Terminology for la calasaa - very useful PDF

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Terminology for la calasaa - very useful




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Lecture 1: Anatomy

Anatomical Position

Anatomical planes

3 LEVELS: -ANATOMY (AS A WHOLE) -DEVELOPMENTAL, GROSS, & MICROSCOPIC -SYSTEMIC, SURFACE, & REGIONAL (COURSE FOCUS) Standing erect Facing forward Arms at sides Palms forward Legs parallel Toes pointed forwards 1. coronal (vertical cut into front and back halves) 2. transverse (horizontal cut into upper and lower) 3. sagittal (vertical cut into left and right halves)

Superior Inferior

Describes structures relative to each other in the vertical axis of the body

Anterior Posterior

Describes structures relative to each other in the front and back of the body

Medial Lateral

Describes structures relative to each other in the terms of midline of the body

Proximal Distal

Describes structures relative location; Start of the extremity versus end

Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

Extension Adduction

Increases the angle of a joint Motion that decreases a joint angle towards the midline of the body Motion that increases a joint angle away from the midline of the body Side-bending left or right; moving away from the midline of the body Lateral flexion; at the wrist that moves the hand towards either the radius (lateral) or the ulna (medial) Movements of the sole of the foot medially or laterally Turning about the axis of the body Turning limb around limb axis

Abduction Lateral Flexion Wrist Deviation

Inversion Eversion Rotation Internal (medial) / external (lateral rotation

Pronation

Lab 1: Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints Suture (fibrous joints)

Gomphosis (fibrous joints)

Syndesmosis (fibrous joint)

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous joint)

Synovial joints Hinge joint Gliding joint Pivot joint Saddle joint Condyloid joint Ball and Socket joint 4 Lymph Node Regions

Internal Jugular Veins

Jugular Trunks

Rotation of the radius at the elbow, and movement of the distal end of the radius over the ulna

Consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Cartilaginous joints are connected by hyaline cartilage and have no joint cavity Interlocking line of union between bones ex. The sagittal suture between the two parietal bones “peg in socket” fibrous joint. Ex) the roots of a tooth and the alveolar sockets in the maxilla or mandible, the periodontal ligament holds tooth in socket Joint held together by a ligament. Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but is longer than in sutures. Ex) the anterior tibio-fibular ligament that connects the distal tibia and fibula Immoveable joint, united by rigid cartilage. (epiphyseal plate) ex. The costal joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum Synovial joints have a synovial, fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the articulating bones Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane Allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles Rotating bone turns around an axis ; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus Type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation Synovial joint that does everything except rotating Shoulder and hip 1. Cervical 2. Clavicular 3. Axillary 4. Mediastinal Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck Drain lymph from head and neck

Subclavian Trunks Subclavian Arteries Bronchmediastinal Trunks Brachiocephalic arteries Thoracic ducts

Lymphatic ducts Superior vena cava

Articulation Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis Synovial fluid

Range of motion Opposition

Drain upper limbs, breasts and superficial thoracic wall Carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the arms Drain lymph from the thoracic wall, lung, and heart Arteries which branch off the aorta to deliver blood to the brain and upper torso receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities Drain tissues of body and move lymph into major veins A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body A second name for a joint Immoveable joint Slightly moveable joint Freely moveable joint Joint-lubricting fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; when a joint becomes active, the fluid becomes thinner and less viscose The range through which a joint ca be moved Movement of the thumb to touch fingertips...