Test Bank MGMT340 CH2 PDF

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Organizational Behavior, 17e (Robbins) Chapter 2 Diversity in Organizations 1) Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company that promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies that focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity? A) Eighty-five percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce. C) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. D) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employ an equal number of men and women. E) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance. Answer: C Explanation: C) The fact that the workforce is not dominated by any one ethnic or racial group indicates that the workplace has a mix of all ethnicities and races and does not discriminate. The fact that 85 percent of the top management positions of the company are held by men works against the argument because it shows that the company is biased toward men. In addition, if Kimberly is the only African-American member in the entire workforce, it shows that the company is biased toward other racial groups. Kimberly's previously working for a company that believes in gender equality is irrelevant to this argument. Her team members being treated equally in spite of differences in performance represents unfair discrimination. It works against the argument. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Reflective thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking 2) ________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. A) Psychographic B) Additive C) Surface-level D) Disjunctive E) Conjunctive Answer: C Explanation: C) Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept

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3) Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity? A) It refers to psychographic characteristics of the members of a group. B) People with surface-level diversity will also share deep-level diversity. C) It indicates differences of values, emotions and personality traits between people. D) It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race. E) It represents a person's or group's thought processes and feelings. Answer: D Explanation: D) Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 4) Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity. A) personality B) values C) style of work D) ethnicity E) attitudes Answer: D Explanation: D) Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 5) Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity? A) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. B) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. C) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility. D) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. E) Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions. Answer: D Explanation: D) Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application

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6) ________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience. A) Surface-level B) Additive C) Demographic D) Deep-level E) Conjunctive Answer: D Explanation: D) As people get to know one another, they become less concerned about demographic differences if they see themselves as sharing more important characteristics, such as personality and values, that represent deep-level diversity. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept 7) Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity? A) colleagues who both come from the same neighborhood in Alabama B) employees who are college graduates with a degree in business management C) employees who speak Spanish and share similar religious values D) employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively E) employees in their mid-thirties with 10 years' work experience in the publishing industry Answer: D Explanation: D) Demographics mostly reflect surface-level diversity, not thoughts and feelings, and can lead employees to perceive one another through stereotypes and assumptions. However, evidence has shown that as people get to know one another, they become less concerned about demographic differences if they see themselves as sharing more important characteristics, such as personality and values, that represent deep-level diversity. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept

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8) Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers? A) age B) values C) beliefs D) religion E) personality Answer: A Explanation: A) Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Analytical thinking Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application 9) A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity. A) gender B) age C) ethnicity D) disability E) values Answer: E Explanation: E) Deep-level diversity comprises differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept

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10) ________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity. A) Race B) Age C) Ethnicity D) Gender E) Personality Answer: E Explanation: E) Deep-level diversity comprises differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 11) The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job? A) race B) age C) ethnicity D) values E) personality Answer: E Explanation: E) Deep-level diversity comprises differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Analytical thinking Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application 12) Since 1950, the percentage of females in the U.S. workforce has risen from approximately 30 percent to 47 percent. Answer: TRUE Explanation: In 1950 only 29.6 percent of the U.S. workforce was female, but by 2014, women comprised 47 percent. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept

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13) Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface-level diversity. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Demographics mostly reflect surface-level diversity, not thoughts and feelings, and can lead employees to perceive one another through stereotypes and assumptions. However, evidence has shown that as people get to know one another, they become less concerned about demographic differences if they see themselves as sharing more important characteristics, such as personality and values, that represent deep-level diversity. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 14) Two colleagues who bond over similarities of growing up in a French-speaking locality can be said to have deep-level similarities rather than surface-level similarities. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes are known as surface-level diversity. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Application 15) Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, give rise to surface-level diversity. The Atalissa scandal serves as a reminder that true fairness is not just a warm feeling toward the disabled, but the ethical responsibility of us all. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes are known as surface-level diversity. The exploitation of the disabled men in the opening story is a tragic example of mistreating people for the ways in which they are different. Not only were the men abused by their supposed caretakers, but they also suffered workplace discrimination that kept them in debilitating roles without regard to their abilities and needs. In this chapter, we look at how organizations should work to maximize the potential contributions of a diverse workforce. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Application

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16) Describe some of the changes in the age 55 and over workforce. Answer: Workers over the age of 55 are an increasingly large portion of the workforce as well, both in the United States and globally. In the United States, the 55-and-older age group will increase from 19.5 percent of the labor force in 2010 to 25.2 percent by 2020. These changes are increasingly reflected in the makeup of managerial and professional jobs. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept 17) Explain the play of surface-level similarity and deep-level diversity in a workplace environment with the help of an example. Answer: Yoko and Kishi who work in a finance firm both hail from Miyagi. They speak Japanese fluently and easily bonded over their shared culture and love for karaoke. Such similarities refer to surface-level similarities. However, a few months later, when they had to work on an account together, they faced several disagreements due to differences in their work styles and personalities. Yoko was more impulsive and liked to make quick decisions. On the other hand, Kishi liked to deliberate over decisions and implementation processes. In addition, Yoko was optimistic about situations whereas Kishi was overly critical and skeptical about most processes. These fundamental differences in beliefs and thought processes resulted in clashes between them. Such differences represent deep-level diversity. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Synthesis 18) Define surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity. Answer: Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes. On the other hand, differences in values, personality, and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better are categorized under deep-level diversity. LO: 2.1: Describe the two major forms of workplace diversity. AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept

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19) The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action? A) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. B) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. C) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages. D) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them. Answer: E Explanation: E) Orbit Bank discriminated against Susan by giving her the same incentives as her colleagues even though she performed better than them. If the company gave her preferential treatment because she was from the host country, the company would then be discriminating against the other employees. Asking whether she is over eighteen years of age is a question that interviewers are allowed to ask during the interview process to ensure the candidate is legally allowed to gain employment. Whether Susan faced a similar situation in the previous company is irrelevant to the argument. Susan's colleagues stating their unhappiness about their pay and severance package is not related to Susan filing a lawsuit against the company for discriminating against her. LO: 2.2: Demonstrate how workplace discrimination undermines organizational effectiveness. AACSB: Reflective thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking 20) In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. A) intimidation B) risk aversion C) inequity aversion D) optimism bias E) ambiguity aversion Answer: A Explanation: A) In a workplace, intimidation involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. LO: 2.2: Demonstrate how workplace discrimination undermines organizational effectiveness. AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept

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21) April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite? A) sexual harassment B) cyberstalking C) mobbing D) exclusion E) electronic harassment Answer: A Explanation: A) Sexual harassment refers to unwanted sexual advances and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that create a hostile or offensive work environment. LO: 2.2: Demonstrate how workplace discrimination undermines organizational effectiveness. AACSB: Analytical thinking Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application 22) Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination that refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees? A) intimidation B) impact bias C) inequity aversion D) framing effect E) benefaction Answer: A Explanation: A) Intimidation is a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. LO: 2.2: Demonstrate how workplace discrimination undermines organizational effectiveness. AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept

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23) Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation? A) Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them. B) Jill's manager, Steve, rarely considers her business ideas, but he consistently praises the contributions of Jill's colleague, Emily. C) Natasha's colleagues often make jokes using cultural or ethnic stereotypes. D) Although Kathleen had spent a longer time in the organization, her colleague Gary was promoted to a management position. E) Jane's colleagues recently forgot to invite her to a team lunch, a fact that caused her great distress. Answer: A Explanation: A) Intimidation is a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. LO: 2.2: Demonstrate how workplace discrimination undermines organizational effectiveness. AACSB: Analytical thinking Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application 24) Hazel Samuels has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. In addition, during team meetings, she is his target for practical jokes and nasty pranks. She is extremely upset and decides not to be subjected to such treatment any longer. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource...