes off at night resulting in a complete blackout is present in his younger days as well as when he grows up. Child (Day 1) communication evolves ↓ Communication continues ↓↑ (Communication depends on past activities) ↓ (Current day) communication continues with modifications The above example again makes the Helical model of communication clear. According to the Helical model as the process of communication moves forward it also comes back and is largely dependant on the past behaviour of the individual. The model believes that communication process is just like a helix which moves forward as well as comes backward and is dependent on the behaviour patterns of the past definitely with some modifications and changes. As the child grows up, he does make slight changes in his past body movements or past pronunciation or facial expressions. He makes certain changes, modifications in his communication and tries to get rid of the communication errors. An individual will definitely get less nervous in his teenage days as compared to his childhood days, thus a slight change in his behaviour. The Helical model of communication understands communication in a broader perspective and considers almost all the activities of an individual from day one to till date. It cumulates all the activities occurring in the complete span of an individual that affects the process of communication, which in turn goes forward and also depends on the past activities.

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check

the

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05FMqwe70Ws Page 14

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CHAPTER 1: TOPIC: BASIC COMMUNICATION MODELS MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read the given statements carefully, and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. When you are the public speaker, the principle of ethos refers to _____. a. your credibility b. your emotional appeal to the people c. the logic of your presentation d. your appearance 2. In the speaker-focused model of speaker-message-event-audience-effect, which of the following would represent an effect? a. The audience l...