Test banks for fourth topic PDF

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Chapter 4 Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Multiple Choice: 1) Which of the following is TRUE regarding anxiety? A) It is a common emotion in new situations. B) It is always proportional to the situation. C) It is particularly common among children. D) It is always learned. ANSWER: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 114 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 2) Which of the following are components of the autonomic nervous system? A) Peripheral nervous system and brain B) Somatic sensory system and parasympathetic nervous system C) Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems D) Brain and spinal cord ANSWER: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 114 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 3) Gwen is preparing for her Psychology of Learning midterm exam. Although she has read all of the material and been active in class discussions, she has recurring thoughts of failing the exam. Her thoughts persist even though she is an honors student and has never failed a test. Gwen is experiencing A) a panic attack. B) anxiety. C) delusions. D) suicidal ideation. ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Applied 4) According to your text, anxiety is a response oriented toward the Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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A) B) C) D)

past. future. self. present.

ANSWER: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 116 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 5) An intense fear reaction resembling sheer terror is called A) a nervous breakdown. B) an acute stressor. C) a phobia. D) a panic attack. ANSWER: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Conceptual 6) The most common behavioural expression of anxiety is A) panic attacks. B) escape or avoidance. C) worry. D) subjective distress. ANSWER: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 116 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 7) Until recently, Jerry had always enjoyed being on his high school debate team, which had won several awards. But yesterday, as Jerry prepared for next week’s event, he began to experience a heightened sense of nervousness. He noticed tightness in his chest and he felt dizzy. He had difficulty controlling his rapid breathing and began to feel an intense need to go outside for air. It is most likely that Jerry was experiencing symptoms of A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) a panic attack. C) agoraphobia. D) post-traumatic stress disorder. ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Applied Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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8) Cognitive symptoms that accompany anxiety are also referred to as A) compulsions. B) subjective distress. C) delusions. D) flight reactions. ANSWER: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 116 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 9) Your professor announces a quiz on this chapter. As you hear the news, your mind begins to conjure up images of failure and the impact of your poor performance on your chosen career as a psychologist. These thoughts persist despite your overall record of academic success. In the context of an anxiety-related response, what would you label your reaction to the announcement? A) Panic B) Worry C) Concern D) Obsession ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Applied 10) Select the statement below about worry that is TRUE. A) The cognitive symptom of worry is typically not present in young children because of their skill deficit in metacognition. B) Young children worry more than adults because of their heightened ability for metacognition. C) Both children and adults report approximately the same level of worries. D) Only children who are cognitively mature worry as much as adults do. ANSWER: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Conceptual 11) As a patient describes his symptoms to a clinician, she begins to suspect that he is suffering from an anxiety disorder. When he mentions fearing class presentations and dropping classes to avoid them, she knows that he A) is likely to need medication to help him relax. B) has just cited two classic behavioural symptoms of anxiety. C) probably suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) comes from a highly anxious family. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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ANSWER: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Applied 12) In children, ______ may be the first sign of fear. A) unusual behaviours B) refusal to eat C) early morning awakenings D) a bedtime ritual ANSWER: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 13) In behavioural terms, the goal of psychotherapy in treating an anxiety disorder is to A) reverse the pattern of the client’s dependency on avoidance behaviours. B) reverse the pattern of negative reinforcement. C) identify the cause rooted in early childhood. D) identify the pattern of punishments maintaining the behaviour. ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 14) Roshanda is a good-natured four-year-old who typically enjoys her 7:30 PM bedtime ritual. After the first day of preschool, Roshanda cries and refuses to stay in bed following her mother’s goodnight kiss and demands to sleep in her parents’ bed. After three unsuccessful attempts to entice Roshanda to sleep in her own bed, her mother gives in. This pattern is repeated every night. Which statement most appropriately applies to this scenario? A) Roshanda’s avoidance of bedtime is maintained through negative reinforcement. B) Roshanda’s behaviour is resistant to extinction. C) The mother could overcome Roshanda’s resistance to obedience through vicarious conditioning. D) The pattern of behaviour is not indicative of a typical fear response for a child. ANSWER: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Applied 15) A factor to be considered in discriminating normal anxiety from abnormal anxiety is Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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A) B) C) D)

the type of object feared. the genetic component. the patient’s response to medication. functional impairment.

ANSWER: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 16) Select the statement below that best illustrates the concept of functional impairment. A) A man is unable to attend his son’s wedding in another state because of a fear of flying. B) A pastor is able to give the sermon even though she experiences anxiety about her performance. C) After experiencing an anxiety attack before going on vacation, a teenager reports enjoying himself on the trip. D) Despite misgivings and nervousness, a student successfully completes an in-class presentation. ANSWER: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Conceptual 17) Kadence is 8. At this age, children sometimes fear: A) world events. B) being alone. C) noises. D) school. ANSWER: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 118 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Applied 18) A child’s developmental hierarchy of fear depends on the child’s chronological age and A) B) C) D)

level of cognitive development. level of social development. mental age. ability to form attachments.

ANSWER: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 118 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 19) Females are ____ times more likely than males to report symptoms of an anxiety disorder. A) two B) four C) three D) five ANSWER: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 118 Topic: What Is Anxiety? Skill: Factual 20) Approximately what percent of people diagnosed with an anxiety disorder are comorbid for another anxiety disorder or for depression? A) 10% B) 32% C) 57% D) 94% ANSWER: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 119 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 21) Approximately what percent of adults suffer from an anxiety disorder at some time in their lives? A) 8.6% B) 15.7% C) 31% D) 57% ANSWER: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 119 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 22) The average age of onset for an anxiety disorder is A) 5 years B) 11 years C) 21 years D) 30 years ANSWER: B Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 23) Sonia had an unusual experience this morning. As she walked into her class, she suddenly felt sheer terror. Her heart raced and she had difficulty breathing. During the attack, her thoughts swirled and she thought she might be losing control over herself. Sonia’s experience is best described as a A) B) C) D)

gender-specific stress incident. school-related phobia. stress-related episode. panic attack.

ANSWER: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 120 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Applied 24) An expected panic attack would be characterized by which of the following statements? A) “I never know when the terror will strike.” B) “The thought of talking in class worried me a bit.” C) “I saw the dog and freaked out.” D) “I felt as if I was outside of my body.” ANSWER: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 120 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 25) Someone who has panic symptoms and cannot identify an environmental trigger for the event is most likely experiencing which specific type of attack? A) Expected attack B) Uncued attack C) Unexpected attack D) False attack ANSWER: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 120 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 26) Agoraphobia literally means fear of A) the marketplace. B) the crowd. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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C) being attacked. D) expressing anger. ANSWER: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 121 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 27) A key difference between the two types of panic disorders discussed in your text is the A) presence of agoraphobic features. B) length of time a person reports having the disorder. C) need for medication to bring symptoms under control. D) degree to which the person is aware that fear causes functional impairment. ANSWER: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 121-122 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 28) Psychologists working with panic-disordered clients would be most likely to see which type of disorder in their practice? A) Agoraphobia without history of panic B) Panic disorder with agoraphobia C) Panic disorder without agoraphobia D) Agoraphobia in young children ANSWER: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 121-122 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 29) Which figure most closely approximates the proportion of people with panic disorder who seek treatment? A) 50% B) 65%. C) 75% D) 95% ANSWER: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 122 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual

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30) People with panic disorder often feel sad and depressed, partly because their anxiety limits daily and work activities as well as enjoyment of life. Therefore, it is not surprising that approximately ______% rely on financial assistance to sustain their existence. A) 10 B) 50 C) 25 D) 70 ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 123 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 31) People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder are characterized by excessive worry about A) specific feared objects. B) cleanliness. C) safety issues. D) many different things. ANSWER: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 121 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 32) Casandra is an honors student and one of the best varsity volleyball players. Despite her successes, she has begun to worry about her grades and standing in college, and her future. She has noticed that her mind goes blank in class and she has difficulty falling asleep at night. Most likely, Cassandra has A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) panic disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) agoraphobia. ANSWER: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 121 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Applied 33) “I have to worry about the future. It’s always been a good strategy. If I worry, I’m able to avoid problems and negative consequences. It’s kind of like trouble-shooting.” A statement of this sort would most likely come from someone who has A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) a social anxiety disorder. C) post-traumatic stress disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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ANSWER: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 121 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 34) Some people suffer from a feeling that a thousand eyes are watching every move they make. In addition, they may be preoccupied with the impression that they make on others, usually assuming it to be negative. As a result, these people may avoid situations in which they will have to interact with large numbers of people. How would you categorize this behaviour? A) Panic attack B) Social anxiety disorder C) Agoraphobia D) Generalized anxiety disorder ANSWER: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 123 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Applied 35) As compared to other people with social anxiety disorder, people with “performanceonly” panic disorder are less likely to have experienced _____ during childhood. A) panic attacks. B) abuse. C) neglect D) shyness. ANSWER: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 123 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 36) Roughly, how many adults have social anxiety disorder? A) about 5% B) just under 10% C) nearly 15% D) about 25% ANSWER: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 124 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 37) More than 50% of people diagnosed with social anxiety disorder have A) comorbid personality disorders. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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B) another anxiety disorder. C) long histories of panic attacks. D) poor interpersonal skills. ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 124 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 38) In Asian cultures, those manifesting taijin kyofusho are afraid of A) being in closed spaces. B) encountering animals. C) offending others. D) entering open spaces. ANSWER: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 124 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 39) The story of Ricky Williams, Heisman Trophy-winning running back, featured in your text, highlights the A) connection between social anxiety disorder and substance abuse. B) effect of agoraphobia on one’s career. C) the degree to which early childhood trauma is linked to anxiety. D) impact of social anxiety disorder on functioning. ANSWER: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 125 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 40) Mrs. Worden has an unusual fear of buttons. Every time she spots a loose button on the floor of her laundry room, she becomes extremely anxious and feels sick. In order to minimize her discomfort, Mrs. Worden only wears clothes that are button-free. If she sought help for her problem, what would Mrs. Worden’s diagnosis probably be? A) Avoidance disorder B) Specific phobia C) Environmental phobia D) Circumscribed anxiety disorder ANSWER: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 126 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Applied

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41) The case in your text of Raymond, who has always been frightened by enclosed spaces, illustrates A) a specific phobia. B) the importance of confronting one’s fears. C) the extent to which social support mediates fear. D) a classic case of agoraphobia. ANSWER: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 128 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 42) Blood-injury-illness phobias are different from other phobias in a unique way involving vasovagal syncope. This condition involves A) elevated blood pressure. B) overuse of emergency room facilities. C) parasympathetic system activation. D) sympathetic system response. ANSWER: C Diff: 3 Page 130 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 43) Specific phobias of ______ are more common in women than in men. A) animals B) heights C) blood-injury-illness D) needles ANSWER: A Diff: 1 Page 132 Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Factual 44) Little Jake is strongly bonded to his mother. In fact, he has a difficult time letting her out of his sight. When his mother must leave him in daycare to go to work, the daycare provider calls because Jake is inconsolable. Since being placed in daycare, Jake has also refused to sleep alone. What disorder do Jake’s symptoms suggest? A) Generalized anxiety disorder B) Post-traumatic stress disorder C) Separation anxiety disorder D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder ANSWER: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 132 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Topic: What Are the Anxiety Disorders? Skill: Applied 45) One feature of obsessions that creates anxiety for an individual is their A) extreme specificity. B) intrusive nature. C) startle value. D) rapid onset. ANSWER: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 133 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 46) According to your text, common obsessions include thoughts about dirt and germs, aggression, failure to engage locks, and A) inappropriate sexual relations. B) failure at work or school. C) fear of unwanted pregnancy. D) fear of embarrassment. ANSWER: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Factual 47) By completing rituals, individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder believe they can neutralize the threat of something bad. This behaviour is maintained through which of the following behavioural mechanisms? A) Positive reinforcement B) Extinction C) Stimulus discrimination D) Negative reinforcement ANSWER: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 134 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 48) More than half of the people with obsessive-compulsive disorder also have comorbid disorders such as social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, GAD, panic disorder and A) depression. B) bipolar disorder. C) agoraphobia. D) sexual dysfunctions. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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ANSWER: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 49) Every evening, Richard must knock on his front door three times before going to bed. He discovered that this was an effective way to ward off robbers. His knocking on the door is an example of A) a compulsion. B) an obsession. C) an intrusive thought. D) a cognitive impairment. ANSWER: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 134 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Applied 50) While trichotillamania and obsessive-compulsive disorders have many features in common, they also have significant differences. One of these includes the fact that A) trichotillamania is short-lived while obsessive-compulsive disorder is long-term. B) rituals produce pleasure but hair pulling does not. C) compulsions are a response to anxiety but hair pulling occurs in reaction to a wide range of negative emotions. D) the disorders demonstrate involvement of totally different brain regions. ANSWER: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 137 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Conceptual 51) Which of the following is true about body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)? A) People with BDD never have delusional beliefs. B) Men with BDD are more likely to be preoccupied with their hips and their weight and to pick at their skin and camouflage it with make-up. C) Women with BDD are more likely to be preoccupied with their hips and their weight and to pick at their skin and camouflage it with make-up. D). Women with BDD are more likely to worry about thinning hair, be preoccupied with their genitals, and have muscle dysmorphia. ANSWER: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 138 Topic: What Are the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders? Skill: Conceptual Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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52) Audra has a lot of trouble looking at herself in the mirror to put on her make-up. She thinks her nose is too big and that it makes her look like a witch. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis? A) body dysmorphic disorder B) trichotill...