Test Bank Essentials of Sociology 5th Ed PDF

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CHAPTER 1: Sociology: Theory and Method

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Sociologists recognize that “personal” troubles, if occurring in patterned ways, to large numbers of individuals, reflect important __________ or consequences of social structures. a. public issues c. interest groups b. individualized problems d. family values ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics like love and romance are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Remembering 2. In the midst of an economic crisis, when foreclosures have become a common feature in the country in response, Jenna and her family lose their home because her parents can no longer pay the mortgage. Sociologists would likely see this as: a. a personal trouble b. the fault of Jenna’s father for not providing for the family c. a socialist economy d. a public issue ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics like love and romance are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Understanding

3. Following C. Wright Mills, sociologists refer to breaking free from the immediacy of personal circumstances and putting things in a wider social context as the: a. accumulation of capital c. emergence theory b. sociological imagination d. recognition of self ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Recognize that sociology is more than just acquiring knowledge; it also involves developing a sociological imagination and a global perspective, and understanding social change. MSC: Remembering 4. In the midst of an economic crisis, when foreclosures have become a common feature in the country in response, Jenna and her family lose their home because her parents can no longer pay the mortgage. Jenna would be using a sociological imagination to think about this if she were to: a. blame her mother for not working hard enough b. wonder why her father does not just find a new job c. consider how it might be strange that we live in a world that allows people to be thrown out of their homes d. think about ways she can contribute financially to buying their house back ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Recognize that sociology is more than just acquiring knowledge; it also involves developing a sociological imagination and a global perspective, and understanding social change. MSC: Applying 5. __________ refers to how human societies are reconstructed at every moment by the very “building blocks” that compose them—human beings. a. Evolutionary biology c. Metatheory b. Structuration d. Dramaturgy ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Recognize that sociology is more than just acquiring knowledge; it also involves developing a sociological imagination and a global perspective, and understanding social change. MSC: Remembering 6. When women began entering the workforce in larger numbers in the United States, until eventually it became normal, women’s structural place in society was (somewhat) altered. This is an example of: a. structuration c. wages for housework b. social stasis d. the glass ceiling ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Recognize that sociology is more than just acquiring knowledge; it also involves developing a sociological imagination and a global perspective, and understanding social change. MSC: Applying

7. When Juan drinks his morning coffee, he thinks about its production in Colombia, its transportation through many countries, the taxes and tariffs applied for international commerce, and the diverse array of social relations behind his drink. According to the textbook, one might say that Juan is using: a. an internalized view of things b. an individual framework of commodity production c. a global perspective d. a domestic view of labor ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Is the "Sociological Imagination?" OBJ: Recognize that sociology is more than just acquiring knowledge; it also involves developing a sociological imagination and a global perspective, and understanding social change. MSC: Applying 8. According to the textbook, __________ involve constructing abstract interpretations that can be used to explain a wide variety of situations. a. empirical answers c. theories b. ideologies d. beliefs ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Learn about the development of sociology as a field. 9. __________ invented the word sociology. a. Karl Marx b. Auguste Comte

MSC: Remembering

c. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 10. According to __________, to become a science, sociology must study social facts—aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals. a. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim b. Auguste Comte d. Max Weber ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 11. Émile Durkheim believed that for a society to function and persist over time, its specialized institutions must work in harmony with each other and function as an integrated whole. He referred to this as:

a. democratic centralism b. consensus

c. class consciousness d. organic solidarity

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 12. Kevon believes that society should be looked at like a body, with constituent parts necessary to the functioning of the whole. His ideas probably most closely mirror those of which theorist? a. Karl Marx c. Harriet Martineau b. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 13. __________ argued that class struggles were what led to historical progress and development. a. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim b. Auguste Comte d. Max Weber ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 14. The ideas of Karl Marx might be criticized for what reason? a. He had no analysis of power imbalances. b. His focus on class conflict risked minimizing or ignoring other social divisions, such as those around race and gender. c. His materialist conception of history relied too much on the ideas people had instead of actual social events. d. He paid no attention to how society produced and distributed goods. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 15. Anita puts forward the idea that under capitalism, working people and the owners of the means of production will struggle, and from this struggle, a new kind of society will emerge. Her thoughts most closely mirror those of which theorist? a. Karl Marx c. Harriet Martineau b. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use?

OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 16. Karl Marx studied the development of capitalism in western Europe and the United States. One possible criticism of his research might be that: a. his perspective was not sufficiently global in outlook b. he ignored working-class experience c. Marx never bothered to really understand the production of goods d. his research was never used with the goal of improving society; instead, he simply tried to describe the world ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 17. Karl Marx thought that society: a. was a fully functioning grouping of social equals b. was primarily divided by social class c. had reached its historical apex d. was a reflection of the mind of God ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 18. __________ was perhaps most influential in sociology for his studies of bureaucracy. a. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim b. Auguste Comte d. Max Weber ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 19. Maria believes that contemporary societies are primarily defined by the rise and maintenance of hierarchical bureaucratic forms of organizing large parts of social life. Her ideas most closely match with those of which theorist? a. Karl Marx c. Harriet Martineau b. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding

20. The German sociologist Max Weber was highly influential in sociology for his studies of: a. the French Constituent Assembly c. bureaucracy b. hunter–gatherer societies d. urban planning ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 21. Max Weber’s theoretical contributions might be criticized for: a. focusing narrowly on the individual b. not taking into account the role of bureaucracy in modern societies c. ignoring large social institutions d. ignoring collective and democratic forms of organization that are common in modern societies ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 22. According to the textbook, __________ was the first to turn a sociological eye on previously ignored issues, such as marriage, children, domestic and religious life, and race relations. a. Voltarine de Cleyre c. Harriet Martineau b. Gloria Steinem d. Lucy Parsons ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Remembering 23. Chris insists than any decent analysis of our social world must include investigations into the lived experiences of women. Chris’s ideas match most closely with those of which theorist? a. Karl Marx c. Harriet Martineau b. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 24. __________ coined the term double consciousness to refer to the African American experience. a. W. E. B. Du Bois c. Harriet Martineau b. Gloria Steinem d. Lucy Parsons ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to

sociology.

MSC: Remembering

25. Sangeeta argues that African Americans often see themselves through the eyes of white society. Her ideas most closely match with those of which theorist? a. Karl Marx c. Harriet Martineau b. Émile Durkheim d. W. E. B. Du Bois ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Be able to name some of the leading social theorists and the concepts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Understanding 26. According to the textbook, George Herbert Mead reasoned that language allows us to become selfconscious beings—aware of our own individuality. This idea forms the basis of the theoretical perspective known as: a. symbolic interactionism c. feminist theory b. postmodern theory d. Marxism ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Remembering

27. Mohammed believes that studies of human behavior should focus primarily on how we construct meaning together through abstract representations. His position is closest to which theoretical perspective? a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. Marxism and class conflict d. feminist theory ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

28. Paco has begun using symbolic interaction as a theoretical perspective to think about the role of food in religious ceremonies. What is one possible critique of this approach? a. One cannot use symbols to study religious phenomena. b. Individual behaviors do not matter in religious ceremonies. c. Paco runs the risk of missing larger social context by focusing on symbolic communication. d. Religion involves inner meaning rather than communication between different sets of people. ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

29. Theorists of __________, such as Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim, compared societies to the workings of a human body. a. functionalism c. feminist theory b. postmodern theory d. symbolic interactionism ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

30. Pierre prefers to think of institutions and human activities by analyzing the relationship of each individual part as it relates to the whole. His way of thinking most closely resembles which theoretical perspective? a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. Marxism and class conflict d. feminist theory ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Applying

31. Latisha believes that sociologists need to look at not only how our institutions were intended to work but also the unintentional effects of those institutions. According to the textbook, this is a major part of which theoretical perspective? a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. Marxism and class conflict d. feminist theory ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Applying

32. One possible criticism of functionalism might be: a. that it is impossible to research large social bodies b. that it does not take into account society’s major institutions c. that it has an anti-Western bias d. that societies are in conflict just as often as they are stable ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

33. We might identify one of the latent functions of public schools as: a. providing low-cost educational training to the public at large b. teaching our children the values of our society

c. training kids to obey authority and grow up to become obedient workers d. teaching the citizenry of the country the basics of subjects such as math and science ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

34. As a sociological theory, __________ is unique in that it is also supposed to generate a program for radical political change. a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. postmodern theory d. Marxism ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

35. Janice thinks that sociology should be a science used to bring about radical social change, with particular emphasis on power and ideology. Her position most closely aligns with which theoretical perspective? a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. Marxism and class conflict d. postmodernism ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Understanding

36. Sociologists who use __________ as a theoretical perspective argue that women’s lives and experiences are central to the study of society. a. functionalism c. feminist theory b. postmodern theory d. Marxism ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Remembering

37. Maynard believes that women’s experiences are central to the study of society. According to the textbook, his beliefs most closely align with which theoretical perspective? a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. Marxism and class conflict d. feminist theory ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field.

MSC: Applying 38. Adherents of __________ contend that there are no longer any “grand narratives,” or metanarratives— overall conceptions of history or society—that make any sense. a. functionalism c. feminist theory b. postmodern theory d. symbolic interactionism ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Remembering

39. Marissa rejects the idea that we can make historical claims about society progressively developing. Her idea most mirrors which theoretical perspective? a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism b. postmodernism d. feminist theory ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Applying

40. The study of everyday behavior in situations of face-to-face interaction is usually called: a. institutional ethnography c. historical/comparative sociology b. microsociology d. macrosociology ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Remembering

41. Abbey studies how people negotiate personal space when they speak to each other in person by closely observing their behaviors. Her studies would best be referred to as: a. conflict studies c. macrosociology b. microsociology d. survey research ANS: REF: OBJ: MSC:

B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate What Theories Do Sociologists Use? Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field. Applying

42. Jerome looks at how the global economy functions in continental free-trade zones. His studies might be described as: a. sexuality studies c. macrosociology b. microsociology d. survey research ANS: C

PTS: 1

DIF: Moderate

REF: What Theories Do Sociologists Use? OBJ: Learn the differen...