Test Bank and Solutions For How Children Develop 6th Canadian Edition By Robert S. Siegler PDF

Preview

Summary

Solutions Manual, Test Bank, eBook For How Children Develop 6th Canadian Edition By Robert S. Siegler, Saffran, Eisenberg, DeLoache, Gershoff, Graha ; 9781319173029, 9781319269678, 1319173020, 1319269672...

Description

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce Indicatetheanswerchoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 1. WhichstatementaboutnaturalisticobservationisNOTtrue? a. Researcherstrynottoinfluencethebehaviorsoftheindividualstheyareobserving. b. Researchersmustensurethattheeffectstheyobserveareduetothevariablestheyintentionally manipulated. c. Obtainingsufficientinterraterreliabilityisimportant. d. Theprincipalobjectiveistoobservehowpeopleactintheirusualsurroundings. 2. VariablesUandWhaveacorrelationof–0.86.IfitisknownthatKeirahasalowscoreonU,which statementwouldbetheBESTpredictionaboutherscoreonW? a. KeiraislikelytohaveahighscoreonW. b. KeiraislikelytohavealowscoreonW. c. Keira'sscoreonWislikelytobehigherthanherscoreonU. d. Keira'sscoreonWcannotbepredictedfromherscoreonU. 3. WhichmethodistheBESTwaytodivideparticipantsintogroupsforanexperiment? a. dividingparticipantsbyhaircolor b. allowingparticipantstochoosewhichgrouptojoin c. dividingparticipantsbywheretheirnamesfallonanalphabeticlist d. flippingacoinforeachparticipant 4. Evidencefortheenduringepigeneticimpactofearlyexperiencesandbehaviorsondevelopmentcomesfrom whattypeofresearch? a. researchonmethylation b. meta-analysis c. longitudinalstudies d. cross-sectionaldesigns 5. Whichstatementaboutindividuals'contributionstotheirowndevelopmentisTRUE? a. Mostindividualsrarelyactivelycontributetotheirowndevelopment. b. Infantsareincapableofactivelycontributingtotheirowndevelopment. c. Individuals'activecontributionstotheirowndevelopmentstrengthenastheyage. d. Individuals'activecontributionstotheirowndevelopmentweakenastheyage.

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 1

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 6.Consideringtheresearchonpreschoolers'abilitytoprovideaccuratetestimonyaboutpastevents,which

pieceofadvicewouldbetheMOSTimportantforaninterviewertobetoldpriortointerviewingayoung child? a.Bringadolltoaidthechildinansweringyourquestions. b.Makesureyouknowtheanswerstothequestionsbeforeaskingthechild. c.Ifyoudonotthinkthechildhasansweredaquestionaccurately,askthequestionagain. d.Askquestionsthatwillhelpchildrentotestifyaccurately. 7.WhichstatementisNOTpartofthelogicofexperimentaldesigns?

a.Twoormoregroupsofparticipantsvaryononeormorevariablesattheoutset. b.Theparticipantswithinonegrouparegivenanexperiencethatdiffersinonlyonewayfromthe experiencegiventoparticipantsintheothergroup. c.Theparticipantsindifferentgroupsbehavedifferentlyaftertheexperiences. d.Thedifferentexperiencesareconcludedtohavecausedthesubsequentdifferenceinbehavior. 8.Whichpremiseisatthefoundationofthescientificmethod?

a.Ifahypothesisisrepeatedlytestedandfoundincorrect,itmustbeabandoned. b.Somehypothesescannotbetestedscientifically. c.Beliefsthatareplausibletomanyexpertsareassumedtobeaccurate. d.Thescientificmethodisfoundedonallofthese. 9.Whichbasicstepofthescientificmethodisuniquetothatmethod?

a.Formahypothesis. b.Developamethodtotestthehypothesis. c.Askaquestion. d.Drawaconclusion. 10.WhichstatementaboutepigeneticsisTRUE?

a.One'shereditaryinformationstaysconstantthroughoutlife. b.One'sDNAcanbealteredbyexperience. c.Earlyexperiencescanaltertheexpressionofone'sgenes. d.Allofthesestatementsaretrue. 11.ResearchersinterestedinunderstandingtheprocessofchangeareMOSTlikelytousea_____design.

a.correlational b.microgenetic c.longitudinal d.cross-sectional

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 2

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 12.VariablesXandYarenegativelycorrelated,indicatingthatasthelevelofXincreases,thelevelofY_____,

andasthelevelofXdecreases,thelevelofY_____. a.increases;increases b.increases;decreases c.decreases;increases d.decreases;decreases 13.Onestudydiscussedinthetextdemonstratedthatthegradesofchildrenwhowerehighlyengagedinschool

changedinmorepositivedirectionsthanwouldhavebeenpredictedbygeneticbackgroundorfamily environmentalone.ThisfindingisMOSTsupportiveofthetheoryof a.Watson. b.Johnson. c.Dweck. d.Piaget. 14.AresearcherwouldbeMOSTlikelytouseamicrogeneticdesigntoexaminewhichtopic?

a.basicpatternofage-relatedchangesinaparticularskill b.patternofstabilityandchangeinindividualchildren'sdevelopmentinaparticulararea c.howchangeinaparticularskilloccurs d.howindividualdifferencesremainstableoverlongperiodsoftime 15.WhichpersonisMOSTlikelytodevelopschizophrenia,basedoncurrentresearchfindings?

a.Stacey,whosefirstcousinsuffersfromthedisorder b.Margaret,whosegrandfathersuffersfromthedisorder c.Brandon,whosefathersuffersfromthedisorder d.Michael,whosesistersuffersfromthedisorder 16.Alldemonstratenature'sinfluenceonourdevelopmentEXCEPT

a.thegenome. b.theirpersonality. c.epigenetics. d.geneticdifferences. 17.Whenachildovercomesobstaclesindevelopmentrelatedtopovertyorothernegativeexperiences,hecan

besaidtobe_____,accordingtothetext. a.resilient b.strong c.optimistic d.fullofGRIT

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 3

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 18.Thetextdescribesastudyexaminingthelinkbetweensleepingwithanightlightininfancyandlater

developingnearsightedness.Thisstudyexhibitedwhichtypeofproblem? a.negative-correlation b.third-variable c.causal-relationship d.direction-of-causation 19.Inwhichdata-gatheringmethoddoresearcherstrytoremainunobtrusive?

a.anaturalisticinterview b.astructuredinterview c.naturalisticobservation d.structuredobservation 20.Whichislikelythefirstenvironmentalinfluenceondevelopmentthatweencounter?

a.thewomb b.thehousewelivein c.theelementaryschoolweattend d.ourparents'interactionwithus 21.Darwincompletedabiographicalsketchofhisownson,demonstratinghisinterestinchilddevelopment,in

whatwascalled a.evolutionarytheory. b.thepsychosexualstagesofdevelopment. c.thepsychosocialstagesofdevelopment. d.thebabybiography. 22.Researchstudiesengagingin_____designsoftenrevealthatpracticesthatarerareornonexistentinone's

ownculturearecommoninothercultures. a.cross-sectional b.longitudinal c.cross-cultural d.experimental 23.Romanian-bornchildrenwhowereadoptedbyBritishfamilies_____faredBESTinweightgainafter

adoption. a.beforeage6months b.betweentheagesof6and24months c.betweentheagesof24and42months d.after42months

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 4

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 24.Theinternalvalidityofameasureinvolvestheextenttowhich

a.theeffectsofanexperimentaretrulyduetoconditionstheresearcherintendedtomanipulate. b.differentobserversofthesamebehavioragree. c.theresultsofastudyholdwhenstudiesareconductedwithdifferentparticipantsanddifferent methods. d.participant'sperformanceissimilarontwoormoreoccasions. 25.Cribspeechisa(n)

a.demonstrationoftheimportanceofnatureondevelopment. b.earlyindicationofschizophrenia. c.phenomenonFreudobservedandusedasapartialbasisforhistheory. d.exampleofanindividual'scontributionstohisorherowndevelopment. 26.AresearcherwouldbeMOSTlikelytouseacross-sectionaldesigntoexaminewhichtopic?

a.typicalpatternofage-relatedchangesinaparticularskill b.patternofstabilityandchangeinindividualchildren'sdevelopmentinaparticulararea c.howchangeinaparticularskilloccurs d.howindividualdifferencesremainstableoverlongperiodsoftime 27.Atowncommitteelearnsthatthereisastrongnegativecorrelationbetweenthenumberofinchesofdaily

rainfallandthenumberofchildrenwhousetheneighborhoodplaygroundseachday.Ifthecommitteewere toconcludethathighrainfalliscausedbychildrennotusingtheplayground,whichtypeofproblemwould MOSTlikelybeoccurring? a.third-variable b.direction-of-correlation c.direction-of-causation d.insufficient-knowledge 28.WhichstatementaboutlongitudinaldesignisTRUE?

a.Lossofparticipantscanthreatenexternalvalidity. b.Longitudinaldesignisparticularlyusefulforexaminingage-relatedchangesintypicalperformance. c.Longitudinaldesignistheleasttime-consumingofthedesignsforexaminingdevelopment. d.Researchquestionsregardingstabilityorchangeovertimearenotwell-suitedforlongitudinaldesign. 29.WhichitemisNOToneofthefourfactorsScarridentifiedasinvolvedinthedifferencesamongsiblings?

a.socioculturalcontext b.genes c.children'schoiceofenvironments d.treatmentbyparentsandothers

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 5

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 30.SieglerandJenkins'sexaminationofthedevelopmentofthecounting-onstrategyisanexampleof_____

design. a.longitudinal b.cross-sectional c.experimental d.microgenetic 31.Whichresearchdesignallowsresearcherstoinfercause-and-effectassociationsbetweenvariables?

a.structured b.correlational c.experimental d.noneofthese 32.WhichofScarr'sfactorsisBESTrelatedtothethemeoftheactivechild?

a.geneticdifferences b.differentchoicesofenvironment c.differencesintreatmentbyparentsandothers d.differentreactionstosimilarexperiences 33.WithwhichstatementwouldstagetheoristsNOTagree?

a.Behaviorsofchildrenatdifferentagesdiffersharply. b.Achild'sentryintoanewstageinvolvesagradualshiftfromonewayofexperiencingtheworldtoa differentwayofexperiencingit. c.Childrenofaparticularageshowwide-rangingsimilaritiesacrossavarietyofsituations. d.Whenchildrenenteranewcognitivestage,theydemonstratetheirnewwayofthinkingacrossa broadspectrumoftasks. 34.Whichisamajorgroupofcontemporaryphilosophersandpsychologiststhatarguefortheimportanceand

relevanceofevolutioninrelationtohumandevelopment? a.nativists b.evolutionarypsychologists c.empiricists d.Freudians

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 6

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 35.Dr.Jeffersonisapsychologistinterestedin4-year-oldShawn'sknowledgeofthedifferencesbetween

animalsandvehicles.ThepsychologistgivesShawnamultiple-choicepicturetestinwhichhemustwritethe letterofthecorrectansweronaseparatepieceofpaper.However,Shawnhastroubleidentifyingandwriting someletters.Ontwoseparateoccasions,Shawnreceivesthesamescoreonthetest.Thismethodhas _____validityand_____reliability. a.good;good b.good;poor c.poor;good d.poor;poor 36.WhichstatementBESTcharacterizestheresultsofresearchonchildrenfromRomanianorphanages?

a.Positiveexperiencesinlaterchildhoodcannotcounteracttheeffectofnegativeearlychildhood experiences. b.Positiveexperiencesinlaterchildhoodcounteracttheeffectofnegativeearlychildhoodexperiences. c.Theimpactofpositiveexperiencesonchildren'sresiliencydependsonthetimingandextentofthe neglect. d.Neglectininfancyalwayshassevereandlastingconsequences. 37.Whichfactorisanexampleofhowchildrenshapetheirowndevelopment?

a.playstyle b.socioeconomicstatus c.numberofsiblings d.allofthese 38.WhichvariableisLEASTlikelytobeanindependentvariableinanexperiment?

a.TV-viewingbehavior b.familysize c.hoursofteachertraining d.parentalinvolvementinschool 39.Thestudythatexaminedthelyingbehaviorof3-,4-,and5-year-oldsutilizedwhichtypeofdesign?

a.cross-sectional b.microgenetic c.experimental d.longitudinal

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 7

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 40.Acorrelationof–1.00indicatesthat

a.thereisnorelationshipbetweenthetwovariables. b.thetwovariablesincreasetogether. c.thetwovariablesdecreasetogether. d.asonevariableincreases,theothervariabledecreases. 41.Oneoftheearliestexamplesofresearchconductedforthebenefitofchildrenwas

a.Watson'sexperimentsontheeffectsofrewardandpunishment. b.theEarlofShaftesbury'sefforttoreformchildlaborpractices. c.Freud'sdreamanalysis. d.Locke'sadvocacyofearlydisciplineandlaterfreedom. 42.Thepossibilitythatthecorrelationbetweentwovariablesmayactuallybetheresultofanadditional

unspecifiedattributeisreferredtoasthe_____problem. a.insufficient-variable b.third-variable c.experimental-design d.direction-of-causation 43.WhichstatementdescribestheresultsofresearchbyDweckonchildren'sbeliefsaboutintelligence?

a.Childrenwhobelievethatintelligenceisafixedentityaremorelikelythanareotherchildrentopersist inthefaceofdifficulty. b.Childrenwhobelievethatintelligencecanbeincreasedbylearningaremorelikelythanareother childrentosaytheyaredumbwhenfacedwithachallenge. c.Childrenwhobelievethatintelligenceisafixedentityaremorelikelythanareotherchildrentothink thataverychallengingproblemistoohardforthem. d.Childrenwhobelievethatintelligencecanbedecreasedaremorelikelythanareotherchildrentoquit tryingatchallengingtasks. 44.Amethodthatallowsresearcherstogatherinformationfromalargenumberofparticipantssimultaneouslyby

presentingthemauniformsetofitemsisreferredtoasa(n) a.interview. b.cross-sectionalstudy. c.longitudinalstudy. d.questionnaire.

Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 8

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 45.ProfessorBrysonisaresearcherwhoaskschildrenaseriesofpredeterminedquestionsabouthowmuch

theyliketoplaywiththeirsiblings.Heisusing a.naturalisticobservation. b.structuredobservation. c.aclinicalinterview. d.astructuredinterview. 46.Amethodforcombiningtheresultsfromindependentstudiestodetermineageneralconclusiononthetopic

isknownas a.meta-analysis. b.factoranalysis. c.longitudinaldesign. d.cross-sectionaldesign. 47.ResearcherswouldbeLEASTlikelytoexaminetheeffectof_____on_____withexperimentaldesign.

a.children'sTVviewinghabits;siblingrelationships b.teachers'testingprocedures;children'sschoolachievement c.poverty;children'sbeliefsaboutintelligence d.socialskillstraining;children'sabilitytomakefriends 48.WhichstatementaboutthestudyonthedevelopmentofpopularitydiscussedinthetextisTRUE?

a.Themicrogeneticdesignallowedforconclusionstobemadeaboutage-relatedchangesinpopularity. b.Thecross-sectionaldesignallowedforage-relateddifferencesamongchildreninpopularitytobe examined. c.Thelongitudinaldesignallowedfortheinvestigationofhowchangesinpopularityoccur. d.Thelongitudinaldesignallowedforthestabilityofindividualdifferencestobeexamined. 49.Accordingtothetext,differencesbetweenU.S.andMayanchildhoodsleepingpatternsaredueto

differencesin a.laws. b.financialcircumstances. c.culturalvalues. d.familystructure. 50.WhichexpressionisMOSTlikelytorepresentthecorrelationbetweenageofchildandreadingspeed

amongchildrenwhoareabletoread? a.1.00 b.0.60 c.0 d.–0.60 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 9

For All Chapters --> [email protected] Name:

Class:

Date:

Chap01_6ce 51.Attributesthatvaryacrossindividualsandsituationsaretermed

a.variables. b.correlates. c.causes. d.coefficients. 52.Whatdolongitudinaldesignsdo?

a.studychildrenonthevergeofadevelopmentalchangeinordertoexaminetheprocessesthatproduce changes b.comparegroupsofchildrenwhoareofdifferentagesonthesamevariable c.followthesamechildrenoveraperiodoftime d.userandomassignment 53.GroupscreatedthroughrandomassignmentwouldNOTbecomparablewithregardto

a.socioeconomicstatus. b.numberofchildreninfamily. c.IQscore. d.experimentalgroup. 54.Onestudydiscussedinthetextdemonstratedthatinfantswithaparticularformofoneofthegenes

influencingproductionofneurotransmittersassociatedwitheffortfulattentionhadlowereffortfulattentionthan otherinfantswhentheyalsowereexposedtopoorparenting.Whatprincipleisdemonstratedbythisstudy? a.Environmentplaysacrucialroleintheexpressionofgenes. b.Theexpressionofgenesplaysacrucialroleinone'senvironment. c.Somegeneticinfluencesoperateregardlessofenvironment. d.Currentresearchmethodsoftendonotallowresearcherstoseparatetheinfluencesofgeneticsand environment. 55.Whichphilosopherofferedtheargumentthatchildrenshouldbeprovidedwithmaximumfreedomandno

formaleducationpriortotheageofreasonatapproximatelyage12? a.Rousseau b.Plato c.Aristotle d.Locke 56.Whichgrouphasstressedthegenerallearningmechanismsthatarethoughttobepossessedbyinfants?

a.nativists b.evolutionarypsychologists c.empiricists d.Freudians Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.

For Full Chapters : [email protected]

Page 10

For All Chapters --> [email protected]...