Summary Elizabeth I - By C. Haigh PDF

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By C Haigh...

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C.Hai gh–El i zabet h

 El i zabet hont het hrone 

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Re i gno fEl i z abe t h“ f oundedupo ni l l us i o ns ”–i de asandmyt hsi npr o paganda whi c hc apt i v at e dc o ur t i e r sands e duc e dt hepeo pl e o Myt ht hats hei nher i t e ddi s as t e randc hao s o Myt ht hats hewasbr e aki ngawayf r o mt hepas tandt her ul eo f pr e de c e s s o r s o Myt ht hats hei naugur at edagol denageo fnat i o nalhar mony Ne w go ver nme ntt odi s t anc ef r o mt hepas t o Di s mi s s e dt wo t hi r dso fMar yCo unc i landr e pl ac e dt he m wi t hc l os e s e r vant sandadvi s er s( Cec i l ,Wal s i ngham,Bac o n,Par r y) o Advi s o r s=Pr o t es t antands har e di de ol o gy–manys er v edunde rEdwar d VI=r e j e c t i o no fMar y’ sCat ho l i cmi ni s t e r s o BUTs omeo fMar y’ ss t a ye do n( Wi nc he s t er ,Mas o ne t c . )–no te nt i r e l y ho mo geno uswi t hPr o t e s t antmi ni s t e r s ;t ho ughr e fle c t i v eo fhe rr e l i gi o us t ol er anc e Want e dt odi s s o c i at ehe r s e l ff r o m Mar y’ sr e gi me o Pr o bl emsunderhe rr e i gnbl ame do nhe rs e x Fac e dc r i t i c i s m duet ohe rgender o See naswe akandi ne ffec t i veatt hes t ar to fhe rr e i gn o Whe nt hi ngswe ntwr ong–s e xbl ame d:f or e i gnambas s ado r sbl ame dt he de l a ysandi nc o ns i s t e nc yo nt hei ne pt i t udeoft heque en o Co nt r adi c t i o nbe t we e nt her o l e so fwome nando fmo nar c hs :o nes ho ul d r ul eandt heo t hers ho ul do be y o Us e dge nde rt ohe radvant age:r he t or i candr o l epl aybys ayi ngs hewas “ we ak”andwaswant i ng“ bo t hwi tandme mor y” o BUTo v er r o det he m bys t r e s s i nghers pe c i alpo we r so v ermo s twome n– e mphas i z e dt he i rf r ai l t ybutt o l dpeo pl es hewass pe c i albe c aus es hewas t hei ns t r ume ntofGod Ne edf orahus band o Phi l i pI Io fSpai no ffer e dhi ms e l f o Manyhi s t o r i anst hi nkt hatpr es s ur ef o rhus bandwass ot hathec o ul d be c o meki ng–BUTunl i ke l y–mi ni s t ert o oc l os e ,l o yalt oEandwo ul dgai n no t hi ngf r o m aki ng o Pet i t i o nbyCommo ns–be l i e ft hati twasi ndi s pe ns abl et hats hemar r i e d f o rt hes akeoft her e al m o Ear l s–l avi s hgi f t sandbr i be st os er vant s& c hamber mai dst oper s uade t heque en o Offer e dhe r s e l ft ot hehi ghe s tdi pl omat i cbi dder–butnoo nec o ul daffo r d t hepr i c e Ne ve rmar r i e d o “ Que en’ smar r i agehadbe c omehe rc ho s e nwe apo ni ndi pl o mat i ci nt r i gue ” –keptt hec ur i o s i t yf o r‘ po l i t i c aladvant age ’

o Pr o pagandat oo l–Vi r gi nQue enmar r i e dt ohe rs ubj e c t saf t e rt heDudl e y s c andal o Pr e f e r r edno tamal ec o mpani on–wo ul dber educ e dt ot hepos i t i onfit t i ng f o rawomani nTudo rpe r i o d:“ be ggar wo manands i ngl e ,f arr at he rt han que e nandmar r i e d” o Meantt hate xt r ac aut i o nandl o yal t ywasgi v ent oe ns ur ehers af e t y 

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Dangero fno tmar r yi ngnorbe ar i ngc hi l dr e n o Wi t hnoappoi nt e ds uc c e s s o r ,l i ke l i ne s so fac i vi lwar o At t ac ko fs mal l po xr ai s edf e ar sofc i vi lwar–pe t i t i o nsi nCommo nst o nameanhe i r=t ho ughf e nc es i t t i ng ,andpe o pl evi e wt hatt heQue enwas i r r e s po ns i bl eandc ar e l e s so ft hewe l f ar eo fs ubj e c t s o Whydi dshenotappoi ntone?–f e ar e dt hatt hr o ughappo i nt mentofo ne o ve rano t he r ,c i vi lwaro rdepo s i t i onwo ul dr e s ul t o Je al o us y–s eehe rs ubj e c t sc ho o s et heappo i nt e dhe i rr at he rt hanhe r o SO “ r i s ke di ns t abi l i t yaf t e rhe rde at hf o rt hes akeofs t abi l i t yi nhe ro wn l i f e t i me ” Co ns e que nc e si fs hedi dmar r y o Mar r i agewi t honeno bl emano rki ngwo ul dt r i gge rt heange ro fo t he r s o Endt heque uef o rmar r i agewhi c hwaspr o vi ngt obeas uc c es s f ul di pl o mat i ct o o l o Mar r i aget oaCat ho l i c( pr o f e s s i o nofmos tofhe re l i gi bl es ui t o r s )wo ul d me anr e l i gi ousc onc e s s i o nswhi c hwo ul dpr o vo kePr o t e s t ants ubj e c t s

TheQueenandt heChurch Po pul arvi e w:t hats hedi dno tc ar emuc hf o rr e l i gi on,butus e di tas pol i t i c ali ns t r ument o Chal l engebyHai gh:pol i t i c alr e al i s m di dno tmakehe rar e l i gi ous o Shewasr e l i gi ous–per s o nall i br ar y ,r e gul ars e r vi c e ,pr aye r sBUT “ woul dno tt akef ool i s hr i s ksf o ri t ” “ nodoubtabo utofEl i z abe t h’ spr i vat ePr o t es t ant i s m” o Pr o t e s t anti mage o I dent i fic at i o nasapr o t es t antbo t hbyhe r s e l fandbyo t he rr e l i gi o us figur esandl eader s Pr o t e s t antmi s s i o no ft heQueen o Suc c es s f ulde butwi t ht hee nf o r c eme ntofPr o t es t ant i s m –bi l l s r es t o r i ngt hePr o t e s t ants e r vi c e so fEdwar d’ sr ei gn o BUTr es i s t anc eofc ons e r vat i vesi nLor dsandofpo we r f ulnobl emen me antme di at i onandc onc es s i onst ot heCat hol i c s( e . g.c hangest o l i t ur gyands upr emac y–l es so ffe ns i vet oCat hol i c s ) o Hai ghbe l i e vess hewas“ f r i ght ene doft heCat hol i c s ”

o Co nc es s i onsont hedr e s sandmo ve mentofpr i e s t s ,c l er i c almar r i age andt hepo s i t i onoft heal t ar

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Re f or mswhi c hal l o we df o rc ont i nui t ywi t hCat hol i cpas t o Al i enat i ono fPr o t es t ants ubj e c t s ,MPsande venc l os eadvi s o r s o Be l i e ft hats hewasgr ant i ngc onc es s i onst ogai ns uppo r to fSpai n o Sus pi c i ont hatEl i z abe t hwasi nf ac tno tPr o t es t ant o HOWEVERt hec o mpr omi s ewasmai nt ai nedandr adi c alPr o t es t ant demandsf orr e f or mi gnor e d Re l uc t anc et oi s o l at et heCat ho l i c s–“ want e dt obeque enoft heEngl i s h, no tquee no ft hePr o t es t ant s ” o Li t ur gi c alc ons e r vat i s m o Re l uc t anc et oai dPr o t e s t antr e be l sabr oad o Mo der at i onoft hepe r s e c ut i ono fCat hol i c s–i ft he ywer ee xe c ut e d, di s l o yal t yt ot her e al m no tPr o t es t ant i s m o ALSO mi ni s t er sf r o m Mar y’ sr ei gni nherc ounc i l To l er at i onofopi ni onsasl ongasCat hol i c sr e mai nedqui e t o “ no tl i ki ngt omakewi ndo wsi nt omen’ shear t sands e c r e tt hought s ” Shedi dno tt aker i s kswi t hr e l i gi ouspol i c y–“ t ol e r antwheni nt ol er anc e wasdange r o us ,andi nt ol er ant o Ai de dt hePr o t es t ant sDut c hf r om ani nqui s i t i on–butpr opaganda o Fr ee dom o fc ons c i enc er e flec t i onoft ol er anc e–o t her wi s ewo ul dbe i nt ol er antandadmi ni s t r at i ve l ydanger ous=c ons e r vat i veamong j us t i c esandc l e r gy Changeofpol i c yaf t er1582–ar r i valofJes ui t sands e mi nar ypr i e s t s o Pr o c l amat i onof1582dec l ar i ngal loft hem t r ai t or s–Cat hol i c sal s o fine d,i mpr i s onedande xec ut edf ort hi ngst hatt he ywoul dhavego t awaywi t hbe f or e

TheQueenandt heNobl es Bo s s edar oundt henobi l i t y–butpr o t ec t edt hei rdi gni t y The yne ede dherasmuc hass henee dedt hem –ec onomi cc hangewas e r o di ngt hefinanc i ali ndepende nc eoft henobi l i t y THEREFOREt he yl ookedf ort hepr ofit so fo ffic eandpol i t i c alf avo rt o pr e s e r vet he i rweal t hands t at us El i z abe t hc oul dr e l yont hem t ododi r t ywo r k,ast he yneededhe rt opr op upherpo s i t i ons–i nt er depende nc ewhi c hal l o we df o rs t r ongf unc t i oni ng r e l at i ons hi p

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Po werofl or ds :“ r e gi onalmagnat es ”–admi ni s t r at i veandmi l i t ar ydut i es– LORD LI EUTENANCY–Cr o wndepende ntonnobl ef ami l i est oe xe r c i s e c ont r o lo verr egi onst hr ought headmi ni s t r at i ves t r uc t ur e si npl ac e

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TheQueenandt heCounci l

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Wo ul ds ho w whowasi nc har gewi t hhermi ni s t er s–s c or nedt he m by vi ol enc e ,o ut bur s t sandf or c e–kno wnf orhe rbadt emper( mi ni s t er s e xe c ut e d,i mpr i s oned,hous ec he c ks ) I ndeci s i veness–j o ket ot hec ounc i l ,de l ays ;r at hert hant akeawr ong dec i s i o n,woul dt akenode c i s i onatal l pr o mo t e ddi ffe r enc esofopi ni onbe t wee nherc ounc i l or sandmaket hem c ompe t ef orherr e war ds Gr ant i ngandr e f us i ngoff avorbr edc ompe t i t i on–me antt hatc o unc i l or s we r eno tal wayso nt hes amepageanddi dno tat t emptt omani pul at et he quee n

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TheQueenandherpeopl e Nee df orhers ubj e c t st ol o vehert obr i ngor deri nt ot hei ro wnhands andr o o toutdi s s ent er sandc r i t i que so ft her egi me  ALSO,nee df ort he i rs uppor tt opr e ve ntr e be l l i onande ns ur es t e ady t axat i onandc o ns c r i pt i o n  Di dt hi sby: o Pr o pagandamac hi ne:s i mpl eandpe r s uas i vemes s age st ohe rpeo pl e f ort hei rl o ve o Sho wedhe r s e l ft oherpeo pl e:par ade,Thame sbo at r i de ,ac c es s i on dayc e l e br at i on o Af t e r1580s ,hugede mandf ori mageso ft hequeen–no tonl yc opyi ng o fpor t r ai t s ,butmedal l i onst os ho wl o yal t y o Char i t abl edo nat i o ns o I ns pee c he sandpr opaganda,depi c t edl o vi ngr e l at i ons hi pbe t we en he r s e l fandpeopl e–dec l ar edher s e l ft hemo t he roft her e al m de vo t edt ot hei nt er es tofherc hi l dr e n–t heEngl i s he vent ual l y be l i e vedwhatt he ywer et o l d BUTe xper i enc edt r oubl ewhe ns hedi dno tl i veupt oherr ol easa pr o t e s t anther oi ne( Dudl e yPl o t ,Al enç onaffai r )–butf ac t or ss wayedpubl i c o pi ni oni nherf avor(e xc ommuni c at i on,no r t he r nr e vol t ) Lastf ew years:l o s i ngde vo t i on–“ anamus e dt o l er anc eoft heo l dwoman’ s doi ngs ” ;her o eswe r eno wt henobl e sandt hee ar l s ;peopl ewant e daki ng

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Concl us i on:

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“ he rr ei gnhadbe ent hi r t yye ar sofi l l us i o n,f ol l o wedbyfif t eenye ar so f di s i l l us i on” Fr om goodt obad: o Fr om peac et owari nLo w Count r i e s ,o nt hec oas to fSpai n,i n I r e l andandi nFr anc e o Ec o nomi cpr o s per i t yf r om goodhar ves t st opl ague ,mo r t al i t y ,t r ade depr es s i o nandhi ghf oo dpr i c es o Fr om c ooper at i onwi t hmi ni s t e r st obi t t e rf ac t i onal i s m Pe o pl ehadne verl o vedt her e alEl i z abe t h,o nl yi nl o vewi t hheri mage– i mageo fGl or i anano tabl et obemat c hed–s e enaspol i t i c al l yc o r r upt Byendofr ul e: o Muc hl es spubl i c o Pr i s o nero faf ac t i on( wher e asme di at orbe f o r eandbal anc eofc ounc i l –Ce c i l i anmono pol y=es pous e de ve r ypo l i c y Re f us edt os eef or ei gnpo l i c yi nt e r mso fPr o t es t anti deol ogy–r e f us e dt o s eeEur ope anaffai r sasabat t l ebe t we ent hel e agueso fCat hol i c i s m andof Pr o t e s t ant i s m o Whens hefinal l ybo weddo wnt oc ounc i lpr e s s ur et os endane nvo y i nt ot heLo w Co unt r i es–wasno ti de ol o gi c al l ydr i ve nt or oo to utt he f o r c e so fAnt i c hr i s tBUTpol i t i c al l ys ens i bl et os uppo r the renemi e s ’ e nemi es So ur c eso fi nt e l l i genc ewe r eunr e l i abl e–ambas s ado r sandmi ni s t er swo ul d f ee dheri nf or mat i o nwhi c hbe nefit t edt hem Theque enhadt obuyc oo per at i onf r om s e r vant swi t hr e war ds–o f t ent he y di dno tf o l l o w heror de r s( ge ner al s ,bur eauc r at s , Pr o bl emsofhers e x:c r i t i c i s m,ac c es s i onc r i s i s ,appr opr i at ei magef orher s ubj ec t s( Vi r gi nQueenagr e ats uc c es st hough) I ndec i s i onandi nac t i vi t ybr o ughtaboutpr obl emswi t hpl aguedher s uc c es s o r–l i vedont hemome ntandr ul edasqueeni nhero wnt i me s e r vantt oGo dbutno tt oherpeopl e...