Substance Abuse.Concept Map PDF

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Summary

Concept Map...

Description

ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS

ABUSED SUBSTANCE DESCRIPTION Central Nervous System depressants are drugs that slow down brain activity. They operate by affecting the neurotransmitter, which leads to the side effects of drowsiness, relaxation and increased inhibition. CNS depressants treat insomnia, anxiety, stress, panic attacks, pain and seizures. Sedatives, Hypnotics and Tranquilizers are among the different types of major CNS depressants.

-Taking more than prescribed amount -Mixing medication with alcohol -Non-prescription use -Street drugs -Addictive drugs

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF WITHDRAWAL

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF ABUSE SUBSTANCE ABUSED

-Ataxic gait (abnormal/ uncoordinated movements) -Decreased respirations -Memory loss

-Slurred speech

DEPRESSANTS

-Reduced hunger or thirst

-Nausea and vomiting

-Insomnia

-Hallucinations

-Restlessness

-Seizures

-Shaking

-Panic Attacks

-Irritability

-Anxiety

-Pinpoint (small) pupils

-Respiratory depression -Sense of having heaviness in extremities

DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTIC TESTS / LABS) -Diagnosing a person with substance abuse requires thorough evaluations done by psychiatrists, psychologists and drug counselors. A 10-panel drug test detects barbiturates, benzodiazepines, methaqualone, methadone and propoxyphene. Comprehensive tests are done on patients that suffer from both a mental and substance abuse disorder because they exhibit severe symptoms and may be resistant to treatment. They must be monitored in order to differentiate withdrawal symptoms and substance intoxication.

TREATMENT -Medically supervised detoxification

MEDICATIONS

PATIENT PROBLEM / PATIENT PROBLEM NURSING INTERVENTIONS NURSING INTERVENTION

-Naltrexone (opioid abuse)

-Ineffective individual coping

-Imbalanced Nutrition

-Methadone

-Nursing Interventions:

-Nursing Interventions:

-Buprenorphine

-Encourage verbalization of feelings and fears

-Review lab studies (glucose, serum albumin and prealbumin) to identify any anemias or electrolyte imbalances

-Drug craving management -Recovery and life skills education

-Lofexidine

-Outpatient programs, support groups, meetings and classes

-Opioid agonists relieve withdrawal symptoms and cravings

-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy -Help patient avoid relapse

-Set up diversion activities relating to recovery; self-help groups help patient learn and promote abstinent mentality -Determine patient’s understanding of current situation (degree of acceptance/ denial)

-Consult with a dietician -Provide patient with opportunity to choose their own foods -Provide positive reinforcement, acknowledge their efforts...